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Disaster Situation (disaster + situation)
Selected AbstractsFemale Adolescents and Their Sexuality: Notions of Honour, Shame, Purity and Pollution during the FloodsDISASTERS, Issue 1 2000Sabina Faiz Rashid This paper explores the experiences of female adolescents during the 1998 floods in Bangladesh, focusing on the implications of socio-cultural norms related to notions of honour, shame, purity and pollution. These cultural notions are reinforced with greater emphasis as girls enter their adolescence, regulating their sexuality and gender relationships. In Bangladeshi society, adolescent girls are expected to maintain their virginity until marriage. Contact is limited to one's families and extended relations. Particularly among poorer families, adolescent girls tend to have limited mobility to safeguard their ,purity'. This is to ensure that the girl's reputation does not suffer, thus making it difficult for the girl to get married. For female adolescents in Bangladesh, a disaster situation is a uniquely vulnerable time. Exposure to the unfamiliar environment of flood shelters and relief camps, and unable to maintain their ,space' and privacy from male strangers, a number of the girls were vulnerable to sexual and mental harassment. With the floods, it became difficult for most of the girls to be appropriately `secluded'. Many were unable to sleep, bathe or get access to latrines in privacy because so many houses and latrines were underwater. Some of the girls who had begun menstruation were distressed at not being able to keep themselves clean. Strong social taboos associated with menstruation and the dirty water that surrounded them made it difficult for the girls to wash their menstrual cloths or change them frequently enough. Many of them became separated from their social network of relations, which caused them a great deal of anxiety and stress. Their difficulty in trying to follow social norms have had far-reaching implications on their health, identity, family and community relations. [source] Flood management and flood warning system in China,IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE, Issue 1 2010Jianming Ma This paper briefly introduces the flood disaster situation in China. After reviewing the strategic adjustments on flood management, the achievements related to the flood warning system are described. More specifically, non-structural measures on flash flood management are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Ce document présente brièvement la situation des inondations en Chine. Après avoir examiné les ajustements stratégiques sur la gestion des inondations, les réalisations liées au système d'annonce de crues sont également décrites. Plus précisément, les mesures non structurelles de gestion des crues éclair sont discutées. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Estimating the growth models of news stories on disastersJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 9 2009Jiuchang Wei Understanding the growth models of news stories on disasters is a key issue for efficient disaster management. This article proposes a method to identify three growth models: the Damped Exponential Model, the Normal Model, and the Fluctuating Model. This method is proven to be valid using the 112 disasters occurring between 2003 and 2008. The factors that influence the likelihood of the growth models include disaster types, newsworthy material, disaster severity, and economic development of the affected area. This article suggests that disaster decision-makers can identify the respective likelihood of the three growth models of news stories when a disaster happens, and thereby implement effective measures in response to the disaster situation. [source] Special report: Silent disastersNURSING & HEALTH SCIENCES, Issue 4 2007Anneli Eriksson rn, Article first published online: 22 OCT 200 Abstract Disasters occur not only in war and conflict or after natural events, such as earthquakes or floods. In fact, the death of hundreds of thousands of children in Niger every year, often for treatable conditions, could just as well qualify as a disaster situation. A lack of funding for health care and health-care staff and user fee policies for health care in very poor or unstable settings challenge international agreements that make statements about the right to health and access to health care for all people. This paper argues that although sustainable development is important, today many are without essential health care and die in the silent disasters of hunger and poverty. In other words, the development of health care appears to be stalled for the sake of sustainability. [source] Sample and design considerations in post-disaster mental health needs assessment tracking surveysINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METHODS IN PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH, Issue S2 2008Ronald C. Kessler Abstract Although needs assessment surveys are carried out after many large natural and man-made disasters, synthesis of findings across these surveys and disaster situations about patterns and correlates of need is hampered by inconsistencies in study designs and measures. Recognizing this problem, the US Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) assembled a task force in 2004 to develop a model study design and interview schedule for use in post-disaster needs assessment surveys. The US National Institute of Mental Health subsequently approved a plan to establish a center to implement post-disaster mental health needs assessment surveys in the future using an integrated series of measures and designs of the sort proposed by the SAMHSA task force. A wide range of measurement, design, and analysis issues will arise in developing this center. Given that the least widely discussed of these issues concerns study design, the current report focuses on the most important sampling and design issues proposed for this center based on our experiences with the SAMHSA task force, subsequent Katrina surveys, and earlier work in other disaster situations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Interventions to reduce psychosocial disturbance following humanitarian relief efforts involving natural disasters: An integrative reviewINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING PRACTICE, Issue 4 2009Denise Susan Walsh MSN RN Because of the increased level of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) reported post disaster work, it is imperative that governmental and non-governmental agencies consider predisaster training of volunteers in not only clinical skills, but also communication and team building. When these concepts are combined with ongoing support post disaster, a decrease in the frequency and severity of PTSD has been reported. A review of 12 studies examined responses of relief workers to various disaster situations. Experiences were extracted, categorized, and a data reduction model was developed to illustrate the characteristics of the experiences and subsequent interventions that were reported. Three interventions that positively affected the responses of relief workers to disaster experiences emerged: debriefing, team building and preparation. [source] Citizen Response to Disasters: a Survey of Literature and Some Practical ImplicationsJOURNAL OF CONTINGENCIES AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT, Issue 3 2004I. Helsloot It is most likely that the modern citizen responds to disasters in the same fashion as his ancestor. Contrary to widespread belief, citizens do not panic in disaster situations. In fact, research into different aspects of citizen response shows that most citizens act in a rather rational way. Indeed, citizens often prove to be the most effective kind of emergency personnel. Disaster evaluations invariably show that most lives are actually saved by the ,average' citizen. On the other hand, it seems little can be done to improve citizen preparedness. A modern western citizen is not likely to invest time or money in preparing for ,acceptable' risks. The above results stem for the greater part from research already conducted as long ago as the nineteen-eighties. Limitations and implications however seem as yet unclear. One important limitation is the cultural bias in most studies. One important implication is that in western countries government should step in to improve citizen response by preparing to facilitate it in times of disaster. [source] | ||||||||||