Dietary Cholesterol (dietary + cholesterol)

Distribution by Scientific Domains


Selected Abstracts


A minipig model of high-fat/high-sucrose diet-induced diabetes and atherosclerosis

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY, Issue 4 2004
Shoumin Xi
Summary Type 2 diabetes is a major risk factor of the development of atherosclerosis in humans. However, studies examining mechanisms underlying diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis have been limited by the lack of suitable humanoid animal models. Pigs have a cardiovascular system that is very similar to that of humans and is useful as a model for human physiology and pathophysiology. In this study, we established a new miniature pig model for studying dyslipidaemia and atherosclerosis in diabetes. Chinese Guizhou minipigs were fed a normal control diet or a high-fat/high-sucrose diet (HFSD) for 6 months. Plasma total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), insulin and glucose were quantified at monthly intervals. The induction of insulin resistance and dysfunction of the pancreatic ,-cell were assessed by oral glucose tolerance test and insulin sensitivity test. The aortic fatty streak lesions were quantified following lipid staining with Sudan IV. During the feeding period, mild high plasma TC and TG were induced. At the end of 6 months, in HFSD-fed animals, the adipocytes were hypertrophic, fat deposit in the liver was observed, loss of pancreatic ,-cells was observed, and the aortic fatty streak lesions were clearly present in the animals' aortas. Our study established that miniature pigs that were fed a HFSD without adding dietary cholesterol developed insulin resistance, mild diabetes and atherosclerotic lesions. HFSD-fed miniature pigs may be good animal models for research on the treatment of diabetic dyslipidaemia complicated with atherosclerosis. [source]


Inhibition of intestinal absorption of cholesterol by surface-modified nanostructured aluminosilicate compounds

JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, Issue 7 2009
Pavel Gershkovich
Abstract The aim of this work was to assess the ability of aqueous suspensions of surface-modified nanostructured aluminosilicate (NSAS) compounds to reduce the intestinal absorption of cholesterol in a rat model. The rats were divided into 10 treatment groups which included several NSAS compounds at various doses, ezetimibe at 10 mg/kg, stigmastanol at 50 mg/kg, and normal saline. All compounds and controls were independently administered by oral gavage and then a mixture of [3H]cholesterol and cold cholesterol in 10% Intralipid® was immediately administered orally to the animals. Systemic blood was sampled and the concentration of cholesterol in plasma was determined by means of radioactivity. Protonation of NSAS using an ion-exchange column resulted in significant inhibition of cholesterol absorption relative to the control group (31.5% and 38.6% reduction in absorption of cholesterol for 50 and 100 mg/kg doses, respectively). Other surface-ion modifications of NSAS compounds did not show significant effect on intestinal cholesterol absorption. The inhibition of cholesterol absorption by ezetimibe was superior and by stigmastanol was equal to the effect of protonated NSAS in the doses investigated in this study. In conclusion, protonated NSAS material seems to inhibit significantly the intestinal absorption of dietary cholesterol in a rat model. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 98:2390,2400, 2009 [source]


The effect of elevated dietary cholesterol on pulmonary surfactant function in adolescent mice

PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY, Issue 5 2008
K.C. McCrae PhD
Abstract It has been established that phospholipids and cholesterol interact in films of pulmonary surfactant (PS). Generally it is thought that phospholipids increase film stability whereas cholesterol increases film fluidity. To study this further, we modified dietary cholesterol in mice which received either standard rodent lacking cholesterol (sd), or high cholesterol (2%) diet (hc) for 1 month. Phospholipid stability was investigated by a capillary surfactometer (CS), which measures airflow resistance and patency. PS was collected by bronchiolar lavage and centrifuged to obtain the surface-active film (SAF). Results showed that the hc-SAF had significantly more cholesterol than sd-SAF. CS analyses at 37°C showed no significance differences in airflow resistance between hc-SAF and sd-SAF. However, at 37°C, sd-SAF showed greater ability to maintain patency compared to hc-SAF, whereas at 42°C hc-SAF showed patency ability similar to sd-SAF. The results suggested that increased cholesterol in hc-SAF induced less stability in the SAF possibly due to cholesterol's fluidizing effect on phospholipids at physiological temperatures. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:426,434. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]


Interactive effects of dietary cholesterol and protein sources on growth performance and cholesterol metabolism of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

AQUACULTURE NUTRITION, Issue 4 2010
J. DENG
Abstract A feeding trial was conducted to compare the effects of supplemental cholesterol in fish meal (FM), fish protein concentrate (FPC), soy protein isolate (SPI) and soy protein concentrate (SPC)-based diets on growth performance and plasma lipoprotein levels of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Eight isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets including FM, FPC, SPI or SPC as sole protein source with or without supplementation with 10 g cholesterol kg,1 diet were fed to juvenile fish for 8 weeks. Dietary cholesterol supplementation significantly increased the feed intake and specific growth rate in fish fed SPI-based diets, but decreased those in fish fed FPC-based diets. In addition, cholesterol supplementation significantly increased the level of cholesterol and ratio of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma of fish fed fish protein-based diets, whereas no effects were observed in fish fed soy protein-based diets. The hepatic lipid content of fish fed FPC-, SPI- or SPC-based diets were significantly increased by supplemental cholesterol, but no influence was observed in fish fed FM-based diets. These results suggested that dietary protein source modify the growth-stimulating action of cholesterol; cholesterol supplementation may increase the arteriosclerotic lesion in fish fed fish protein-based diets and the incidence of fatty liver in fish fed soy protein-based diets. [source]


Assessment of dietary lecithin and cholesterol requirements of mud crab, Scylla serrata, megalopa using semi-purified microbound diets

AQUACULTURE NUTRITION, Issue 6 2007
M.-H. HOLME
Abstract The effects of varying dietary lecithin and cholesterol levels on growth, development and survival of mud crab, Scylla serrata, megalopa were evaluated using six semi-purified, microbound diets formulated to be iso-energetic and containing three levels of supplemental lecithin (0, 20 and 40 g kg,1 diet dry weight) and two levels of supplemental cholesterol (0 and 7 g kg,1 diet dry weight). Fifteen megalopa were reared individually in each treatment and the nutritional value of diets was assessed on basis of mean dry weight and mean carapace width of newly settled first crab stage, as well as development time to the first crab stage and overall survival. A significant interaction between supplemental dietary lecithin and supplemental dietary cholesterol was found for final mean dry weight of newly settled crabs, and highest survival (60%) was recorded for megalopa fed diets containing the highest levels of dietary lecithin (39.7,44.1 g kg,1) (diet 5 and 6) regardless of whether diets were supplemented with cholesterol; this rate of survival was identical to that of megalopa fed live Artemia nauplii. The results indicate that supplemental dietary cholesterol may not be essential for mud crab megalopa when fed diets containing sufficient levels of supplemental dietary phospholipids. [source]


Effects of an exopolysaccharide (kefiran) on lipids, blood pressure, blood glucose, and constipation

BIOFACTORS, Issue 1-4 2004
Hiroaki Maeda
Abstract Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens was reported to produce an exopolysaccharide named kefiran. In the present study, we developed a new medium, rice hydrolyzate (RH) medium, for the culture of L. kefiranofaciens. Structural analyses revealed that the exopolysaccharide produced by L. kefiranofaciens from RH medium was composed of a hexasaccharide repeating unit, and essentially identical to the kefiran reported in previous studies. A study on the effects of kefiran in animals demonstrated that kefiran significantly suppressed increase of blood pressure and reduced the serum cholesterol levels in SHRSP/Hos rats when subjects consumed excessive dietary cholesterol. Kefiran supplementation demonstrated the ability to significantly lower blood glucose in KKAy mice. In addition, the administration of kefiran in constipated SD rats caused an obvious improvement in the levels of fecal moisture and wet weights of feces. These results suggest that kefiran could be used as a functional food to prevent some commonly occurring diseases. [source]