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Disability Status (disability + status)
Terms modified by Disability Status Selected AbstractsPredicting Mother/Father,Child Interactions: Parental Personality and Well-being, Socioeconomic Variables and Child Disability StatusJOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES, Issue 1 2010Laraine M. Glidden Background, Child and parent characteristics as well as socioeconomic family variables can influence the quality of parent,child interactions. Methods, Coders rated parent behaviour from a video-taped 30-min family interaction in 91 families rearing children who were either typically developing or had intellectual/developmental disabilities. In addition, mothers and fathers completed NEO-FFI personality items as well as subjective well-being ratings. Results, Coder ratings were factor analysed, resulting in a four-factor parent behaviour inventory. The disability status of the children did not predict ratings on three of the factors, but parents of children with disabilities were perceived as less negative on one factor than parents of typically developing children. Extraversion, occupational status, and subjective well-being related to the child also predicted some parenting behaviours. Conclusions, Parenting a child with intellectual/developmental disabilities did not result in identifiably adverse outcomes for either mothers or fathers as determined by both behavioural and self-report measures. [source] Examining the Utility of In-Clinic "Rescue" Therapy for Acute MigraineHEADACHE, Issue 6 2008Veronica Morey RN Background., Management options currently are limited for patients with acute migraine whose symptoms prove refractory to self-administered therapy. Objective., To evaluate the clinical utility and cost-effectiveness of a management program offering in-clinic "rescue" treatment for patients with acute migraine. Methods., Two hundred consecutive migraine patients presenting to a university-based headache clinic were randomized to receive either optimal self-administered medical therapy for acute migraine ("standard therapy") or similar therapy plus the option of in-clinic parenteral drug administration should self-administered therapy prove ineffective ("rescue therapy"). Patients randomized to the latter group were restricted to a maximum of 2 "rescue visits" per month, and all patients were followed for one year. Patients "rescued" in clinic were contacted by telephone 24 hours following treatment to evaluate their treatment response. The primary analysis involved a comparison of the number of emergency department (ED) visits for headache recorded within each group over the one-year period of study. For all ED visits in the rescue group and for a randomly selected and equal number of ED visits within the standard group, the direct costs associated with those visits were assessed, and the direct costs of all in-clinic rescue visits also were recorded and analyzed. Results., The 2 groups studied were similar in terms of age, gender ratio, migraine subtype, migraine-related disability status at baseline and type/extent of medical insurance coverage. Over the one-year study period, the rescue group recorded 423 in-clinic rescue visits and reported 27 ED visits for headache treatment. The standard therapy group reported 73 ED visits (27 vs 73 visits; P < .01). The total direct costs associated with ED visits were $45,330 for the rescue group (mean $1690 per ED visit) and (by extrapolation from the sample selected) $147,971 for the standard therapy group (mean $2027 per ED visit). The total direct cost of the 423 "rescue visits" was $33,647 (mean $80 per visit). In 79% of the 423 rescue encounters, the patients involved reported no residual functional disability 24 hours following treatment. Of those in the rescue group who sought in-clinic rescue, 89% reported themselves "very satisfied" with such management. Conclusion., Providing the alternative of in-clinic "rescue" for acute migraine refractory to self-administered therapy offers an attractive alternative for patients and appears to substantially lower use of an ED for headache treatment and the cost associated with that use. [source] Verbal and Nonverbal Memory in Adults Prenatally Exposed to AlcoholALCOHOLISM, Issue 5 2010Claire D. Coles Background:, Neurocognitive effects of prenatal alcohol exposure in adulthood are not well documented. Questions persist regarding the extent to which there are specific, measurable effects beyond those associated with global ability deficits, whether individuals without the full fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) demonstrate alcohol-related cognitive impairments, and whether observed memory effects are specific to a particular modality, i.e., verbal vs. visual/spatial domains. Methods:, In this study, verbal and nonverbal selective reminding paradigms were used to assess memory function in 234 young adults (M age: 22.78, SD: 1.79). Alcohol exposure was quantified prenatally. Alcohol groups included: Individuals with physical effects of alcohol exposure (Dysmorphic group, n = 47); Exposed individuals without such effects (n = 74). Contrast groups included: Controls (n = 59) matched for ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and hospital of birth; Special Education contrast group (n = 54) included to control for disability status. Memory outcomes entailed total recall, delayed recall, and measures of encoding and retrieval, and learning over trials as indexed by slope. Results:, Results indicated that Dysmorphic individuals were significantly less efficient in memory performance than Controls on all of the outcomes measured, but they did not differ from those in the Special Education contrast group. The nondysmorphic, alcohol-exposed group was intermediate in their performance, suggesting a continuum of effects of prenatal exposure. Evaluation of the encoding and retrieval aspects of memory performance indicated that learning rather than forgetting accounted for the deficits associated with prenatal alcohol exposure. Finally, no interaction was found between modality of presentation (verbal and nonverbal) and effects of alcohol exposure on memory performance. Conclusion:, These findings indicate that prenatal alcohol exposure is associated with persistent and specific effects on memory performance, and these problems result from less efficient encoding of information across both verbal and nonverbal modalities. Education and training efforts with this clinical group should take these characteristics into account. [source] Including Adults With Intellectual Disabilities in Research: Scientists' Perceptions of Risks and ProtectionsJOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES, Issue 4 2009Katherine E. McDonald Abstract Social and cognitive characteristics of adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) place them at risk for inappropriate inclusion in or exclusion from research participation. As we grapple with how to include adults with ID in research in order to secure their right to contribute to scientific advancements and be positioned to derive benefit from ensuing knowledge, it is critical to consider scientific gatekeepers' perspectives on risks of and protections for including adults with ID in research. We surveyed 199 Institutional Review Board members and intellectual disability researchers in the United States to identify their perceptions of specific risks and necessary protections in (hypothetical) research studies. The research studies varied as to whether they included adults with ID in the research sample and the level of harm to which research participants were exposed. Results suggest that identification of psychological, social, and legal risks and necessary protections varied by the disability status of the sample, the level of risk, and the role of the person reviewing the study. For example, participants identified more psychological, information control, legal, and social risks in higher harm research studies. Participants reported a need for more protections in high-harm studies as well as studies that included adults with ID. In some instances the nature of identified risks and protections and respondents' characterization of these risks and necessary protections suggested concerns related specifically to adults with ID. Implications for practice, policy, and future research related to access to research participation are discussed. [source] Associations Between Adolescent Risk Behaviors and Injury: The Modifying Role of DisabilityJOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, Issue 1 2009Sudha R. Raman PT ABSTRACT BACKGROUND:, Adolescents with disabilities are at risk for poor health outcomes including injury. The objective of this study was to examine if disability status modifies the association between risk behavior and injury among adolescents. METHODS:, The cross-sectional Health Behavior in School-Aged Children Survey was administered to a representative sample of 7235 Canadian students (grades 6-10) in 2002. Students who reported at least 1 functional difficulty due to a health condition were classified as having a disability. Engagement in up to 6 individual risk behaviors and a summative multiple risk behavior score were considered the primary exposures. Primary outcomes included medically attended injury experienced during a 12-month period. RESULTS:, Sixteen percent of students reported a disability. Almost all risk behaviors and all injury outcomes were more common among students with disabilities than in those without disabilities (eg, older age group's smoking: 17.5% vs 8.9%, p = <.01; medically attended injury: 67.4% vs 51.4%, p = <.01). Clear risk gradients were observed between engagement in multiple risk behavior and all injury outcomes. The association between multiple risk behavior and injury was accentuated by disability status among older students, particularly for students with disabilities who engaged in frequent multiple risk behavior (adjusted risk ratio 1.8, 95% CI: 1.6-1.9). CONCLUSIONS:, Canadian students with disabilities who engage in risk behaviors experience higher risks for medically attended injury than their nondisabled peers who engage in those same risk behaviors. Injury prevention programs that focus on risk-taking behavior should integrate the needs of this high-risk group of adolescents in order to prevent additional disability. [source] Disability and employment among U.S. working-age immigrantsAMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 4 2010Huiyun Xiang MD Abstract Background There is little research which examines disability status and the employment decisions of the US immigrant working-age population. Methods The 2007 American Community Survey data were analyzed to compare disabilities and employment characteristics between immigrant and US-born adults 18,64 years of age. Separate logistic regression models of employment were constructed among persons with disabilities and among persons without disabilities. Each multivariate model included nativity/citizenship, sex, race/ethnicity, age, and education. Results In 2007, 40.8% (95% CI: 39.9,41.7) of immigrants with disabilities were employed, while only 34.9% (95% CI: 34.6,35.2) of US-born persons with disabilities were employed. For each type of disability, including difficulty working, immigrants with disabilities were more likely than their US-born counterparts to be employed. The median wage/salary incomes for persons with disabilities, foreign-born and US-born, respectively, were $20,000 and $22,000. In contrast, the median wage/salary incomes of foreign-born persons with mental impairments, self-care limitations, or participation restrictions exceeded those of US-born persons with these same disabilities. Nativity and citizenship had different effects in separate logistic models of employment for persons with disabilities and persons without disabilities. Among persons with disabilities, foreign-born citizens were more likely to be employed than the US-born, OR,=,1.40 (95% CI: 1.33,1.48), and non-citizens were also more likely to be employed, OR,=,1.74 (95% CI: 1.62,1.87), than US-born persons. Among persons without disabilities, foreign-born non-citizens were less likely to be employed than the US-born, OR,=,0.82 (95% CI: 0.82,0.85). Conclusion Immigrants with disabilities were more frequently employed than US-born persons with disabilities for all types of disabilities. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:425,434, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Tertiary Performance, Field of Study and Graduate Starting SalariesTHE AUSTRALIAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 1 2008Grace Chia This paper analyses data from the University of Western Australia (UWA) Graduate Destination Survey linked to information from the University's Student Records System to explore the determinants of graduates' starting salaries over the years 2002 to 2004. While the details examined also include age, gender, language spoken at home, country of birth, disability status and high school attended, most emphasis is placed on the impact on starting salaries of students' academic performance and their field of study. The analyses show that the main determinant of graduates' starting salaries is the weighted average mark they achieve at university. The salary differentials associated with higher marks in the Australian labour market appear greater than those reported in similar studies of the US and the UK labour markets. Science graduates are shown to have relatively low starting salaries, casting a shadow over recent suggestions that the supply of this group be increased through lower fee regimes. [source] Low-grade systemic inflammation in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosisACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 6 2009D. Keizman Objective,,, To prospectively determine the intensity of systemic low-grade inflammation in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Patients and methods,,, Patients with ALS and matched healthy controls underwent blood tests for inflammation-sensitive biomarkers: erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), quantitative fibrinogen, wide-range C-reactive protein (wrCRP) concentrations, leukocyte count and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). The correlation between these inflammatory biomarkers and disability status of the patients, expressed by the ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R), was evaluated. Results,,, Eighty patients with ALS and 80 matched controls were included. wrCRP, fibrinogen, ESR and NLR values were significantly elevated in patients compared with controls. There was a significant correlation between the ALSFRS-R score and wrCRP, ESR and fibrinogen levels. This correlation persisted on sequential examinations. Conclusions,,, A systemic low-grade inflammation was detected in patients with ALS and correlated with their degree of disability. A heightened systemic inflammatory state is apparently associated with a negative prognosis in ALS. [source] Disability following kidney transplantation: the link to medication coverageCLINICAL TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 2 2007D.P. Slakey Abstract:, There is no uniformity regarding patient disability following kidney transplantation. Given improved results of patient and graft survival, and the link between insurance, medication coverage and disability, efforts must be made to define disability after a successful transplant. We conducted an individual questioner study of kidney transplant patients to determine factors relating to patient-perceived disability. Seventy patients participated in the study. Patient perception of disability did not correlate with education or ethnicity. Most patients believed they were disabled on dialysis and this did not change following transplantation. While 42 (60%) of the patients felt that they could work, either full-time or part-time, only 20 (28%) were actually working or in school. Most patients believe that working will eliminate disability status and, therefore, insurance and medication coverage. Patients considered disability more related to their status as a kidney transplant patient than any specific physical limitations. The link, whether real or perceived, between ,disability' and immunosuppressive medication coverage is a significant barrier for many patients. The transplant community must reach some degree of consensus regarding post-transplant activity restrictions. The transplant community needs to find a way to take an active role in post-transplant education and employment. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||