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Different Preparations (different + preparation)
Selected AbstractsResponse to ,Different Preparations of Tacrolimus and Medication Errors'AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 6 2009L. Chodoff No abstract is available for this article. [source] Fabrication of Nanoporous Copper Film for Electrochemical Detection of GlucoseELECTROANALYSIS, Issue 21 2009Sirilak Sattayasamitsathit Abstract A nanoporous copper film was fabricated on a copper wire by electrodeposition of copper/zinc alloy and chemically etching of zinc. The surface morphology was investigated by SEM. When applied to detect glucose in an amperometric flow injection system the porous copper electrode provided 12 times higher sensitivity than solid copper. It could be continuously used up to 50 times (%RSD=5.7). Different preparations of the porous film provided reproducible responses (P<0.05). Detection of glucose in E. coli cultivation medium compared well with spectrophotometric technique (P<0.05). This simple technique can produce a nanoporous electrode with good performances and can easily be applied to other metals and analytes. [source] GLAZED CERAMIC MANUFACTURING IN SOUTHERN TUSCANY (ITALY): EVIDENCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL CONTINUITY THROUGHOUT THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD (10TH,14TH CENTURIES),ARCHAEOMETRY, Issue 1 2008C. FORTINA Archaeometric investigation allowed the characterization of two important classes of ceramics: ,vetrina sparsa' and ,invetriata grezza'. Their archaeological peculiarity makes them particularly suited for tracing the evolution of glaze manufacturing in southern Tuscany throughout the medieval period (10th,14th centuries). These ceramics were found in different sites of historical importance, and also from a mining perspective. Local copper, lead, zinc and iron mineralizations supported the growth of several settlements in the vicinity of the mines. The many castles and different archaeological finds (ceramics, glazed ceramic, slag etc.) attest to the intense mineral exploitation of the area from at least the first millennium bc up to the modern period. In light of these geological and archaeological characteristics, archaeometric investigation was intended to provide insight into ancient technical knowledge of ceramic glazing and to determine the source area for raw materials in the medieval period (10th,14th centuries). Ceramic bodies were analysed through OM, XRDp, SEM,EDS and XRF, while coatings were investigated through SEM,EDS. Mineralogical, petrographic and chemical analyses revealed slightly different preparation and firing processes for the two classes of ceramics. These data suggest the continuity through the centuries of the ,vetrina sparsa' and ,invetriata grezza' production technology. The mineralogical phases, such as monazite, xenotime, zircon, barite, Ti oxide, ilmenite, titanite, tourmaline and ilvaite, and the lithic (intrusive and volcanic) fragments detected within the ceramic bodies suggest a source area in the vicinity of the Campiglia mining district. Lastly, the presence of Cu,Zn,Pb (Ag) and Fe sulphide mineralizations (materials used to produce glaze) in the area supports the hypothesis of local manufacture. [source] Efficacy of prepackaged, low residual test meals with 4L polyethylene glycol versus a clear liquid diet with 4L polyethylene glycol bowel preparation: A randomized trialJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 6 2009Dong Il Park Abstract Background and study aims:, A prepackaged low residue one-day diet (breakfast, lunch and dinner) has been recently developed to improve patient tolerance for bowel preparation prior to colonoscopy. The aims of this study were to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of bowel preparation protocols based on a low residue diet and 4L polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution, and to compare these new options with the traditional liquid diet and the PEG 4L lavage. Methods:, A total of 214 patients (mean age: 54.1 years; 120 male, 94 female) from four university hospitals were included in the analysis. Patients were randomized to receive a clear liquid diet and the PEG 4L regimen (106 patients) or the low residue test meals and the PEG 4L regimen (TM-PEG 4L, 108 patients). The colon cleansing efficacy of the different preparations was rated using the Ottawa bowel preparation scale. Results:, No significant differences were observed between the treatment groups according to the Ottawa cleansing scale findings (PEG 4L: 2.97 vs TM-PEG 4L: 2.46, P = 0.063). The overall tolerability was higher in the TM-PEG 4L group than in the PEG 4L group (P = 0.036). No difference was found when the two groups were compared with regard to adverse events (P = 0.599). Conclusions:, A prepackaged low residue one-day diet provided cleansing efficacy similar to that of a clear liquid diet and offered the benefit of improved tolerability compared to the conventional PEG 4L regimen. [source] Mitochondrial transport proteins of the brainJOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH, Issue 15 2007D.A. Berkich Abstract In this study, cellular distribution and activity of glutamate and ,-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transport as well as oxoglutarate transport across brain mitochondrial membranes were investigated. A goal was to establish cell-type-specific expression of key transporters and enzymes involved in neurotransmitter metabolism in order to estimate neurotransmitter and metabolite traffic between neurons and astrocytes. Two methods were used to isolate brain mitochondria. One method excludes synaptosomes and the organelles may therefore be enriched in astrocytic mitochondria. The other method isolates mitochondria derived from all regions of the brain. Immunological and enzymatic methods were used to measure enzymes and carriers in the different preparations, in addition to studying transport kinetics. Immunohistochemistry was also employed using brain slices to confirm cell type specificity of enzymes and carriers. The data suggest that the aspartate/glutamate carriers (AGC) are expressed predominantly in neurons, not astrocytes, and that one of two glutamate/hydroxyl carriers is expressed predominantly in astrocytes. The GABA carrier and the oxoglutarate carrier appear to be equally distributed in astrocytes and neurons. As expected, pyruvate carboxylase and branched-chain aminotransferase were predominantly astrocytic. Insofar as the aspartate/glutamate exchange carriers are required for the malate/aspartate shuttle and for reoxidation of cytosolic NADH, the data suggest a compartmentation of glucose metabolism in which astrocytes catalyze glycolytic conversion of glucose to lactate, whereas neurons are capable of oxidizing both lactate and glucose to CO2 + H2O. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Coronary risks after high-dose ,-globulin in children with Kawasaki diseasePEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 5 2000Yoshiyuki Morikawa Abstract Objectives: The goals of the present study were to develop a predictive coronary risk scoring system after intravenous ,-globulin (IVGG) therapy of any dose for the different preparations currently used in the treatment of children with Kawasaki disease and to determine the predictive value of the system. The previously reported scoring systems were based on treatment with high-dose IVGG therapy at limited doses and were determined using investigative methods. Methods: Four hundred and fifty-one patients were randomized into one of three groups and received either i.v. polyethylene glycol-treated human immunoglobulin at a dose of either 200 (n=147) or 400 mg/kg per day (n=152) or freeze-dried sulfonated human immunoglobulin at 200 mg/kg per day (n=152) for 5 consecutive days. We documented 31 cases of coronary abnormalities (CA). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was performed using 49 clinical variables and the resulting predictive model was validated. Results: The duration of fever (odds (1 day)/odds (, 5 days)=0.158; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.0385,0.648), hemoglobin (odds (Q1=10.3)/odds (Q3=11.6) = 3.97; 95% CI 1.92,8.20), IgG (odds (Q1=1900)/odds (Q3=2658)=2.72, 95% CI 1.18,6.25) and IgA (odds (Q1=72)/odds (Q3=160) =0.415; 95% CI 0.253,0.680) levels after completion of ,-globulin infusion were independent predictors. The model is quasi-cross validated and has acceptable sensitivity and selectivity. The estimated risk and observed occurence of CA coincide. Conclusions: Determinants of the risk of CA after IVGG therapy are a longer duration of fever, a lower IgG level, a higher IgA level and a lower hemoglobin level after IVGG infusion. This model is applicable for IVGG doses from 1 to 2 g/kg and for at least two different ,-globulin preparations. [source] Three-dimensional average-shape atlas of the honeybee brain and its applicationsTHE JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY, Issue 1 2005Robert Brandt Abstract The anatomical substrates of neural nets are usually composed from reconstructions of neurons that were stained in different preparations. Realistic models of the structural relationships between neurons require a common framework. Here we present 3-D reconstructions of single projection neurons (PN) connecting the antennal lobe (AL) with the mushroom body (MB) and lateral horn, groups of intrinsic mushroom body neurons (type 5 Kenyon cells), and a single mushroom body extrinsic neuron (PE1), aiming to compose components of the olfactory pathway in the honeybee. To do so, we constructed a digital standard atlas of the bee brain. The standard atlas was created as an average-shape atlas of 22 neuropils, calculated from 20 individual immunostained whole-mount bee brains. After correction for global size and positioning differences by repeatedly applying an intensity-based nonrigid registration algorithm, a sequence of average label images was created. The results were qualitatively evaluated by generating average gray-value images corresponding to the average label images and judging the level of detail within the labeled regions. We found that the first affine registration step in the sequence results in a blurred image because of considerable local shape differences. However, already the first nonrigid iteration in the sequence corrected for most of the shape differences among individuals, resulting in images rich in internal detail. A second iteration improved on that somewhat and was selected as the standard. Registering neurons from different preparations into the standard atlas reveals 1) that the m-ACT neuron occupies the entire glomerulus (cortex and core) and overlaps with a local interneuron in the cortical layer; 2) that, in the MB calyces and the lateral horn of the protocerebral lobe, the axon terminals of two identified m-ACT neurons arborize in separate but close areas of the neuropil; and 3) that MB-intrinsic clawed Kenyon cells (type 5), with somata outside the calycal cups, project to the peduncle and lobe output system of the MB and contact (proximate) the dendritic tree of the PE1 neuron at the base of the vertical lobe. Thus the standard atlas and the procedures applied for registration serve the function of creating realistic neuroanatomical models of parts of a neural net. The Honeybee Standard Brain is accessible at www.neurobiologie.fu-berlin.de/beebrain. J. Comp. Neurol. 492:1,19, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Comparison of three different preparations of platelet concentrates for growth factor enrichmentCLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 5 2002Thorsten R. Appel Abstract: The aim of the present study was to compare three different systems for preparing platelet concentrates: two commercially available bed-side techniques (Curasan system and PCCS) and a procedure used routinely in transfusion medicine. Platelet concentrates were prepared from venous blood of 12 healthy male volunteers using the three different systems. Platelet and leucocyte counts were performed and platelet derived growth factor and transforming growth factor beta were assayed by enzyme linked immunoassay. Handling was also considered. The three systems were able to collect 19.0 ± 16.6% (laboratory system), 41.9 ± 9.7% (Curasan system) and 49.6 ± 21.0% (PCCS) of the absolute number of platelets which were originally in the venous blood volume within the platelet concentrate. Due to the amount of plasma which is left in the platelet concentrate portion, the platelet concentration could be increased between 1.4 ± 1.3 times (laboratory system), 5.0 ± 2.3 times (PCCS) and 11.7 ± 2.4 times (Curasan system) compared to the venous blood. The amount of growth factors correlated with the number of platelets within the platelet concentrates. The two systems for intraoperative use are similar in their effects on the platelets. The absolute gain of platelets seems to be the highest with the PCCS; the highest concentration of platelets per µL is gained with the Curasan system. The laboratory system may offer an alternative if an intraoperative system is not available. [source] | |||||||||||||