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Diastolic Diameter (diastolic + diameter)
Selected AbstractsFish Oil Supplementation Improves Left Ventricular Function in Children With Idiopathic Dilated CardiomyopathyCONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, Issue 6 2007Seref Olgar MD Fish oil has a cardioprotective effect in adults with ischemic heart disease. The authors examined the effects of fish oil in children with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Eighteen DCM patients (group I) and 12 healthy children (group III) were given fish oil (10 mL/d). Their cardiac findings were compared with those of 11 patients with DCM who did not receive fish oil (group II). After 6.62±1.70 months, left ventricular ejection fraction had increased by 8.44%±3.80% (P<.05), in group I; 2.48%±3.85% (not statistically significant) in group II; and 0.84%±2.34% (not statistically significant) in group III. Left ventricular internal diastolic diameter (mm) was reduced by 4.36±4.86 (P=.001) in group I and 1.92±5.37 (P=.263) in group II, but increased by 0.22±2.54 (not statistically significant) in group III. The results suggest that fish oil leads to accelerated improvement of left ventricular function. The authors believe that if these results are confirmed in larger studies, fish oil should be added to the standard anticongestive therapy of children with DCM. [source] Echocardiographic Follow-Up of Patients with Takayasu's Arteritis: Five-Year SurvivalECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Issue 5 2006María Elena Soto M.D, Ms.Sc. Takayasu's arteritis (TA) is a primary vasculitis that causes stenosis or occlusion, rarely aneurysm and distal ischemia. This study was undertaken to examine cardiovascular damage using echocardiography and determine the causes of morbid-mortality in Mexican Mestizo patients with TA. Seventy-six patients were studied by transthoracic echocardiography. Left ventricular diameters, parietal thickness, systolic function, and wall motion were analyzed, also, valvular lesions and aorta features were assessed. Thickness of the interventricular septum was 12 mm ± 3 (8,19), and that of posterior wall was 12 mm ± 2 (9,18). The average left ventricular diastolic diameter was 47 mm ± 7 (33,68) and the left ventricular systolic diameter 32 mm ± 8 (16,64). The left ventricular ejection fraction was of 57 ± 11%. Left ventricular concentric hypertrophy was found in 28 (50%) of the 56 hypertensive patients. The five-year survival of patients with left ventricular concentric hypertrophy was 80%, compared to 95% in patients without hypertrophy (P = 0.00). Abnormal wall motion was found in 15 patients. Thirty-one patients had aortic regurgitation, 19 had mitral regurgitation, 13 had tricuspid regurgitation, and 10 and pulmonary hypertension. Six patients had aneurysms of ascending aorta and 7 stenosis of descending aorta. Thirteen of 76 patients died (17%), 85% were hypertensive, and 9% also had acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Echocardiography, a noninvasive technique, shows a great utility in detection and follow-up of cardiovascular manifestations in patients with TA. New techniques, more sensitive toward detecting the early stages of left ventricular dysfunction, are promising to limit left ventricular hypertrophy development. [source] Neurohormonal and Circulatory Effects of Short-Term Treatment with Enalapril and Quinapril in Dogs with Asymptomatic Mitral RegurgitationJOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 5 2005Sophia Gry Moesgaard The aim of the study was to compare the effect of 2 angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors on neurohormonal and circulatory variables in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCSs) with asymptomatic mitral regurgitation (MR). Ten CKCSs with mild to severe untreated MR were treated with 2 ACE inhibitors, quinapril and enalapril (each at 0.5 mg/kg PO q24h for 7 days), in a double-blind, crossover study with a washout period of 7 days between treatments. Blood samples were drawn and echocardiography was performed on days 0, 7, 14, and 21. Both treatments reduced ACE activity (P < .001) and increased renin activity (P < .001) and atrial natriuretic peptide concentration (P < .005). The ACE inhibitors had no effect on the concentrations of nitrate and nitrite (NOx) or asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). On day 0, a lower NOx concentration (P= .02) was found in samples taken in the clinic as compared to samples taken in the homes of the dogs. Quinapril caused a significant reduction in more variables that reflect the severity of MR (eg, jet size and left ventricular end diastolic diameter) than did enalapril. However, in terms of specific variables, no significant difference was identified between the effects of the 2 treatments on MR. These results suggest that ACE inhibitors do not affect NOx and ADMA concentrations in asymptomatic dogs, but exercise, stress, or some combination may influence NOx concentrations in these dogs. [source] Which Patients with Congestive Heart Failure May Benefit from Biventricular Pacing?PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 1p2 2003NESTOR O. GALIZIO GALIZIO, N.O., et al.: Which Patients with Congestive Heart Failure May Benefit from Biventricular Pacing?Background: Biventricular pacing improves the clinical status and ventricular function in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and intraventricular conduction delay. However, patient selection criteria including NYHA functional class, rhythm, PR interval, QRS duration (QRSd), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular diastolic diameter (LVDD), and other variables are not clearly defined. Objective: To determine which and how many patients referred for an initial cardiac transplantation evaluation may be eligible for biventricular pacing (BP) according to the criteria of recently completed trials of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Methods: This was a retrospective review of 200 patients, whose mean age was51 ± 13years (173 men). Sinus rhythm was present in 88% of the patients, 107 had a QRSd >120 ms, and 38% had left bundle branch block. LVDD was72.5 ± 12 mmand LVEF21.7 ± 9.3%; 54% had mitral regurgitation. Results: When NYHA class, electrocardiographic, and ventricular function criteria were considered separately, a high proportion of patients appeared to be candidates for CRT: 70.5% were in NYHA functional class III/IV, 34% had QRSd ,150 ms, 60% had LVDD ,60 mm and 53.5% LVEF ,35%. However, the proportions of patients eligible for CRT were different according to the selection criteria of recently completed trials: 18% of the patients with InSync criteria, 13% of the patients with MUSTIC SR criteria, 0.5% with MUSTIC AF criteria, 27% of patients with MIRACLE criteria, and 35% of the patients with CONTAK CD criteria (without considering indications for implantable cardioverter defibrillator). Conclusion: In this population-based study, a wide range of patients (13% to 35%) would have been candidates for CRT, according to the selection criteria of different completed trials.(PACE 2003; 26[Pt. II]:158,161) [source] Independent association of rheumatoid arthritis with increased left ventricular mass but not with reduced ejection fractionARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 1 2009Rebecca L. Rudominer Objective Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with premature atherosclerosis, vascular stiffening, and heart failure. This study was undertaken to investigate whether RA is associated with underlying structural and functional abnormalities of the left ventricle (LV). Methods Eighty-nine RA patients without clinical cardiovascular disease and 89 healthy matched controls underwent echocardiography, carotid ultrasonography, and radial tonometry to measure arterial stiffness. RA patients and controls were similar in body size, hypertension and diabetes status, and cholesterol level. Results LV diastolic diameter (4.92 cm versus 4.64 cm; P < 0.001), mass (136.9 gm versus 121.7 gm; P = 0.004 or 36.5 versus 32.9 gm/m2.7; P = 0.01), ejection fraction (71% versus 67%; P < 0.001), and prevalence of LV hypertrophy (18% versus 6.7%; P = 0.023) were all higher among RA patients versus controls. In multivariate analysis, presence of RA was an independent correlate of LV mass (P = 0.004). Furthermore, RA was independently associated with presence of LV hypertrophy (odds ratio 4.14 [95% confidence interval 1.24, 13.80], P = 0.021). Among RA patients, age at diagnosis and disease duration were independently related to LV mass. RA patients with LV hypertrophy were older and had higher systolic pressure, damage index scores, C-reactive protein levels, homocysteine levels, and arterial stiffness compared with those without LV hypertrophy. Conclusion The present results demonstrate that RA is associated with increased LV mass. Disease duration is independently related to increased LV mass, suggesting a pathophysiologic link between chronic inflammation and LV hypertrophy. In contrast, LV systolic function is preserved in RA patients, indicating that systolic dysfunction is not an intrinsic feature of RA. [source] Do women with polycystic ovary syndrome really have predisposition to atherosclerosis?AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 2 2006Semra TOPCU Abstract The elastic properties of the aorta were studied in 28 women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and in 26 regularly menstruating healthy women. In PCOS and control groups, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, aortic systolic diameter, aortic diastolic diameter, aortic distensibility, aortic stiffness index, and aortic elastic modulus were similar. It is likely that PCOS does not have any innate adverse effects on the cardiovascular system if its undesirable metabolic consequences are successfully controlled. [source] Relationship between Left Ventricular Geometry and Left Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Functions in Patients with Chronic Severe Aortic RegurgitationECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Issue 6 2008Murat Çayli M.D. Background: Chronic aortic regurgitation (AR) is a form of volume overload inducing left ventricle (LV) dilatation. Myocardial fibrosis, apoptosis, progressive LV dilatation, and eventually LV dysfunction are seen with the progression of disease. The aim of the study was to assess the relation between LV geometry and LV systolic and diastolic functions in patients with chronic severe AR. Methods: The study population consisted of 88 patients with chronic severe AR and 42 healthy controls. The LV ejection fraction (LVEF) was calculated. Subjects were divided as Group I (controls, n = 42), Group II (LVEF > 50%, n = 47), and Group III (LVEF < 50%, n = 41). Transmitral early and late diastolic velocities and deceleration time were measured. The annular systolic (Sa) and diastolic (Ea and Aa) velocities were recorded. Diastolic function was classified as normal, impaired relaxation (IR), pseudonormalization (PN), and restrictive pattern (RP). Results: The LVEF was similar in Group I and II, while significantly lower in Group III. Sa velocity was progressively decreasing, but LV long- and short-axis diameters were increasing from Group I to Group III. Forty-six, 31 and 11 patients had IR, PN, and RP, respectively. LV long-axis systolic and diastolic diameters were significantly increasing, while LVEF and Sa velocity were significantly decreasing from patients with IR to patients with RP. The LV long-axis diastolic diameter is independently associated with LV systolic and diastolic functions. Conclusions: The LV long-axis diastolic diameter is closely related with LV systolic and diastolic functions in patients with chronic severe AR. [source] Effects of myostatin deletion in aging miceAGING CELL, Issue 5 2009Michael R. Morissette Summary Inhibitors of myostatin, a negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass, are being developed to mitigate aging-related muscle loss. Knock-out (KO) mouse studies suggest myostatin also affects adiposity, glucose handling and cardiac growth. However, the cardiac consequences of inhibiting myostatin remain unclear. Myostatin inhibition can potentiate cardiac growth in specific settings (Morissette et al., 2006), a concern because of cardiac hypertrophy is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Therefore, we examined the systemic and cardiac effects of myostatin deletion in aged mice (27,30 months old). Heart mass increased comparably in both wild-type (WT) and KO mice. Aged KO mice maintained twice as much quadriceps mass as aged WT; however, both groups lost the same percentage (36%) of adult muscle mass. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry revealed increased bone density, mineral content, and area in aged KO vs. aged WT mice. Serum insulin and glucose levels were lower in KO mice. Echocardiography showed preserved cardiac function with better fractional shortening (58.1% vs. 49.4%, P = 0.002) and smaller left ventricular diastolic diameters (3.41 vs. 2.71, P = 0.012) in KO vs. WT mice. Phospholamban phosphorylation was increased 3.3-fold in KO hearts (P < 0.05), without changes in total phospholamban, sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a or calsequestrin. Aged KO hearts showed less fibrosis by Masson's Trichrome staining. Thus, myostatin deletion does not affect aging-related increases in cardiac mass and appears beneficial for bone density, insulin sensitivity and heart function in senescent mice. These results suggest that clinical interventions designed to inhibit skeletal muscle mass loss with aging could have beneficial effects on other organ systems as well. [source] Regional Variations of Contractile Activity in Isolated Rat LymphaticsMICROCIRCULATION, Issue 6 2004ANATOLIY A. GASHEV ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate lymphatic contractile activity in different regions of the lymphatic system in a single animal model (the rat thoracic duct, mesenteric, cervical, and femoral lymphatics) in response to changes in lymph pressure and flow. Methods: The systolic and diastolic diameters of isolated, cannulated, and pressurized lymphatic vessels were measured. Contraction frequency, ejection fraction, and fractional pump flow were determined. The influences of incrementally increased transmural pressure (from 1 to 9 cm H2O) and imposed flow (from 1 to 5 cm H2O transaxial pressure gradient) were investigated. Results: The authors determined regional differences in lymphatic contractility in response to pressure and imposed flow. They found the highest pumping (at the optimal pressure levels) in mesenteric lymphatics and lowest pumping in thoracic duct. All lymphatics had their optimal pumping conditions at low levels of transmural pressure. Different degrees of the flow-induced inhibition of the pump were observed in the different types of lymphatics. During high flow, the active lymph pumps in thoracic duct and cervical lymphatics were almost completely abolished, whereas mesenteric and femoral lymphatics still exhibited significant active pumping. Conclusions: The active lymph pumps in different regions of the rat body express variable relative strengths and sensitivities that are predetermined by different hydrodynamic factors and regional outflow resistances in their respective locations. [source] | ||||||||||