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Disease Mortality (disease + mortality)
Kinds of Disease Mortality Selected AbstractsCHOLESTERYL ESTER TRANSFER PROTEIN GENE AND CORONARY HEART DISEASE MORTALITY: THE ROTTERDAM STUDYJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 9 2007M. Carolina Pardo Silva MD No abstract is available for this article. [source] Plasma Carboxymethyl-Lysine, an Advanced Glycation End Product, and All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Older Community-Dwelling AdultsJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 10 2009Richard D. Semba MD OBJECTIVES: To determine whether older adults with high plasma carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), an advanced glycation end product, are at higher risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Population-based sample of adults aged 65 and older residing in Tuscany, Italy. PARTICIPANTS: One thousand thirteen adults participating in the Invecchiare in Chianti study. MEASUREMENTS: Anthropometric measures, plasma CML, fasting plasma total, high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, creatinine. Clinical measures: medical assessment, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke, cancer. Vital status measures: death certificates and causes of death according to the International Classification of Diseases. Survival methods were used to examine the relationship between plasma CML and all-cause and CVD mortality, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: During 6 years of follow-up, 227 (22.4%) adults died, of whom 105 died with CVD. Adults with plasma CML in the highest tertile had greater all-cause (hazard ratio (HR)=1.84, 95% confidence interval) CI)=1.30,2.60, P<.001) and CVD (HR=2.11, 95% CI=1.27,3.49, P=.003) mortality than those in the lower two tertiles after adjusting for potential confounders. In adults without diabetes mellitus, those with plasma CML in the highest tertile had greater all-cause (HR=1.68, 95% CI=1.15,2.44, P=.006) and CVD (HR=1.74, 95% CI=1.00,3.01, P=.05) mortality than those in the lower two tertiles after adjusting for potential confounders. CONCLUSION: Older adults with high plasma CML are at higher risk of all-cause and CVD mortality. [source] Prognostic Significance of QTc Interval for Predicting Total, Cardiac, and Ischemic Heart Disease Mortality in Community-Based Cohort from Warsaw Pol-MONICA PopulationANNALS OF NONINVASIVE ELECTROCARDIOLOGY, Issue 4 2000Aleksandra Pytlak M.D. Background: QT interval in resting electrocardiogram (ECC) is a sum of ventricular depolarization and repolarization time. Its prolongation is associated with a worse prognosis for survival due to a high incidence of severe ventricular arrhythmias. Methods: The random sample of the Warsaw Pol-MONICA population consisting of 2646 men and women, aged 35,64, screened in 1984, was followed-up until 1996. All deaths and their causes were registered based on death certificate diagnosis. QT interval was measured manually in three consecutive QRST complexes in each ECG and corrected using Bazett's formula (QT corrected: QTc). For statistical analyses the mean value of 3 QTc measurements were used. To assess the relationship between QTc and mortality, the Cox proportional hazards model with stepwise selection of variables was used. Results: Out of the screened sample, 459 persons died (309 men, 150 women), 226 due to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (162 men, 64 women), and 81 due to ischemic heart disease (IHD) (59 men, 22 women). Both men and women who died were significantly older at baseline and had significantly longer mean QTc as compared to survivors (men: 457 ms vs 446 ms, P = 0.0001; women: 469 ms vs 459 ms, P = 0.001). Among men, after adjustment for confounding variables, mean QTc was significantly associated with total and CVD mortality, and in women, with CVD and IHD mortality. The risk of death rose with an increase in QTc duration. In men, with every increase in QTc by 20 ms, the risk of all causes of death rose by 11% (95% CI: 1.04,1.18), CVD death by 9% (95% Cl: 1.01,1.19), and IHD death by 11 % (95%: 0.97,1.28). In women, the risk of all-cause death increased by 9% (95% CI: 0.98,1.21), CVD death by 21% (95% Cl: 1.02,1.43), and IHD death by 41% (95% Cl: 1.08,1.85). Conclusion: QTc interval was significantly related to all cause, cardiovascular and ischemic heart disease. The risk of death increased with longer QTc duration. A.N.E. 2000;5(4):322,329 [source] Clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus: prognostic significance and trackingDIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM, Issue 1 2001J. Kaukua Summary Aim Little attention has been paid to the prognostic significance and tracking effect of risk factor clusters characteristic of type 2 diabetes mellitus. We studied the clustering of eight cardiovascular risk factors (smoking, high body mass index, elevated systolic blood pressure, high serum, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high serum LDL triglycerides, low serum, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, high fasting blood glucose and high plasma insulin concentration) and their effect on the prognosis and the tracking effect. Methods This study is a population-based prospective follow-up of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic subjects (n = 133, aged 45,64 years) in Eastern Finland. The following end points were used: all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and incidences of first myocardial infarction and first stroke. Furthermore, we studied the ,tracking effect' of the risk factor clusters during the 10-year follow-up period. Results When the clustering of risk factors typical of type 2 diabetes mellitus was taken into account, all-cause mortality increased from 28.6% to 50.0% (p <,0.05) and cardiovascular disease mortality increased from 14.3% to 50.0% (p <,0.01) depending on the number of risk factors present. The incidence of first myocardial infarction increased from 0% to 40.0% (p <,0.05) as the number of risk factors increased from 0 to 5. In survivors, the proportion of individuals with no risk factors decreased and the proportion on individuals with three to four risk factors increased during the 10-year follow-up period despite the high mortality among the group with many risk factors. Conclusions The risk factor clusters among type 2 diabetic subjects are of great predictive value and when not aggressively treated, show a relentless increase despite selective mortality. [source] Method for moderation: measuring lifetime risk of alcohol-attributable mortality as a basis for drinking guidelinesINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METHODS IN PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH, Issue 3 2008Jürgen Rehm Abstract The objective of this paper was to determine separately the lifetime risk of drinking alcohol for chronic disease and acute injury outcomes as a basis for setting general population drinking guidelines for Australia. Relative risk data for different levels of average consumption of alcohol were combined with age, sex, and disease-specific risks of dying from an alcohol-attributable chronic disease. For injury, combinations of the number of drinks per occasion and frequency of drinking occasions were combined to model lifetime risk of death for different drinking pattern scenarios. A lifetime risk of injury death of 1 in 100 is reached for consumption levels of about three drinks daily per week for women, and three drinks five times a week for men. For chronic disease death, lifetime risk increases by about 10% with each 10-gram (one drink) increase in daily average alcohol consumption, although risks are higher for women than men, particularly at higher average consumption levels. Lifetime risks for injury and chronic disease combine to overall risk of alcohol-attributable mortality. In terms of guidelines, if a lifetime risk standard of 1 in 100 is set, then the implications of the analysis presented here are that both men and women should not exceed a volume of two drinks a day for chronic disease mortality, and for occasional drinking three or four drinks seem tolerable. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Clinical and biochemical implications of low thyroid hormone levels (total and free forms) in euthyroid patients with chronic kidney diseaseJOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 6 2007J. J. Carrero Abstract., Carrero JJ, Qureshi AR, Axelsson J, Yilmaz MI, Rehnmark S, Witt MR, Bárány P, Heimbürger O, Suliman ME, Alvestrand A, Lindholm B, Stenvinkel P (Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; and Karo Bio AB, Novum, Huddinge; Sweden). Clinical and biochemical implications of low thyroid hormone levels (total and free forms) in euthyroid patients with chronic kidney disease. J Intern Med 2007; 262: 690,701. Objectives., In this study, we explore the associations of decreased thyroid hormone levels with inflammation, wasting and survival in biochemically euthyroid patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Design., After exclusion of 23 patients with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) values outside the normal range (0.1,4.5 mIU L,1), 187 clinically and biochemically euthyroid incident ESRD stage 5 patients starting dialysis were followed for a median of 20 (range 1,60) months. Measurements of total and free forms of thyroid hormones, s-albumin, hs-CRP, interleukin (IL)-6, vascular adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) were performed at baseline. Results., In this population, 17 out of 210 patients (8%) were defined as subclinically hypothyroid. Multivariate analysis, according to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, showed that mortality was best predicted by total triiodothyronine (T3). When using the cut-off levels derived from ROC, low T3 levels were associated with increased inflammation (higher hs-CRP, IL-6 and VCAM-1) and lower concentration of both s-albumin and IGF-1. Finally, low T3 but not low free triiodothyronine was associated with worse all-cause (Likelihood ratio = 45.4; P < 0.0001) and cardiovascular mortality (Likelihood ratio = 47.8; P < 0.0001) after adjustment for confounding factors. Conclusion., This study showed that low T3 levels are independent predictors of all-cause and also cardiovascular disease mortality in biochemically euthyroid patients, perhaps due to an intimate association with inflammation. Based on these results, the use of T3 levels in studies assessing the relationship between thyroid dysfunction and mortality risk is recommended. [source] Risk of vascular disease in adults with diagnosed coeliac disease: a population-based studyALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 1 2004J. West Summary Background :,It has been suggested that vascular disease mortality may be reduced in coeliac disease because of lower levels of blood pressure, cholesterol and body mass. Aim :,To examine whether people with coeliac disease are at reduced risk of various vascular diseases. Methods :,We identified 3790 adults with diagnosed coeliac disease and 17 925 age- and sex-matched controls in the General Practice Research Database. We estimated odds ratios for diagnosed hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia and atrial fibrillation and hazard ratios for myocardial infarction and stroke. Results :,Adults with coeliac disease, compared with controls, were less likely to have had a diagnosis of hypertension [11% vs. 15%, odds ratio 0.68 (95% confidence interval: 0.60,0.76)] or hypercholesterolaemia [3.0% vs. 4.8%, odds ration 0.58 (95% confidence interval: 0.47,0.72)] but slightly more likely to have had atrial fibrillation [2.1% vs. 1.7%, odds ratio 1.26 (95% confidence interval: 0.97,1.64)]. The hazard ratio for myocardial infarction was 0.85 (95% confidence interval: 0.63,1.13), while the hazard ratio for stroke was 1.29 (95% confidence interval: 0.98,1.70). Conclusions :,Although rates of myocardial infarction and stroke were not substantially different, adults with coeliac disease do have a lower prevalence of hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia compared with the general population. The effect of a gluten-free diet on cardiovascular risk factors should be determined before any screening programmes for coeliac disease are instituted. [source] Secular trend in medical education regarding infectious diseaseMEDICAL EDUCATION, Issue 10 2003Kai Ming Chow Objective ,The paradigm of global medical health has been re-characterised by a shift in its major focus from infectious disease to chronic illness. Opinions vary as to the declining emphasis on infectious disease. This paper provides clinicians with an understanding of a secular trend in medical education regarding the topic of infectious diseases over a period of 26 years. Methods ,A survey was carried out to evaluate coverage of infectious disease topics within recent general medicine textbooks and journals. Results ,The percentage of content dedicated to infectious disease has remained static in 2 major medical textbooks, whereas a trend towards decreasing coverage was shown in 4 major medical journals. Of 901 original articles published in 2000, 16·4% covered certain aspects of infectious disease, as compared with 20·9% of 790 articles published in 1985. Increasing rates of infectious disease mortality in developing countries were not consistently matched with the trend in coverage of infectious disease topics in either medical textbooks or journals. Conclusions ,Our data demonstrate that coverage of infectious disease topics in publications issued in developed countries was more indicative of global trends in disease mortality rather than those of developing countries. Medical education and knowledge, which are usually delivered by the rich nations where influential medical textbooks and journals are published, place less emphasis on infectious disease relative to the burden infectious disease places on the developing world. [source] Parkinson's disease mortality among male anesthesiologists and internistsMOVEMENT DISORDERS, Issue 12 2005Chava Peretz PhD Abstract Clusters of Parkinson's disease (PD) among healthcare professionals have been interpreted as evidence of an infectious etiology. Anesthetic gases have also been associated with parkinsonism symptoms and PD among patients undergoing general anesthesia. We investigated PD mortality among large cohorts of male U.S. anesthesiologists (n = 33,040) and internal medicine physicians (n = 33,044). PD mortality for any mention on a death certificate was lower than rates in U.S. men during 1979,1995 for both groups, although anesthesiologists had a significantly elevated risk for PD as underlying cause of death for 10-year follow-up. Direct comparisons of mortality between the two cohorts indicated excess PD mortality in anesthesiologists for >10-year follow-up for any mention and for underlying cause of death. These findings lend some support to the hypothesis that infectious agents or anesthetic gases may be associated etiologically with PD. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society [source] The burden of overweight and obesity in the Asia,Pacific regionOBESITY REVIEWS, Issue 3 2007Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration Summary The rise in the prevalence of overweight and obesity (body mass index ,25 kg m,2) is, in part, a negative consequence of the increasing economic developments of many lower- and middle-income countries in the Asia,Pacific region. To date, there has been no systematic quantification of the scale of the problem in countries of this region. From the most recent nationally representative estimates for the prevalence of overweight and obesity in 14 countries of the region, it is apparent that overweight and obesity is endemic in much of the region, prevalence ranging from less than 5% in India to 60% in Australia. Moreover, although the prevalence in China is a third of that in Australia, the increase in prevalence in China over the last 20 years was 400% compared with 20% in Australia. In addition, across various countries in the region, the population attributable fractions because of overweight and obesity ranged from 0.8% to 9.2% for coronary heart disease mortality, 0.2% to 2.9% for haemorrhagic stroke mortality, and 0.9% to 10.2% for ischaemic stroke mortality. These results indicate that consequences of overweight and obesity for health and the economy of many of these countries are likely to increase in coming years. [source] Intensified Screening and Treatment of the Metabolic Syndrome for Cardiovascular Risk ReductionPREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY, Issue 1 2005Nathan D. Wong PhD The metabolic syndrome (MetS), characterized by a clustering of risk factors associated with insulin resistance and abdominal obesity, is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease mortality. Persons with MetS have a wide spectrum of coronary heart disease risk and appropriate evaluation of risk using global risk algorithms. Measurement of other risk markers and subclinical disease is potentially needed to best set treatment goals and accompanying treatment regimens. The presence of MetS risk factors should be considered in global risk assessment. Clinical management emphasizes addressing underlying risk factors predisposing to MetS-specifically overweight/obesity and physical inactivity. Further recommendations are given for clinical risk factors, including atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, insulin resistance/hyperglycemia, prothrombotic state, and proinflammatory state. Clinicians are recommended to assess MetS in their routine practice and to intensify efforts to adequately treat accompanying lifestyle and clinical risk factors. [source] Gleaning signals about the past from cemetery dataAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Lisa Sattenspiel Abstract Cemetery headstones provide an easily accessible source of demographic data in human populations. In common with other sources of demographic data, such as skeletal samples, cemetery data may not be representative of the populations from which they were derived. In some circumstances they can be reasonably representative, however, and in such cases they may provide signals about demographic changes in the population that contributed to the cemetery. We present here analyses of burials occurring between 1900 and 1990 at the Columbia Cemetery in Columbia, Missouri. Our analyses, in combination with archival materials relating to infrastructure improvements in Columbia and data on infectious disease mortality in the state of Missouri, show that patterns of death observed in the cemetery data provide evidence for the timing of changes in the health of Columbia's residents. At the time that major improvements in sanitation and hygiene were implemented, burials of individuals dying under age 45 decreased significantly while burials of individuals older than 45 remained relatively high. Furthermore, data on infectious disease mortality indicate significant declines in deaths from water- and milk-borne infections, but no change in mortality from respiratory illnesses. These data also indicate that observed changes occurred about a decade later in Columbia than in large cities and more densely populated states elsewhere in the United States. Thus, this study illustrates the value of cemetery data in helping to fill gaps about how and when different events known to affect patterns of birth and death may have played out across time and space. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Trends in chronic disease mortality in the Northern Territory Aboriginal population, 1997-2004: using underlying and multiple causes of deathAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 6 2009Emily Fearnley Abstract Objective: To assess trends in chronic disease mortality in the Aboriginal population of the Northern Territory (NT), using both underlying and multiple causes of death. Method: Death registration data from 1997 to 2004, were used for the analysis of deaths from five chronic diseases; ischaemic heart disease (IHD), diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), renal failure and stroke. Negative binomial regression models were used to estimate the average annual change in mortality rates for each of the five diseases. Chi squared tests were conducted to determine associations between the five diseases. Results: The five chronic diseases contributed to 49.3% of all Aboriginal deaths in the NT. The mortality rate ratio of NT Aboriginal to all Australian death rates from each of the diseases ranged from 4.3 to 13.0, with the lowest rate ratio for stroke and highest for diabetes. There were significant statistical associations between IHD, diabetes, renal failure and stroke. The mortality rates for diabetes, COPD and stroke declined at estimated annual rates for NT Aboriginal males of 3.6%, 1.0% and 11.7% and for Aboriginal females by 3.5%, 6.1% and 7.1% respectively. There were increases in mortality rates for Aboriginal males and females for IHD and a mixed result for renal failure. Conclusion: NT Aboriginal people experience high chronic disease mortality, however, mortality rates appear to be declining for diabetes, COPD and stroke. The impact of chronic disease on mortality is greater than previously reported by using a single underlying cause of death. The results highlight the importance of integrated chronic disease interventions. [source] | ||||||||||