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Different Interfaces (different + interface)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Polymers and Materials Science	50%

Selected Abstracts

A Web page that provides map-based interfaces for VRML/X3D content

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN, Issue 2 2009
Yoshihiro Miyake
Abstract The electronic map is very useful for navigation in the VRML/X3D virtual environments. So far various map-based interfaces have been developed. But they are lacking for generality because they have been separately developed for individual VRML/X3D contents, and users must use different interfaces for different contents. Therefore, we have developed a Web page that provides a common map-based interface for VRML/X3D contents on the Web. Users access VRML/X3D contents via the Web page. The Web page automatically generates a simplified map by analyzing the scene graph of downloaded contents, and embeds the mechanism to link the virtual world and the map. An avatar is automatically created and added to the map, and both a user and its avatar are bidirectionally linked together. In the simplified map, obstructive objects are removed and the other objects are replaced by base boxes. This paper proposes the architecture of the Web page and the method to generate simplified maps. Finally, an experimental system is developed in order to show the improvement of frame rates by simplifying the map. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(2): 28,37, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10017 [source]

Original Fuel-Cell Membranes from Crosslinked Terpolymers via a "Sol,gel" Strategy

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 7 2010
Ozlem Sel
Abstract Hybrid organic/inorganic membranes that include a functionalized (-SO3H), interconnected silica network, a non-porogenic organic matrix, and a -SO3H-functionalized terpolymer are synthesized through a sol,gel-based strategy. The use of a novel crosslinkable poly(vinylidene fluoride- ter -perfluoro(4-methyl-3,6-dioxaoct-7-ene sulfonyl fluoride)- ter -vinyltriethoxysilane) (poly(VDF- ter -PFSVE- ter -VTEOS)) terpolymer allows a multiple tuning of the different interfaces to produce original hybrid membranes with improved properties. The synthesized terpolymer and the composite membranes are characterized, and the proton conductivity of a hybrid membrane in the absence of the terpolymer is promising, since 8,mS cm,1 is reached at room temperature, immersed in water, with an experimental ion-exchange-capacity (IECexp) value of 0.4,meq g,1. Furthermore, when the composite membranes contain the interfaced terpolymer, they exhibit both a higher proton conductivity (43,mS cm,1 at 65 °C under 100% relative humidity) and better stability than the standard hybrid membrane, arising from the occurrence of a better interface between the inorganic silica and the poly[(vinylidene fluoride)- co -hexafluoropropylene] (poly(VDF- co -HFP)) copolymer network. Accordingly, the hybrid SiO2 -SO3H/terpolymer/poly(VDF- co -HFP) copolymer membrane has potential use as an electrolyte in a polymer-electrolyte-membrane fuel cell operating at intermediate temperatures. [source]

Characterization via liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detector and tandem mass spectrometry of supercritical fluid antioxidant extracts of Spirulina platensis microalga

JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE, JSS, Issue 9-10 2005
Jose A. Mendiola
Abstract Spirulina platensis microalga has been extracted on a pilot scale plant using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) under various extraction conditions. The extraction yield and the antioxidant activity of the extracts were evaluated in order to select those extracts with both the highest antioxidant capacity and a good extraction yield. These extracts were characterized using LC coupled to diode array detection (DAD) and LC coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) with two different interfaces, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and electrospray (ESI) which allowed us to perform tandem MS by using an ion trap analyzer. The best extraction conditions were as follows: CO2 with 10% of modifier (ethanol) as extraction solvent, 55°C (extraction temperature) and 220 bar (extraction pressure). Fractionation was achieved by cascade depressurization providing two extracts with different activity and chemical composition. Several compounds have been identified in the extracts, corresponding to different carotenoids previously identified in Spirulina platensis microalga along with chlorophyll a and some degradation products. Also, the structure of some phenolic compounds could be tentatively identified. The antioxidant activity of the extracts could be attributed to some of the above mentioned compounds. [source]

Modelling the influence of reactive elements on the work of adhesion between a thermally grown oxide and a bond coat alloy

MATERIALS AND CORROSION/WERKSTOFFE UND KORROSION, Issue 3 2006
I. J. Bennett
Abstract The durability of thermal barrier coating systems is primarily determined by the degree of adhesion between the thermally grown oxide (TGO) and the bond coat. Failure of the TBC is often the result of delamination at this interface. Adhesion can be improved by the addition of reactive elements (RE) to the bond coat alloy. REs include oxide forming elements such as Y, Zr and Hf. The so-called reactive element effect has been attributed to a direct improvement of the bonding between the TGO and the bond coat. A macroscopic atom model has been developed to allow the work of adhesion between two compounds (e.g. an oxide and a metal compound) to be estimated. By calculating the work of adhesion across a number of different interfaces, the influence of reactive elements and impurities present in the substrate can be assessed. It has been found that the REs have a limited direct influence on the work of adhesion and can even result in a weaker interface. A large reduction in the work of adhesion is calculated when S and C are present at the interface. REs have a high affinity for both S and C. This indicates that the RE effect is primarily that of impurity scavenging, preventing diffusion of impurities to the interface. A number of experiments are reported, which demonstrate the RE effect and support the modelling results. [source]