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Disease Virus Infection (disease + virus_infection)
Selected AbstractsThe History and Treatment of a Bipolar Patient Diagnosed with Borna Disease Virus InfectionAPMIS, Issue 2008Case report First page of article [source] Key role for enkephalinergic tone in cortico,striatal,thalamic functionEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, Issue 9 2002Marylou V. Solbrig Whereas the role of dopaminergic tone in the cortico-striatal-thalamic system is well-established, the role of endogenous opioids in the function of this system is less understood. We show that Borna disease virus infection of adult rats results in an increase in preproenkephalin transcripts in the striatum of Borna-infected rats, a region important for forming coordinated sequential motor actions and in developing programmes of thought and motivation. Stereotypic behaviours and dyskinesias, the clinical hallmarks of infection in adult Lewis rats (BD rats), are accompanied by a disrupted pattern of immediate early gene c-fos activation in the motor thalamus, with significance for the breakdown in coordinated sequential motor actions. We also find increased preproenkephalin in infected cultured neuroblastoma and rat foetal glial cells. The expression pattern of enkephalin mRNA in vivo and in vitro suggest that increased enkephalin function is one of the neuropharmacological means by which Borna disease virus causes motor disease of animals and possibly cognitive and affective disease in man, and further suggest that enkephalins play a critical role in the maintenance of a balanced tone of activity in the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loops. [source] Application of in situ detection techniques to determine the systemic condition of lymphocystis disease virus infection in cultured gilt-head seabream, Sparus aurata L.JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES, Issue 2 2009I Cano Abstract Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) techniques have been used for the detection of lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from gilt-head seabream, Sparus aurata L. Diseased and recovered fish from the same population were analysed. IHC was performed with a polyclonal antibody against a 60-kDa viral protein. A specific digoxigenin-labelled probe, obtained by PCR amplification of a 270-bp fragment of the gene coding the LCDV major capsid protein, was used for ISH. LCDV was detected in skin dermis and gill lamellae, as well as in several internal organs such as the intestine, liver, spleen and kidney using both techniques. Fibroblasts, hepatocytes and macrophages seem to be target cells for virus replication. The presence of lymphocystis cells in the dermis of the skin and caudal fin, and necrotic changes in the epithelium of proximal renal tubules were the only histological alterations observed in fish showing signs of the disease. [source] A serological and virological survey for evidence of infection with Newcastle disease virus in Australian chicken farmsAUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 6 2007VG Kite Objective, To determine the prevalence and distribution of antibodies to Newcastle disease virus on Australian chicken farms and to determine the pathotype and relationships of the Newcastle disease viruses present on those farms. Design, A cross-sectional survey of 753 commercial chicken farms. Procedure, The survey comprised a detailed questionnaire and collection of venous blood samples. The titre of antibodies to Newcastle disease virus was determined by haemagglutination inhibition. Virus isolation was conducted from cloacal and tracheal swabs taken from chickens in serologically positive flocks. Virus isolates were pathotyped on the basis of the deduced Fusion protein cleavage site determined by nucleotide sequencing of a 265 bp region of the genome in the region of the cleavage site. Results, Antibody evidence of Newcastle disease virus infection was found on 300 of the 753 surveyed farms throughout all 11 geographic regions of the survey. The highest prevalence occurred in the Sydney basin, New South Wales and Victoria east regions. Antibody titres were also highest in the regions where serologically positive flocks were most prevalent. The 259 virus isolates revealed nine different RNA sequences. Of the nine virus groups isolated, the most common group W was identical in sequence to the V4 vaccine strain. Five of the other groups had novel RNA sequences in the region of the F protein cleavage site. Conclusions, Antibodies to Newcastle disease virus are highly prevalent in the Australian chicken flock but all identified strains were avirulent in nature. [source] | ||||||||||