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Different Traps (different + trap)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Life Sciences	50%

Selected Abstracts

Efficacy of trap and lure types for detection of Agrilus planipennis (Col., Buprestidae) at low density

JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 4 2010
J. M. Marshall
Abstract Development of effective trapping tools for forest pests and evaluating the key components of these tools is necessary to locate early-stage infestations and develop management responses to them. Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (emerald ash borer) is an introduced pest of ash (Fraxinus spp. L.) in North America. The effectiveness of different trap and lure combinations were tested in areas with low and high density populations of A. planipennis. At low density sites, purple prism traps outperformed green traps and girdled ash trap trees in capture rates (adults per day) and rates of detection of A. planipennis. Also, manuka oil lures, used as a standard lure in a national survey programme, captured higher rates of A. planipennis than did previous standards of girdled ash trap trees. There was no logistic relationship between the detection of A. planipennis on a trap and the diameter of the ash tree from which the trap was suspended, possibly because of the use of artificial lures with these traps. There was also no difference in the mean number of A. lanipennis captured per day between ash species and between vigour rating of ash associated with the traps. However, traps placed in open grown and dominant trees captured more beetles than traps placed in lower canopy class trees. At sites defined as low and high density, there was no difference in the larval density per cm3 of phloem. This suggests that exposure time to A. planipennis has been shorter at those low density sites. By exploiting the trap and tree characteristics that improve A. planipennis capture rates and detection efficacy, there can be future improvement in management of this pest. If detection can occur before infested ash trees exhibit signs and symptoms, there may be a potential for reducing the mortality of ash within stands. [source]

A carbon dioxide, heat and chemical lure trap for the bedbug, Cimex lectularius

MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 2 2009
J. F. ANDERSON
Abstract A trap for the collection of bedbugs, Cimex lectularius Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), is described. The trap was baited with CO2 (50,400 mL/min), heat (37.2,42.2 °C) and a chemical lure comprised of 33.0 ,g proprionic acid, 0.33 ,g butyric acid, 0.33 ,g valeric acid, 100 ,g octenol and 100 ,g L-lactic acid, impregnated into a gel. Laboratory studies, conducted in a square arena measuring 183 cm on each side, showed that traps with and without baits captured adult bedbugs, but traps with CO2 emissions of 50,400 mL/min caught significantly (P < 0.05) more bedbugs than traps without CO2. In an infested unoccupied apartment, traps with heat and with or without the chemical lure were tested without CO2 on 29 trap-days and with CO2 on 9 trap-days. The numbers of bedbugs captured were 656 and 5898 in traps without and with CO2, respectively. The numbers of bedbugs of all development stages captured were significantly greater in traps with CO2 (,2 = 15 942, d.f. = 1, P < 10,9). A non-parametric two-way analysis of variance evaluation of six different traps with or without CO2, heat or a chemical lure monitored over 19 trap-days in an infested apartment showed that trap type was highly significant (n = 2833 bedbugs collected) (P < 10,7). The trap with CO2, heat and a chemical lure captured more bedbugs than the other traps, but only caught significantly more fourth and fifth instar nymphs than all other traps. Otherwise, the catches in this trap did not differ significantly from those caught by traps that contained CO2 and heat only. The total numbers of bedbugs collected for each trapping date (pooling all six traps) followed an exponential decline over the trapping period. This type of trap, which caught bedbugs in unoccupied apartments with and without furniture, and in an occupied apartment, may have utility in studying the ecology of bedbugs, in detecting bedbug infestations and in reducing numbers of bites by trapping host-seeking bedbugs. [source]

Defects in Ce3+ doped Y2SiO5

PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (C) - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 1 2005
T. Aitasalo
Abstract The crystal defects in the Ce3+ doped X2 -type yttrium oxyorthosilicate, X2 -Y2SiO5:Ce3+, were studied by high-resolution time-resolved laser excited photoluminescence (PL), thermoluminescence (TL) and EPR spectroscopy. X2 -Y2SiO5:Ce3+ shows two strong 5d1,4f1 emission bands with maxima at about 395 (25300) and 430 nm (23250 cm,1) with ca. 40 ns decay times. In addition, two very weak emission bands at 484 (20660) and 577 nm (17330 cm,1) under wide band UV excitation (maximum at 360 nm) from a pulsed Xe lamp can be observed with decay times in the millisecond range. Under the third harmonic of a Nd:YAG laser (355 nm) excitation these bands are split into a number of sharper bands. The EPR shows the presence of electrons occupying anion vacancies in Y2SiO5 lattice while thermoluminescence revealed the presence of two different traps which are, however, too deep for efficient persistent luminescence materials. The defects play a crucial role in the creation of the Ce3+,Ce4+ charge transfer luminescence. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source]

Effect of magnetic field on electrical properties of nanocrystalline poly(vinylidene fluoride) samples

POLYMER INTERNATIONAL, Issue 11 2009
Prashant Shukla
Abstract BACKGROUND: The electrical properties of nanocrystalline poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) samples of 20 µm in thickness were measured in terms of thermally stimulated current (TSC), conduction current and dielectric constant after application of a magnetic field. RESULTS: TSC shows the release of trapped charges inside the material that enhances the current with magnetic field. The reason for the polarity reversal of the current with reversal of the magnetic field polarity is due to the change in spin of electrons depending upon the direction of the magnetic field. CONCLUSION: The magnetic field causes trapping of charge carriers in different traps, as the reason for the increase of activation energy with increasing field. The flow of conduction current at constant temperature in magnetically polarized PVDF is governed by Poole,Frenkel and Schottky,Richardson mechanisms. The decrease in dielectric constant at a certain alternating current (AC) frequency and magnetic field with temperature is caused by magnetic polarization in addition to the AC field. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry [source]