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Different Occupational Groups (different + occupational_groups)
Selected AbstractsHow do employees perceive their organization and job when companies adopt principles of lean production?HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS IN MANUFACTURING & SERVICE INDUSTRIES, Issue 2 2004Pentti Seppälä The concept of lean production originally emerged in the beginning of the 1990s in the automobile industry, but its principles were adopted in other industries as well. According to the literature, the principles of lean production are controversial from the point of view of human well being. This study examined: 1) the extent to which lean production and related technologies were adopted in four Finnish manufacturing companies; 2) the way different occupational groups experienced their organization and work when principles of lean production had been implemented; and 3) which factors in the organization and change processes were associated with the employees' positive or negative perceptions of production, job satisfaction, and stress. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 14: 157,180, 2004. [source] Mothers' grief following the death of a childJOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 1 2001Hilkka Laakso PhD RN Mothers' grief following the death of a child Aim of the study.,Research has shown that caring for a dying child is among the hardest and more demanding tasks in nursing, because the staff are forced to manage their heavy work with inadequate skills and experience. This article deals with the findings of a recent study, the purpose of which was to analyse the mother's grief and coping with grief following the death of a child under the age of 7 years. Design.,Data were collected from mothers using a survey (n=91) and an interview (n=50). As the topic was very sensitive ethically and emotionally, survey data were collected first and the mothers were asked to give their consent to taking part in an interview. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative methods. The data were analysed using statistical methods and content analysis. However, only the qualitative part of the study is presented in this article. Findings.,The findings show that nursing staff had skills to support grieving mothers, but that there were many feelings and experiences of grief that remained unidentified by staff. The staff's ability to meet the mothers' individual needs while the child was in hospital and after the child's death was inadequate. The information received from staff was perceived to be insufficient or offensive to mothers. Conclusions.,The development of basic and further education and of various support measures would enable the staff to better cope with their work. Focusing on interactive skills and meeting the patient's individual needs using reflective practice would improve the quality of care. Communication and collaboration between different occupational groups should be promoted, because mothers were dissatisfied with dissemination of information, and ambiguous responsibilities between different occupational groups hampered the acquisition of information. [source] The Cost of Flexibility at the Margin.LABOUR, Issue 4-5 2007Comparing the Wage Penalty for Fixed-term Contracts in Germany, Spain using Quantile Regression Using quantile regression we find that in West Germany the earnings of permanent and fixed-term workers are most similar among high earners and most dissimilar among low earners. In Spain, the wage penalty shows little variation across the distribution of wages. This pattern was also found for different occupational groups, although there are clear differences in the absolute wage penalty across occupations. In conclusion we caution against generalizing findings from Spain to other ,rigid' European labour markets. [source] Effect of occupation and smoking on respiratory symptoms in working childrenAMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 6 2009Erkan Cakir Abstract Objectives To compare the respiratory symptoms and the lung function of children who work in different occupational groups. Methods The study was performed among children attending vocational training centers. The participants were evaluated in six different occupation groups. Chronic cough, wheezing and shortness of breath were evaluated by questionnaire. The association of independent variables with the respiratory symptoms was investigated through both univariate and multivariate methods. Results Among 642 children, 534 were males; the mean age was 17.7,±,1.0 years. Using an internal reference group, the odds ratios of chronic cough were significantly higher in the lathe (OR: 2.0, 95%CI: 1.07,3.74), coiffure (OR: 1.94. 95%CI: 1.01,3.70), and electricity-construction (OR: 2.63, 95%CI: 1.06,6.54) groups after adjustment for smoking, age, gender, and work characteristics. There were no significant differences in spirometric values between occupational groups in either smoking or non-smoking males. In non-smoking females, median values of FEV1 (P: 0.046), PEF (P: 0.005) and FEF25,75% (P: 0.019) were lower in the textile compared to the coiffure group. There was no significant association between the total working time and spirometric values. There was no statistically significant relationship between the work-related factors and the smoking status. Conclusions The prevalence of chronic cough was higher in the lathe, coiffure, and electricity-construction groups and pulmonary function tests were lower in the non-smoking textile female group. Working children should be screened for respiratory symptoms and disease. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:471,478, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Job-related risk of latent tuberculosis infection in a homogeneous population of hospital workers in a low incidence area,AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 4 2009Alberto Franchi MD Abstract Background Few comprehensive tuberculin surveys were carried out in a homogeneous population of health care workers (HCWs) in a low incidence area to assess the risk of tuberculosis (TB) infection by different occupational groups and units. Methods Community and occupational factors and tuberculin skin test (TST) reactivity were determined in 1,755 HCWs. Results The overall prevalence of tuberculin reactivity was 6%. Predicting factors for TST reactivity were age >47 years (OR,=,2.88), history of household TB contact (OR,=,2.41), years of work as HCW (OR,=,2.57), physician (OR,=,1.88), and working in microbiology (OR,=,4.94), dialysis/nephrology (OR,=,2.00), gynecology/obstetrics (OR,=,2.01). In a multiple regression model working in microbiology [OR,=,4.16 (1.27,13.6)], dialysis/nephrology [OR,=,2.52 (1.36,4.65)], gynecology/obstetrics [OR,=,2.46 (1.24,4.86)] and age >47 years [OR,=,1.98 (1.14,3.46)] were significant predictors for infection. Conclusions A higher risk of latent infection can be demonstrated in well-defined groups of HCWs. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:297,303, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Prevalence and impact of musculoskeletal disorders in New Zealand nurses, postal workers and office workersAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 5 2009Helen Harcombe Abstract Objectives: To describe the prevalence, characteristics and impact of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in New Zealand nurses, postal workers and office workers. Methods: A postal survey asked participants about MSDs, (low back, neck, shoulder, elbow, wrist/hand or knee pain lasting longer than one day), and demographic, physical and psychosocial factors. Nurses were randomly selected from the Nursing Council database, postal workers from their employer's database and office workers from the 2005 electoral roll. Results: The response rate of potentially eligible participants was 58% (n=443). Participants were aged 20,59 years; 86% were female. Over the 12 months prior to the survey 88% of respondents had at least one MSD lasting longer than a day and 72% reported an MSD present for at least seven days. Of the 1,003 MSDs reported, 18% required time off work and 24% required modified work duties. In the month prior to the survey 17% of MSDs made functional tasks difficult or impossible. Low back, neck and shoulder pain prevalence did not differ by occupation. Postal workers had the highest prevalence of elbow and wrist/hand pain; nurses of knee pain. Conclusions: The high prevalence of MSDs among these workers indicates that they are indeed in ,at risk' occupations. In each occupational group MSDs encompass a range of anatomical sites, however the overall pattern of MSDs differs by occupation. MSDs have a significant impact on activities at work and home. Implications: Primary and secondary prevention strategies should encompass a range of anatomical sites and specifically target different occupational groups. [source] Job characteristics and the subjective oral health of Australian workersAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 3 2004Anne E. Sanders Objectives: To examine the associations between hours worked, job security, skill maintenance and work and home interference and subjective oral health; and to compare findings for different occupational groups. Methods: Data were collected in 1999 from a random stratified sample of households in all Australian States and Territories using a telephone interview and a questionnaire survey. Subjective oral health was evaluated with the short form Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14), which assesses the adverse impact of oral conditions on quality of life. Results: Data were obtained for 2,347 dentate adults in the workforce. In the 12 months preceding the survey, 51.9% had experienced oral pain and 31.0% reported psychological discomfort from dental problems. Males, young adults, Australian-born workers, and those in upper-white collar occupations reported lower mean OHIP-14 scores (ANOVA p<0.001). Having controlled for the effects sex, age, country of birth and socio-economic factors in a linear multiple regression analysis, hours worked, skill maintenance and work and home interference were significantly associated with OHIP-14 scores for all workers. While part-time work was associated with higher OHIP-14 among upper white-collar workers, working >40 hours a week was associated with higher OHIP-14 scores for other workers. Conclusions: Aspects of the work environment are associated with the subjective oral health of workers. Because these contexts are subject to only limited control by individual workers, their influence is a public health issue. [source] | ||||||||||