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Dietary Calcium (dietary + calcium)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences72%
Life Sciences22%

Terms modified by Dietary Calcium

  • dietary calcium intake
    		•

    Selected Abstracts

    Exercise, Dietary Calcium, and Bone Gain in Girls and Young Adult Women

    JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, Issue 8 2000
    John J. B. Anderson
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    Dietary Calcium and Dairy Modulation of Adiposity and Obesity Risk

    NUTRITION REVIEWS, Issue 4 2004
    Michael B. Zemel Ph.D.
    Dietary calcium plays a key role in the regulation of energy metabolism and obesity risk. This appears to be mediated primarily by dietary calcium modulation of circulating calcitriol, which in turn regulates adipocyte intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i). Increased [Ca2]i stimulates lipogenic gene expression and activity and inhibits lipolysis, resulting in increased adipocyte lipid accumulation. Since calcitriol stimulates adipocyte Ca2+ influx, low calcium diets promote adiposity, while dietary calcium-suppression of calcitriol reduces adiposity. These concepts are confirmed in controlled rodent studies as well as by epidemiological and clincial trial data, all of which confirm protection from obesity with high calcium intakes. Moreover, dairy sources of calcium exert markedly greater effects which are most likely attributable to additional bioactive compounds in dairy which act synergistically with calcium to attenuate adiposity. [source]

    The effects of low dietary calcium during egg-laying on eggshell formation and skeletal calcium reserves in the Zebra Finch Taeniopygia guttata

    IBIS, Issue 2 2001
    S. JAMES REYNOLDS
    Many small passerines forage intensively for calcium-rich foods during laying. Increased incidences of shell defects in eggs of small passerines have been reported, particularly in western Europe, and these have been explained in terms of declining calcium availability in soils, resulting from prolonged anthropogenic acid deposition. Studies in the field have provided laying birds, nesting in areas of low calcium availability, with calcium supplements. An alternative approach was adopted in this study by allowing captive Zebra Finches Taeniopygia guttata to lay first clutches on ad libitum calcium, switching them to a low calcium diet for 72 hours for the formation of all but the first egg of the second clutch and reinstating ad libitum calcium for the final clutch. Control females had access to ad libitumcalcium for all three clutches. Clutch sizes did not vary significantly between birds on low calcium and controls. The former took over three days longer to lay clutch 3 than did controls but the difference was not statistically significant. Birds on low calcium laid eggs that declined in shell ash mass with laying sequence, indicating that birds may have been calcium-limited. Although not statistically significant, eggshell thickness also declined with laying sequence in clutches laid by females on low calcium. The remaining egg measurements (shell mass, shell surface area and volume] of clutches laid by birds on low calcium did not differ significantly from those of controls. Furthermore, females on low calcium did not resort to skeletal reserves to provide sufficient calcium for egg formation. Dietary calcium appears to be of paramount importance in providing sufficient calcium for clutch formation. [source]

    Dietary Calcium and Dairy Modulation of Adiposity and Obesity Risk

    NUTRITION REVIEWS, Issue 4 2004
    Michael B. Zemel Ph.D.
    Dietary calcium plays a key role in the regulation of energy metabolism and obesity risk. This appears to be mediated primarily by dietary calcium modulation of circulating calcitriol, which in turn regulates adipocyte intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i). Increased [Ca2]i stimulates lipogenic gene expression and activity and inhibits lipolysis, resulting in increased adipocyte lipid accumulation. Since calcitriol stimulates adipocyte Ca2+ influx, low calcium diets promote adiposity, while dietary calcium-suppression of calcitriol reduces adiposity. These concepts are confirmed in controlled rodent studies as well as by epidemiological and clincial trial data, all of which confirm protection from obesity with high calcium intakes. Moreover, dairy sources of calcium exert markedly greater effects which are most likely attributable to additional bioactive compounds in dairy which act synergistically with calcium to attenuate adiposity. [source]

    Dietary magnesium did not affect calcium and phosphorus content in juvenile grouper, Epinephelus coioides

    AQUACULTURE NUTRITION, Issue 4 2010
    C.-X. YE
    Abstract Most of magnesium (Mg) in fish is located in the bone. Dietary calcium (Ca) and phosphorous (P) has been reported to affect scales and vertebrae Mg dramatically in juvenile grouper, but the effect of dietary Mg on tissue Ca and P is unknown. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary Mg supplement on growth, feed efficiency, morphometry, and the ash and Ca, P, sodium (Na) content in scales and vertebrae of juvenile grouper. Seven experimental diets were formulated to contain graded levels of Mg by supplementing the basal diet with 0, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000 and 2000 mg kg,1 Mg in the form of Mg sulphate (MgSO4·7H2O). Juvenile grouper with an initial body weight of 11.8 ± 0.1 g were fed to apparent satiation twice per day for 10 weeks. Dietary Mg supplement had no significant effect on growth, feed efficiency, and Mg concentration in scales and vertebrae of grouper, which indicates the Mg requirement of grouper was met in fish fed the basal diet. Mg supplements had significant effect on morphometry index such as body length, condition factor, viscera somatic index and mesenteric fat index. Extra dietary Mg supplement to the basal diet had no negative effect on ash, Ca and P concentrations in scales and vertebrae. [source]

    The effects of low dietary calcium during egg-laying on eggshell formation and skeletal calcium reserves in the Zebra Finch Taeniopygia guttata

    IBIS, Issue 2 2001
    S. JAMES REYNOLDS
    Many small passerines forage intensively for calcium-rich foods during laying. Increased incidences of shell defects in eggs of small passerines have been reported, particularly in western Europe, and these have been explained in terms of declining calcium availability in soils, resulting from prolonged anthropogenic acid deposition. Studies in the field have provided laying birds, nesting in areas of low calcium availability, with calcium supplements. An alternative approach was adopted in this study by allowing captive Zebra Finches Taeniopygia guttata to lay first clutches on ad libitum calcium, switching them to a low calcium diet for 72 hours for the formation of all but the first egg of the second clutch and reinstating ad libitum calcium for the final clutch. Control females had access to ad libitumcalcium for all three clutches. Clutch sizes did not vary significantly between birds on low calcium and controls. The former took over three days longer to lay clutch 3 than did controls but the difference was not statistically significant. Birds on low calcium laid eggs that declined in shell ash mass with laying sequence, indicating that birds may have been calcium-limited. Although not statistically significant, eggshell thickness also declined with laying sequence in clutches laid by females on low calcium. The remaining egg measurements (shell mass, shell surface area and volume] of clutches laid by birds on low calcium did not differ significantly from those of controls. Furthermore, females on low calcium did not resort to skeletal reserves to provide sufficient calcium for egg formation. Dietary calcium appears to be of paramount importance in providing sufficient calcium for clutch formation. [source]

    Calcium Accretion in Girls and Boys During Puberty: A Longitudinal Analysis

    JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, Issue 11 2000
    Donald A. Bailey
    Abstract The primary purpose of this study was to estimate the magnitude and variability of peak calcium accretion rates in the skeletons of healthy white adolescents. Total-body bone mineral content (BMC) was measured annually on six occasions by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA; Hologic 2000, array mode), a BMC velocity curve was generated for each child by a cubic spline fit, and peak accretion rates were determined. Anthropometric measures were collected every 6 months and a 24-h dietary recall was recorded two to three times per year. Of the 113 boys and 115 girls initially enrolled in the study, 60 boys and 53 girls who had peak height velocity (PHV) and peak BMC velocity values were used in this longitudinal analysis. When the individual BMC velocity curves were aligned on the age of peak bone mineral velocity, the resulting mean peak bone mineral accrual rate was 407 g/year for boys (SD, 92 g/year; range, 226,651 g/year) and 322 g/year for girls (SD, 66 g/year; range, 194,520 g/year). Using 32.2% as the fraction of calcium in bone mineral, as determined by neutron activation analysis (Ellis et al., J Bone Miner Res 1996;11:843-848), these corresponded to peak calcium accretion rates of 359 mg/day for boys (81 mg/day; 199,574 mg/day) and 284 mg/day for girls (58 mg/day; 171,459 mg/day). These longitudinal results are 27,34% higher than our previous cross-sectional analysis in which we reported mean values of 282 mg/day for boys and 212 mg/day for girls (Martin et al., Am J Clin Nutr 1997;66:611-615). Mean age of peak calcium accretion was 14.0 years for the boys (1.0 years; 12.0-15.9 years), and 12.5 years for the girls (0.9 years; 10.5-14.6 years). Dietary calcium intake, determined as the mean of all assessments up to the age of peak accretion was 1140 mg/day (SD, 392 mg/day) for boys and 1113 mg/day (SD, 378 mg/day) for girls. We estimate that 26% of adult calcium is laid down during the 2 adolescent years of peak skeletal growth. This period of rapid growth requires high accretion rates of calcium, achieved in part by increased retention efficiency of dietary calcium. [source]

    Effects of specific nutrients on periodontal disease onset, progression and treatment

    JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 7 2003
    Rodrigo F. Neiva
    Abstract Objectives: The aim of this paper is to review the available literature pertaining to the effects of specific nutritional elements (e.g. vitamin B-complex, vitamin C and dietary calcium) on general wound healing, periodontal disease status and response to periodontal therapy. Methods: Critical appraisal of various studies that have evaluated the effects of calcium, ascorbic acid and vitamin B-complex in wound healing and periodontal treatment. Results: Periodontal disease onset, progression and response to therapeutic interventions have been shown to be influenced by several systemic, local and environmental modifying factors. Nutritional supplementation has been suggested as a possible influencing factor on periodontal status and wound healing. Several studies have reported various degrees of association between nutritional elements/supplements and periodontal status, and others have reported possible positive influences of nutritional supplementation on periodontal therapeutic outcomes. Future research needs to more fully explore the presence and strength of association between nutrition and periodontal health. Conclusions: Data collected from the literature suggests that nutrient supplementation causes minimal or no side effects. However, the efficacy of prophylactic nutrient supplementation for the prevention of the onset and progression of periodontal disease, or for the enhancement of periodontal wound healing, remains to be determined. Zusammenfassung Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass der Beginn, der Verlauf und das Ansprechen auf therapeutische Intervention parodontaler Erkrankungen durch verschiedene modifizierende systemische, lokale und Umweltfaktoren beeinflusst werden. Ergänzungen zur Ernährung wurden als mögliche Einflussfaktoren für den parodontalen Status und die Wundheilung diskutiert. Diese Arbeit gibt eine Übersicht über die verfügbare Literatur zum Einfluss spezieller Elemente der Ernährung (z.B. Vitamin-B-Komplex, Vitamin C und Kalzium) auf die generelle Wundheilung, parodontale Erkrankungen sowie das Ansprechen auf parodontale Therapie. Verschiedene Studien haben über Zusammenhänge zwischen Elementen der Nahrung bzw. Ernährungsergänzungen und dem parodontalen Status berichtet. Andere berichten über mögliche positive Einflüsse von Ernährungsergänzungen auf das Ergebnis parodontaler Therapie. Besonderer Wert wird auf die kritische Bewertung der vorhandenen Studien gelegt und es werden Empfehlungen für zukünftigen Forschungsbedarf gegeben, um die Existenz und Ausprägung von Zusammenhängen zwischen Ernährung und parodontaler Gesundheit vollständig zu erfassen. Daten, die aus der Literatur gesammelt wurden, legen den Schluss nahe, dass eine Ergänzung der Ernährung minimale oder keine Nebenwirkungen hat. Allerdings die Wirksamkeit einer prophylaktischen Ernährungsergänzung für die Prävention der Entstehung und Progression von Parodontitis oder die Verbesserung der parodontalen Wundheilung muss noch bestimmt werden. Résumé L'apparition, la progression et la réponse de la maladie parodontale aux interventions thérapeutiques sont influencées par différents facteurs systémiques locaux et environnementaux. L'apport supplémentaire de substances nutritives a été suggéré comme facteur influençant l'état parodontal et la guérison. Cette étude revoit la littérature concernant les effets des éléments nutritionnels spécifiques comme le complexe vitaminique-B, le vitamine-C et le calcium diététique sur la guérison en général, l'état de la maladie parodontale et la réponse au traitement parodontal. Différentes études ont rapporté différents degrés d'association entre les éléments/suppléments nutritifs et l'état parodontal, et d'autres ont rapporté des influences positives possibles des suppléments nutritionnels sur la guérison thérapeutique parodontale. L'importance est axée sur l'appréciation critique d'études disponibles et sur une recommandation en recherches futures pour explorer davantage la présence et la force de l'association entre la nutrition et la santé parodontale. Des données collectées de la littérature suggèrent que l'apport de suppléments nutritifs n'est suivi que de peu ou pas d'effets secondaires. Cependant, l'efficacité d'un supplément nutritif prophylactique pour la prévention primaire et de la progression de la maladie parodontale, ou pour l'augmentation de la guérison parodontale reste à déterminer. [source]

    Dietary fiber, low-molecular-weight food constituents and colo-rectal inflammation in animal models , A review

    MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH (FORMERLY NAHRUNG/FOOD), Issue 10 2009
    Dieter Schrenk
    Abstract This review provides an overview over studies in experimental animals aimed at elucidating the influence of dietary constituents on colo-rectal inflammation. Human studies as well as in vitro investigations will not be covered. In experimental animals, a variety of chemical treatments and genetic modifications, lead to various types of gut inflammation. In a number of these models, there is good evidence for an anti-inflammatory action of dietary tocopherols, certain polyphenols, and curcumin at relatively high oral doses. It has also been established, that oral application of fats and oils rich in n-3 PUFAs and/or conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) can attenuate certain types of colitis in experimental animal models. While the effect of dietary calcium on experimental colitis is less clear, there are hints indicating that certain high-fiber diets or diets rich in digestion-resistant carbohydrates ("fiber") can attenuate experimental colitis in animals, although contradictory results have been reported. In summary, the anti-inflammatory potency of dietary constituents on colon inflammation in experimental animals seems to be rather limited. The reasons for this lack of activity seem to be manifold including pharmacokinetic limitations and intestinal degradation of the compounds, in particular insufficient local, i. e., intra- or sub-mucosal levels of the effective compounds, and general limitations of animal models. [source]

    Calcium and Exercise Affect the Growing Skeleton

    NUTRITION REVIEWS, Issue 11 2005
    Jo M. Welch PhD
    Adequate dietary calcium and bone-stimulating exercise during growth are known to affect skeletal development, but the combined effects of dietary calcium and osteogenic exercise have received scant attention. Animal research has showed a compensatory effect of impact loading on calcium-deprived bones, while various human studies have suggested compensatory, additive, or possibly synergistic effects in certain skeletal locations. Current evidence suggests that the best strategy for strong bones by the end of childhood may be either high-impact exercise with a moderate or greater calcium intake or a combination of moderate-impact exercise and adequate calcium during growth. [source]

    Diet and prostate cancer risk with specific focus on dairy products and dietary calcium: A case,control study

    THE PROSTATE, Issue 10 2010
    Sara Raimondi
    Abstract BACKGROUND Despite the prevalence of prostate cancer worldwide, only a few risk factors have been well-established. The role of diet, especially of dairy products, in the etiology of prostate cancer is still controversial. METHODS This study assessed the association of dietary components, particularly dairy products and dietary calcium, on prostate cancer risk in a case,control study of 197 cases and an equal number of individually matched controls recruited in Montreal, Canada. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was administered in which the usual consumption frequency and amounts consumed of more than 200 food items were recorded. RESULTS We found a twofold increased risk of prostate cancer associated with an increased intake of dairy products {Odds Ratio (OR),=,2.19; 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) 1.22,3.94}. A significant trend of decreasing prostate cancer risk with higher intake was found for legumes, nuts, finfish/shellfish and for ,-tocopherol after adjustment for calcium intake. Milk was the only dairy product significantly associated with prostate cancer risk, with OR,=,2.27; 95% CI (1.25,4.09) for the highest versus lowest quartiles of consumption. Calcium, the main micronutrient contained in dairy products, showed only a borderline association with prostate cancer risk (P,=,0.09), with slightly higher risk for higher calcium intake. In conclusion, this study supports the hypothesis that dairy products, especially milk, are involved in the etiology of prostate cancer. However, the mechanisms by which the various nutrients in dairy products and total diet may interact to influence this risk remain unknown. Prostate 70: 1054,1065, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

    Preventing Fractures in Large Rural Centres: Sociodemographic Sub-Groups at Risk of Osteoporosis from their Lifestyle

    AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH, Issue 6 2000
    Hedley G. Peach
    ABSTRACT Middle-aged people living in non-metropolitan Victoria have higher hospitalisation rates from osteoporotic fractures than those in metropolitan areas. This may reflect a higher prevalence of lifestyle risk factors for osteoporosis. One-fifth of Victoria's non-metropolitan population live in ,large rural centres'. The aim of the present study was to identify the sociodemographic sub-groups in a ,large rural centre' at risk of osteoporosis because of their lifestyle. Adults on Ballarat's electoral rolls were invited to complete a questionnaire and have their height and weight measured. A total of 335 eligible people participated in the present study (67% response). The sub-groups at risk of osteoporosis were identified using logistic regression analyses. Among women, being single/separated/divorced/ widowed was associated with being underweight and having low dietary calcium. A lack of exercise was associated with not completing high school and smoking with being aged 25,44 years. Among men, low dietary calcium was associated with not completing high school and smoking was associated with being employed in a non-professional/ non-managerial occupation. These sub-groups must be considered when planning preventative strategies for people in ,large rural centres'. [source]

    PREVENTING FRACTURES IN LARGE RURAL CENTRES: SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC SUB-GROUPS AT RISK OF OSTEOPOROSIS FROM THEIR LIFESTYLE

    AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH, Issue 6 2000
    Hedley G. Peach
    ABSTRACT: Middle-aged people living in non-metropolitan Victoria have higher hospitalisation rates from osteoporotic fractures than those in metropolitan areas. This may reflect a higher prevalence of lifestyle risk factors for osteoporosis. One-fifth of Victoria's non-metropolitan population live in ,large rural centres'. The aim of the present study was to identify the sociodemographic sub-groups in a ,large rural centre' at risk of osteoporosis because of their lifestyle. Adults on Ballarat's electoral rolls were invited to complete a questionnaire and have their height and weight measured. A total of 335 eligible people participated in the present study (67% response). The sub-groups at risk of osteoporosis were identified using logistic regression analyses. Among women, being single/separated/divorced/ widowed was associated with being underweight and having low dietary calcium. A lack of exercise was associated with not completing high school and smoking with being aged 25,44 years. Among men, low dietary calcium was associated with not completing high school and smoking was associated with being employed in a non-professional/ non-managerial occupation. These sub-groups must be considered when planning preventative strategies for people in ,large rural centres'. [source]

    Sex steroids, ANGELS and osteoporosis

    BIOESSAYS, Issue 3 2003
    Jonathan G. Moggs
    Osteoporosis is characterized by reduced bone density and strength. Bone mass peaks between age 30 and 40 and then declines. This can be accelerated by factors including menopause and insufficient dietary calcium. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is currently the standard treatment for osteoporosis. However, growing concern over potential side effects of HRT has driven a search for alternative therapies. A recent report1 reveals a potential alternative to HRT: a gender-neutral synthetic steroid that increases bone mass and strength without affecting reproductive organs. This compound acts via a novel extranuclear sex steroid receptor signaling mechanism that has important implications for nuclear receptor biology and human health. BioEssays 25:195,199, 2003. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source]