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Administration Protocols (administration + protocol)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences100%

Selected Abstracts

How many cisplatin administration protocols does your department use?

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER CARE, Issue 1 2010
A.P. GREYSTOKE bsc, mbchb, registrar medical oncology
GREYSTOKE A.P., JODRELL D.I., CHEUNG M., RIVANS I. & MACKEAN M.J. (2009) European Journal of Cancer Care19, 80,90 How many cisplatin administration protocols does your department use? The introduction, 30 years ago, of the co-administration of appropriate hydration and ensuring a diuresis occurs during the administration of cisplatin was important in its development, allowing clinically significant doses to be given with acceptable rates of toxicity. The clinical usage of cisplatin has increased and hydration protocols have been amended to increase patient comfort and reduce resource utilization. We suspected that this had led to unnecessary variations in practice both in clinical trials and subsequently in the clinic. Therefore, we reviewed practice in the Edinburgh Cancer Centre and discovered that 25 different hydration protocols were in use, with wide variation in dilution of cisplatin, total fluid administered, use of electrolyte (potassium and magnesium) supplementation and diuretics. These differences are a reflection of adoption of variations in hydration regimes published in pivotal clinical trials. A review of the available evidence relating to cisplatin associated hydration regimens was performed and recommendations will be made for the future design of evidence-based protocols. [source]

Summative Assessment in Medicine: The Promise of Simulation for High-stakes Evaluation

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 11 2008
John R. Boulet PhD
Abstract Throughout their careers, physicians are exposed to a wide array of assessments, including those aimed at evaluating knowledge, clinical skills, and clinical decision-making. While many of these assessments are used as part of formative evaluation activities, others are employed to establish competence and, as a byproduct, to promote patient safety. In the past 10 years, simulations have been successfully incorporated in a number of high-stakes physician certification and licensure exams. In developing these simulation-based assessments, testing organizations were able to promote novel test administration protocols, build enhanced assessment rubrics, advance sophisticated scoring and equating algorithms, and promote innovative standard-setting methods. Moreover, numerous studies have been conducted to identify potential threats to the validity of test score interpretations. As simulation technology expands and new simulators are invented, this groundbreaking work can serve as a basis for organizations to build or expand their summative assessment activities. Although there will continue to be logistical and psychometric problems, many of which will be specialty- or simulator-specific, past experience with performance-based assessments suggests that most challenges can be addressed through focused research. Simulation, whether it involves standardized patients (SPs), computerized case management scenarios, part-task trainers, electromechanical mannequins, or a combination of these methods, holds great promise for high-stakes assessment. [source]

Pharmacokinetics and protein binding of the selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor 7-nitroindazole

BIOPHARMACEUTICS AND DRUG DISPOSITION, Issue 6 2000
Mark A. Bush
Abstract Utilization of nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) inhibitors to probe the role of NO in various central nervous system processes requires use of an inhibitor selective for neuronal NOS, and is facilitated by knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of the inhibitor. The present project was undertaken to elucidate the disposition of the selective neuronal NOS inhibitor 7-nitroindazole (7-NI). A simple, specific HPLC assay was developed with requisite sensitivity to quantitate 7-NI in serum after administration of pharmacologically relevant doses. Further experiments were performed to assess the effects of administered dose on 7-NI disposition. 7-NI displayed marked nonlinearity, consistent with saturable elimination, when administered by ip injection in peanut oil. The nonlinearity was related to total dose, but not to the concentration of 7-NI in the vehicle. Binding of 7-NI in rat serum was concentration-independent and does not contribute to the nonlinearity. Various formulations for iv administration of this water-insoluble compound were evaluated; the optimal vehicle, from the standpoint of 7-NI solubility, appeared to inhibit the clearance of 7-NI from the systemic circulation. Considering the nonlinear disposition of 7-NI, knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of this inhibitor is requisite to designing administration protocols to achieve the desired magnitude and duration of NOS inhibition. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]