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Different Gene Products (different + gene_products)
Selected AbstractsProteomic mapping of the hyperthermophilic and acidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus P2ELECTROPHORESIS, Issue 14 2006Richard C. Barry Abstract A proteomic map of Sulfolobus solfataricus,P2, an archaeon that grows optimally at 80°C and pH,3.2, was developed using high-resolution 2-DE and peptide mass fingerprinting. A total of 867,protein spots (659,aqueous Tris-soluble spots and 208,aqueous Tris-insoluble) were mapped over IPG,3,10, 4,7, and 6,11, with second-dimensional gels made of 8,18%,polyacrylamide. Three hundred and twenty-four different gene products were represented by the 867,spots, with 274,gene products being identified in the Tris-soluble fractions and 100,gene products in the Tris-insoluble portion. Fifty gene products were found on gels from both fractions. Additionally, an average of 1.50 ± 0.12 isoforms/protein was identified. This mapping study confirmed the expression of proteins involved in numerous metabolic, transport, energy production, nucleic acid replication, translation, and transcription pathways. Of particular interest, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase,(SSO2537) was detected even though the pathway for gluconeogenesis is unknown for this archaeon. Tris-soluble fractions contained many cytosolic proteins while Tris-insoluble fractions contained many membrane-associated proteins, including ABC transporters and an ATP synthase. This study provides an optimized 2-DE approach for investigating the biochemical pathways and post-translational modifications employed by Sulfolobus to survive in its extreme environment. [source] Strain-dependent regulation of neurotransmission and actin-remodelling proteins in the mouse hippocampusGENES, BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR, Issue 2 2006D. D. Pollak Individual mouse strains differ significantly in terms of behaviour, cognitive function and long-term potentiation. Hippocampal gene expression profiling of eight different mouse strains points towards strain-specific regulation of genes involved in neuronal information storage. Protein expression with regard to strain- dependent expression of structures related to neuronal information storage has not been investigated yet. Herein, a proteomic approach based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF) has been chosen to address this question by determining strain-dependent expression of proteins involved in neurotransmission and activity-induced actin remodelling in hippocampal tissue of five mouse strains. Of 31 spots representing 16 different gene products analysed and quantified, N -ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein, N -ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein-,, actin-like protein 3, profilin and cofilin were expressed in a strain-dependent manner. By treating protein expression as a phenotype, we have shown significant genetic variation in brain protein expression. Further experiments in this direction may provide an indication of the genetic elements that contribute to the phenotypic differences between the selected strains through the expressional level of the translated protein. In view of this, we propose that proteomic analysis enabling to concomitantly survey the expression of a large number of proteins could serve as a valuable tool for genetic and physiological studies of central nervous system function. [source] Proteome analysis of chick embryonic cerebrospinal fluidPROTEINS: STRUCTURE, FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS, Issue 1 2006Carolina Parada Abstract During early stages of embryo development, the brain cavity is filled with embryonic cerebrospinal fluid (E-CSF), a complex fluid containing different protein fractions that contributes to the regulation of the survival, proliferation and neurogenesis of the neuroectodermal stem cells. Using 2-DE, protein sequencing and database searches, we identified and analyzed the proteome of the E-CSF from chick embryos (Gallus gallus). We identified 26 different gene products, including proteins related to the extracellular matrix, proteins associated with the regulation of osmotic pressure and metal transport, proteins related to cell survival, MAP kinase activators, proteins involved in the transport of retinol and vitamin D, antioxidant and antimicrobial proteins, intracellular proteins and some unknown proteins. Most of these gene products are involved in the regulation of developmental processes during embryogenesis in systems other than E-CSF. Interestingly, 14 of them are also present in adult human CSF proteome, and it has been reported that they are altered in the CSF of patients suffering neurodegenerative diseases and/or neurological disorders. Understanding these molecules and the mechanisms they control during embryonic neurogenesis is a key contribution to the general understanding of CNS development, and may also contribute to greater knowledge of these human diseases. [source] Vasoconstrictively Acting AT1R A1166C and NOS3 4/5 Polymorphisms in Recurrent Spontaneous Abortions (RSA),AMERICAN JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 5 2004Tina Buchholz Problem:, Inadequate uteroplacental perfusion is one of the main reasons for recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA). Coagulation, fibrinolysis, and vasoconstriction affect tissue perfusion. These systems are regulated by different gene products. Polymorphisms can modulate the expression levels of the respective genes and can thereby affect perfusion. Vasoconstriction is influenced by the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and of the angiotensinogen II type 1 receptor (AT1R). Method:, The aim of our study was to investigate, whether two polymorphisms in the AT1R and NOS3 genes shown to result in maternal vasoconstriction are associated with an increased risk for RSA. Results:, Our data indicate that the vasoconstrictively acting genotypes AT1R C/C and NOS3 4/4 are of similar prevalence in RSA patients and in controls. Conclusion:, Results do not show any influence of the polymorphisms studied on early pregnancy development. This is in concordance with the concept of an independent regulation of placental perfusion. [source] Developmental and light effects on the accumulation of FtsH protease in Arabidopsis chloroplasts , implications for thylakoid formation and photosystem II maintenanceTHE PLANT JOURNAL, Issue 5 2005Adi Zaltsman Summary The chloroplast ATP-dependent metalloprotease FtsH is involved in the degradation of unassembled proteins, the repair of photosystem II (PSII) from photoinhibition, and, apparently, the formation of thylakoids. In Arabidopsis, it is encoded by a family of 12 genes. However, the products of only four of them, FtsH1, 2, 5 and 8, have been found in chloroplasts to date. Mutations in two of these, FtsH2 and 5, demonstrate a visible phenotype of variegated leaves, with the phenotype of the FtsH2 mutant being more pronounced. Moreover, the degree of variegation appears to be dependent on developmental stage and environmental factors, suggesting an intricate relationship between the different gene products. To explore this, developmental and light effects on the accumulation of FtsH protease were studied in wild-type (WT) and FtsH2-mutant plants. Whereas cotyledons of the mutant were indistinguishable from those of the WT, the first true leaves were almost completely white. Subsequent leaves contained increasing proportions of green sectors. Analysis of the mRNA of the four FtsH genes, in cotyledons, first and second leaves of WT and mutant plants, revealed that: (i) transcript level increases during development, and (ii) transcript level in the mutant is higher than in the WT. FtsH protein level in the mutant was ca. 50% of that found in the WT, whereas the levels of other thylakoid proteins were the same. In individual leaves, the level of FtsH protein increased during development as well. Exposure of seedlings to different light intensities did not affect the degree of variegation, suggesting that it is due to a defect in chloroplast development rather than photobleaching. Examination of FtsH protein during exposure to high light revealed a decrease in its level, concomitant with a decrease in PSII potential, suggesting that the kinetics of photoinhibition reflects not only photodamage to PSII and induction of protective mechanisms, but also a decrease in repair capacity due to a reduction in the level of FtsH protease. [source] | ||||||||||