Dietary Means (dietary + mean)

Distribution by Scientific Domains


Selected Abstracts


Changes in Expression of the Genes for the Leptin Receptor and the Growth Hormone-Releasing Peptide/Ghrelin Receptor in the Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus with Long-Term Manipulation of Adiposity by Dietary Means

JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY, Issue 6 2005
Y. Kurose
Abstract Changes in leptin and ghrelin levels occur with alterations in adiposity, but signalling may be affected by levels of the relevant receptors. We measured expression of the leptin receptor (Ob-Rb) and the ghrelin/growth hormone releasing peptide receptor (GHS-R) in the arcuate nucleus of sheep held at either high or low levels of adiposity. Plasma growth hormone (GH) levels were lower in Fat animals and higher in Lean animals. Plasma insulin and leptin levels were higher in Fat animals and lower in Lean animals. Frozen hypothalamic sections of arcuate nucleus were extracted and mRNA levels measured for mRNA for Ob-Rb and GHS-R. Gene expression for both Ob-Rb and GHS-R was higher in Lean animals than in Fat animals, with no difference in expression between Fat and Normal animals. A second group of animals (n = 4 per group) was used for double-labelling immunohistochemistry to determine whether the increase in Ob-Rb gene expression was translated into Ob-Rb protein and to ascertain whether this effect is localised to the cells of the arcuate nucleus that produce either neuropeptide Y (NPY) and/or pro-opiomelanocortin-derived peptides. Lean animals displayed a 255% increase in immunoreactive NPY cells (P < 0.005), a 167% increase in cells with Ob-Rb (P < 0.037) protein and a 344% increase in cells that were staining for both NPY and Ob-Rb (P < 0.02). There was no difference between the Normal and Lean animals in the number of cells that were detected with an adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) antibody or the number of ACTH-immunoreactive cells that also stained for Ob-Rb. Finally, we measured plasma ghrelin levels in Normal, Fat and Lean ewes (n = 4/group); levels were higher (P < 0.05) in Fat animals than in Lean animals. We conclude that lowering body weight leads to increased expression of Ob-Rb, ghrelin/GHS-R expression and proportion of NPY cells that express Ob-Rb in the arcuate nucleus. This may be an adaptive mechanism to increase responsivity to both leptin and ghrelin. [source]


Consumption of raw brown onions variably modulate plasma lipid profile and lipoprotein oxidation in pigs fed a high-fat diet

JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 1 2005
Nicholas K Gabler
Abstract This study was undertaken to determine the effects of two commercially available brown onion varieties, ,Cavalier' and ,Destiny', supplemented at two different levels, on blood lipid and oxidative status using the pig as a model. Twenty-five female cross-bred pigs were allocated to one of five dietary treatments that consisted of a high-fat control diet with no onion added, a low onion dose of 10 g onion MJ,1 DE and a high dose of 25 g onion MJ,1 DE for each variety of onion. Supplementation with ,Destiny' onion resulted in a 21% (p < 0.05) reduction in the averaged fasted and postprandial plasma triacylglyceride (TG) measurements taken over the six-week period in comparison with the control pigs. The average fasting and postprandial plasma cholesterol concentrations were significantly reduced by 5.5 and 12.4% in pigs that consumed the low and high dose of ,Destiny' onion, respectively (p < 0.010), while ,Cavalier' was only effective at lowering cholesterol levels by 10% at the lower dose of supplementation. Inhibition in the rate of serum lipoprotein oxidation, measured as lag time, was increased by 23% (p < 0.05) in plasma obtained from pigs that consumed ,Cavalier' compared with the control and ,Destiny' onion diets. These data indicate that onion consumption level may provide a dietary means of manipulating some of the risk indices associated with coronary heart disease, but the responses varied with type and dose of onion. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry [source]


Dietary sources of lignans and isoflavones modulate responses to estradiol in estrogen reporter mice

MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH (FORMERLY NAHRUNG/FOOD), Issue 8 2009
Pauliina E. Penttinen-Damdimopoulou
Abstract Dietary phytoestrogens, such as the lignan metabolite enterolactone (ENL) and the isoflavone genistein (GEN), are suggested to modulate the risk of estrogen-dependent disease (e.g., breast cancer) through regulation of estrogen signaling. However, the effects of complex food items containing lignans or isoflavones on estrogen receptor (ER) transactivation have not been assessed so far. In this study, the modulation of ER-mediated signaling by dietary sources of lignans (cereals and flaxseed) and isoflavones (soy) was studied in vivo. Adult ovariectomized 3×ERE-luciferase (luc) reporter mice received isocaloric diets supplemented with flaxseed, rye, wheat, or soy for 40 h or two weeks, and an additional group of mice was challenged with 17,-estradiol (E2) following the two-week dietary intervention. In non-E2 -treated mice, soy diet induced luc expression in liver, mammary gland, and pituitary gland while the other diets had no effects. Interestingly, all diets modulated the E2 -induced luc expression. In particular rye diet efficiently reduced E2 -induced luc expression as well as uterine growth, the hallmark of estrogen action in vivo. It is concluded that dietary sources of lignans and isoflavones can modulate estrogen signaling in vivo. The results suggest intriguing possibilities for the modulation of the risk of estrogen-dependent diseases by dietary means. [source]


Food-induced antisecretory factor activity is correlated with small bowel length in patients with intestinal resections

APMIS, Issue 10 2003
STEFAN LANGE
Specially processed cereals (SPC) can increase antisecretory factor (AF) activity in humans with an intact intestine. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether AF synthesis could be induced in patients who had been subjected to intestinal resections. Eight patients with varying extents of intestinal resections due to Crohn's disease and six healthy controls participated. All subjects received 54 g SPC daily for 2 weeks. Plasma AF activity was determined before, during and after the treatment period. Baseline diet and medications were kept unchanged. The patients registered the daily number of bowel movements. The SPC diet increased AF activity in all controls. In the patients there was a significant correlation between the length of the remaining small intestine and AF induction (r=0.94, p<0.01) and only those patients with a remaining small intestine of about 3 m reached AF values comparable to those in healthy subjects. It is concluded that small bowel length is related to the ability of humans to induce AF activity by dietary means. [source]