Different Emphases (different + emphasis)

Distribution by Scientific Domains


Selected Abstracts


Workaholism in organizations: concepts, results and future research directions

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT REVIEWS, Issue 1 2000
Ronald J. Burke
This review examines the literature on workaholism in organizations. Although the topic of workaholism has received considerable attention in the popular press, relatively little research has been devoted to increasing our understanding of it. Workaholism is acknowledged to be a stable individual characteristic, though how it is distinguished from other characteristics is often unclear. The review addresses the following areas: types of workaholics, definitions of workaholism, measures of workaholism, the prevalence of workaholism, validating job behaviors, antecedents of workaholism, work outcome consequences, health consequences, extra-work satisfactions and family functioning, evaluating workaholism components, possible gender differences, reducing workaholism and future research directions. Research programs begun by Robinson and his colleagues and by Spence and Robbins, though having different emphases, serve as useful starting points for future research efforts. [source]


Social Exchange in Work Settings: Content, Process, and Mixed Models

MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION REVIEW, Issue 3 2009
Lynn M. Shore
abstract Social exchange theory has provided the dominant basis for understanding exchange relationships in organizational settings. Despite its predominance within the management field, there are a number of unaddressed issues. This special issue seeks to further social exchange research in work settings. We differentiate social from economic exchange and highlight the moderating role of cultural and individual differences in explaining the outcomes associated with social exchange relationships. We introduce the ideas of content, process, and mixed models of exchange to reflect the different emphases given to the amount and type of resources exchanged, the quality of the relationship, and a combination of both. The five papers in this special issue illustrate these models. We discuss the applicability of social exchange theory across cultural contexts and present suggestions for future research. [source]


Internal algorithm variability and among-algorithm discordance in statistical haplotype reconstruction

MOLECULAR ECOLOGY, Issue 8 2009
ZU-SHI HUANG
The potential effectiveness of statistical haplotype inference makes it an area of active exploration over the last decade. There are several complications of statistical inference, including: the same algorithm can produce different solutions for the same data set, which reflects the internal algorithm variability; different algorithms can give different solutions for the same data set, reflecting the discordance among algorithms; and the algorithms per se are unable to evaluate the reliability of the solutions even if they are unique, this being a general limitation of all inference methods. With the aim of increasing the confidence of statistical inference results, consensus strategy appears to be an effective means to deal with these problems. Several authors have explored this with different emphases. Here we discuss two recent studies examining the internal algorithm variability and among-algorithm discordance, respectively, and evaluate the different outcomes of these analyses, in light of Orzack (2009) comment. Until other, better methods are developed, a combination of these two approaches should provide a practical way to increase the confidence of statistical haplotyping results. [source]


Trends and opportunities in the metabolic syndrome

DRUG DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH, Issue 7 2006
John H. "Wick" JohnsonArticle first published online: 16 NOV 200
Abstract Metabolic Syndrome consists of a multifactoral set of indications and, unfortunately, definitions. There is, at present, no consensus definition for Metabolic Syndrome and physicians who recognize the syndrome use different definitions. Some of the major stakeholder associations do not believe that Metabolic Syndrome is an approvable indication and no regulatory agency has weighed in on the matter. This has been the cause of confusion among many physicians resulting in different emphasis on intervention. However, there is close agreement between physicians surveyed in major markets as to the top three indications. The largest unmet medical need among these indications is obesity and obesity represents the largest opportunity. However, any single NCE or combination of existing drugs that can treat 3 indications will be a major advance. Any therapy will be an intervention and will have to have a very clean safety profile. Morbidity and mortality studies with existing therapies and combinations will be needed to establish outcomes. Drug Dev. Res. 67:539,544, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]


Image coding based on wavelet feature vector

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMAGING SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 2 2005
Shinfeng D. Lin
Abstract In this article, an efficient image coding scheme that takes advantages of feature vector in wavelet domain is proposed. First, a multi-stage discrete wavelet transform is applied on the image. Then, the wavelet feature vectors are extracted from the wavelet-decomposed subimages by collecting the corresponding wavelet coefficients. And finally, the image is coded into bit-stream by applying vector quantization (VQ) on the extracted wavelet feature vectors. In the encoder, the wavelet feature vectors are encoded with a codebook where the dimension of codeword is less than that of wavelet feature vector. By this way, the coding system can greatly improve its efficiency. However, to fully reconstruct the image, the received indexes in the decoder are decoded with a codebook where the dimension of codeword is the same as that of wavelet feature vector. Therefore, the quality of reconstructed images can be preserved well. The proposed scheme achieves good compression efficiency by the following three methods. (1) Using the correlation among wavelet coefficients. (2) Placing different emphasis on wavelet coefficients at different decomposing levels. (3) Preserving the most important information of the image by coding the lowest-pass subimage individually. In our experiments, simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the recent VQ-based image coding schemes and wavelet-based image coding techniques, respectively. Moreover, the proposed scheme is also suitable for very low bit rate image coding. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 15, 123,130, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.20045 [source]


ICT Statistics at the New Millennium,Developing Official Statistics,Measuring the Diffusion of ICT and its Impact

INTERNATIONAL STATISTICAL REVIEW, Issue 1 2003
Heli Jeskanen-Sundström
Summary The paper gives a short and very rough overview of the ongoing work in the field of statistics relating to the development of information and communication technology (ICT) and its impacts on the economies and on the society as a whole. It introduces three slightly different approaches with different emphasis on describing the emergence and diffusion of ICT and the respective economic and social change. These are termed the indicators approach, the new economy approach and the intellectual capital approach. The paper also discusses the basic requirements for the establishment of a new statistical system, as well as the present obstacles and problems of this work. Finally, some remarks are presented regarding further statistical co-operation in this field. Résumé Cet exposé donne un aperçu court et très approximatif du travail en cours dans le domaine de la statistique concernant le développement de la technologie de l'information et de la communication (TIC) et ses effets sur les économies et la société dans son ensemble. II propose trois approches un peu différentes, avec une accentuation distincte, sur la description de l'émergence et la diffusion de la TIC et le changement économique and social respectif. Celles-ci sont nommées l'approche des indicateurs, l'approche de la nouvelle économie et l'approché du capital intellectuel. Cet exposé traite également des conditions de base nécessaires pour la création d'un nouveau système statistique ainsi que des obstacles et des problèmes actuellement rencontrés dans ce travail. Enfin, l'exposé présente quelques remarques sur la coopération statistique future dans ce domaine. [source]