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Diagram
Kinds of Diagram Selected AbstractsA computer-based free body diagram assistantCOMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION, Issue 4 2006Robert J. Roselli Abstract We developed an online Free Body Diagram (FBD) Assistant that allows students to construct 2-D FBDs and to receive constructive feedback for a wide range of practice problems. The system's architecture allows for interoperability between learning management systems and interactive student simulations designed to improve both learning and assessment. The system gathers useful information about students' decision processes as they construct FBDs. This information can be used with a diagnostic module we have developed to reliably, and dynamically, construct appropriate feedback that is specific to the diagram submitted by the student. Students use this asynchronous system to gain practice in constructing FBDs at their own pace, and their records can be analyzed to indicate progress over time. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 14: 281,290, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20088 [source] Isotropic Remeshing with Fast and Exact Computation of Restricted Voronoi DiagramCOMPUTER GRAPHICS FORUM, Issue 5 2009Dong-Ming Yan Abstract We propose a new isotropic remeshing method, based on Centroidal Voronoi Tessellation (CVT). Constructing CVT requires to repeatedly compute Restricted Voronoi Diagram (RVD), defined as the intersection between a 3D Voronoi diagram and an input mesh surface. Existing methods use some approximations of RVD. In this paper, we introduce an efficient algorithm that computes RVD exactly and robustly. As a consequence, we achieve better remeshing quality than approximation-based approaches, without sacrificing efficiency. Our method for RVD computation uses a simple procedure and a kd -tree to quickly identify and compute the intersection of each triangle face with its incident Voronoi cells. Its time complexity is O(mlog n), where n is the number of seed points and m is the number of triangles of the input mesh. Fast convergence of CVT is achieved using a quasi-Newton method, which proved much faster than Lloyd's iteration. Examples are presented to demonstrate the better quality of remeshing results with our method than with the state-of-art approaches. [source] Reliability modelling of uninterruptible power supply systems using fault tree analysis methodEUROPEAN TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL POWER, Issue 6 2009Mohd Khairil Rahmat Abstract The aim of this paper is to investigate the reliability parameters estimation method for the uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems using the Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) technique. FTA is a top,down approach to identify all potential causes leading to system failure. The computation of the system's failure probability is the main goal of this analysis, as this value can be used to calculate other important system reliability parameters such as failure rates, mean time between failures and reliability. In this paper, the FTA method was applied to five different UPS topologies and the results obtained were compared and discussed in detail. By comparing the critical fault path of the system, it was found that the inverter failures contributed most significantly to the system failure. It was also found that the probability of failure of a UPS system can be reduced by the inclusion of bypass supply, given that the failure rate of the events that causing the failure of the bypass supply should be lower compared to the ones for the main utility supply. Finally, to validate the results obtained from this method, comparisons were made to the results from other methods such as the Reliability Block Diagram, Boolean Truth Table, Probability Tree, Monte-Carlo Simulation and Field Data reliability estimation methods. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Embryological development of Caiman latirostris (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae)GENESIS: THE JOURNAL OF GENETICS AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 8 2008Josefina Iungman Diagram of the head of a day 48 embryo of Caiman latirostris (Crocodylia: Alligatoridea). See the paper by Iungman et al. in this issue. [source] Estimation of P -value of MAX test with double triangle diagram for 2 × 3 SNP case-control tablesGENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY, Issue 6 2010Katsura Hirosawa Abstract Single nucle otide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most popular markers in genetic epidemiology. Multiple tests have been applied to evaluate genetic effect of SNPs, such as Pearson's test with two degrees of freedom, three tests with one degree of freedom (,2 tests for dominant and recessive modes and Cockran-Armitage trend test for additive mode) as well as MAX3 test and MAX test, which are combination of four tests mentioned earlier. Because MAX test is a combination of Pearson's test of two degrees of freedom and two tests of one degree of freedom, the probability density function (pdf) of MAX statistics does not match pdf of ,2 distribution of either one or two degrees of freedom. In order to calculate P -value of MAX test, we introduced a new diagram, Double Triangle Diagram, which was an extension of de Finetti diagram in population genetics which characterized all of the tests for 2 × 3 tables. In the diagram the contour lines of MAX statistics were consisted of elliptic curves and two tangent lines to the ellipses in the space. We normalized the ellipses into regular circles and expressed P -value of MAX test in an integral form. Although a part of the integral was not analytically solvable, it was calculable with arbitrary accuracy by dividing the area under pdf into finite rectangles. We confirmed that P -values from our method took uniform distribution from 0 to 1 in three example marginal count sets and concluded that our method was appropriate to give P -value of MAX test for 2 × 3 tables. Genet. Epidemiol. 34:543,551, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Extending the Pressure,Temperature State Diagram of MyoglobinHELVETICA CHIMICA ACTA, Issue 3 2005Filip Meersman The pressure,temperature (P,T) diagram of proteins proposed by Hawley concerns the equilibrium between native and denatured forms. However, the importance of protein aggregation is increasingly recognized, and it has been suggested that certain aggregated states represent alternative folds of the polypeptide chain. Here, we present a P,T -diagram for myoglobin in which we include the aggregated state and suggest to call it a P,T -state diagram, as not all boundaries are true equilibrium transitions. We observe by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy that increasing temperature causes the protein to aggregate, but that a subsequent further temperature increase results in the dissociation of this aggregate. Moreover, we observe that moderate pressures stabilize myoglobin against thermal denaturation. We hypothesize that this effect originates from the volume changes associated with the aggregation transition. [source] Efficient packet classification on network processorsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, Issue 1 2008Koert Vlaeminck Abstract Always-on networking and a growing interest in multimedia- and conversational-IP services offer an opportunity to network providers to participate in the service layer, if they increase functional intelligence in their networks. An important prerequisite to providing advanced services in IP access networks is the availability of a high-speed packet classification module in the network nodes, necessary for supporting any IP service imaginable. Often, access nodes are installed in remote offices, where they terminate a large number of subscriber lines. As such, technology adding processing power in this environment should be energy-efficient, whilst maintaining the flexibility to cope with changing service requirements. Network processor units (NPUs) are designed to overcome these operational restrictions, and in this context this paper investigates their suitability for wireline and robust packet classification in a firewalling application. State-of-the-art packet classification algorithms are examined, whereafter the performance and memory requirements are compared for a Binary Decision Diagram (BDD) and sequential search approach. Several space optimizations for implementing BDD classifiers on NPU hardware are discussed and it is shown that the optimized BDD classifier is able to operate at gigabit wirespeed, independent of the ruleset size, which is a major advantage over a sequential search classifier. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Phase Behavior of a Meat-Starch Extrudate Illustrated on a State DiagramJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 8 2002C.I. Moraru ABSTRACT: The phase behavior of a meat-starch extruded system was illustrated on a state diagram. A mixture of meat and potato granules (1.48:1) was extruded with a twin-screw extruder. The extrudates were equilibrated at relative humidities between 0 to 88% and their glass transitions were determined. Starch and proteins were phase separated at macromolecular level and retained their own phase transitions. The state diagram of the system showed that proteins dictated the texture of the mixed system, with starch contributing to the high value of the mechanical properties. Water had a plasticizing effect on both biopolymers. At room temperature, the extrudates with aw < 0.32 were glassy, while those with aw > 0.57 were rubbery. [source] A new methodology for the definition of odor zones in perfumery ternary diagramsAICHE JOURNAL, Issue 8 2006Vera G. Mata Abstract The new methodology called "Perfumery Ternary Diagram" helps perfumers in odor prediction, allowing a fast evaluation of the odor value in the headspace for all possible combinations of a non-ideal perfume liquid mixture with three fragrant components and one or more solvents. In this work, the determination of Perfumery Ternary Points (PTP) and Perfumery Binary Lines (PBL) is described, allowing a complete definition of Perfumery Ternary Diagram (PTD) odor zones, without the need to calculate a large number of points inside the triangle region. The methodology of PTP and PBL determination was applied to the system: limonene, geraniol, vanillin, and ethanol. The effect of solvent,ethanol,on the odor zones, namely on the number of PTP and on the shape of the PBL was studied, as well as the effect of the non-idealities. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006 [source] Binary Phase Diagram of the Manganese Oxide,Iron Oxide SystemJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 10 2009Jarrod V. Crum The phase equilibrium of the MnOx,FeOy binary system was measured within a temperature range of 750°,1590°C in air to examine inconsistencies found in literature, i.e., discrepancies related to the boundary between the spinel and hausmannite+spinel phase fields. Several studies are available in the literature that describe this boundary however the results and methods by which they were studied vary namely in terms of the atmosphere (air versus reducing) used and heat treatment/analysis methods. In addition, samples in the discrepancy region of the diagram revert to the hausmannite phase spontaneously upon cooling due to a displacive transformation. In order to accurately measure the phase boundaries, the following measurement methods were used: isothermal heat treatments followed by rapid quenching (in air or water), dilatometry, differential thermal analysis with thermogravimetric analysis, as well as room temperature and hot-stage X-ray diffraction (XRD). Phase assemblage(s) in each specimen were determined by XRD. Data were compared with literature and a new, self consistent phase diagram was developed. The results are reported along with background information and a comparison with previously reported data. This study will support development of a model for thermodynamic equilibria in complex, multioxide silicate melts. [source] Thermodynamic Properties and Phase Diagram for the System MoO2,TiO2JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 2 2008K. Thomas Jacob The activity of molybdenum dioxide (MoO2) in the MoO2,TiO2 solid solutions was measured at 1600 K using a solid-state cell incorporating yttria-doped thoria as the electrolyte. For two compositions, the emf was also measured as a function of temperature. The cell was designed such that the emf is directly related to the activity of MoO2 in the solid solution. The results show monotonic variation of activity with composition, suggesting a complete range of solid solutions between the end members and the occurrence of MoO2 with a tetragonal structure at 1600 K. A large positive deviation from Raoult's law was found. Excess Gibbs energy of mixing is an asymmetric function of composition and can be represented by the subregular solution model of Hardy as follows The temperature dependence of the emf for two compositions is reasonably consistent with ideal entropy of mixing. A miscibility gap is indicated at a lower temperature with the critical point characterized by Tc (K)=1560 and. Recent studies indicate that MoO2 undergoes a transition from a monoclinic to tetragonal structure at 1533 K with a transition entropy of 9.91 J·(mol·K),1. The solid solubility of TiO2 with rutile structure in MoO2 with a monoclinic structure is negligible. These features give rise to a eutectoid reaction at 1412 K. The topology of the computed phase diagram differs significantly from that suggested by Pejryd. [source] Modified Phase Diagram for the Barium Oxide,Titanium Dioxide System for the Ferroelectric Barium TitanateJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 8 2007Soonil Lee The ferroelectric phase transition behavior in BaTiO3 was investigated for various annealing times, temperatures, and Ba/Ti ratios by means of a differential scanning calorimeter. Coupling these observations with powder X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy allowed new insights into the barium oxide (BaO),titanium dioxide (TiO2) phase diagram. The transition temperature was varied systematically with the Ba/Ti ratio at annealing temperatures from 1200° to 1400°C in air. The transition temperature decreased with increasing concentrations of BaO and TiO2 partial Schottky defects, and showed a discontinuous change at the phase boundaries. Beyond the solubility region, two peritectoid reactions were confirmed and revised; first around 1150°C for Ba1.054Ti0.946O2.946,Ba2TiO4+BaTiO3 and second 1250°C for BaTi2O5,Ba6Ti17O40+BaTiO3, respectively. All other regimes of the BaO,TiO2 were found to be consistent with the reported diagrams in the literature. [source] Electronic Structure and Bonding of All Crystalline Phases in the Silica,Yttria,Silicon Nitride Phase Equilibrium DiagramJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 11 2004Wai-Yim Ching This paper reviews the structures and properties of 10 binary, ternary, and quaternary crystals within the equilibrium phase diagram of the SiO2,Y2O3,Si3N4 system. They are binary compounds SiO2, Y2O3, Si3N4; ternary compounds Si2N2O, Y2Si2O7, and YSi2O5; and quaternary crystals Y2Si3N4O3 (M-melilite), Y4Si2O7N2, (N-YAM), YSiO2N (wallastonite), and Y10(SiO4)6N2 (N-apatite, N-APT). Although the binary compounds are well-known and extensively studied, the ternary and the quaternary crystals are not. Most of the ternary and the quaternary crystals simply have been referenced as secondary phases in the processing of nitrogen ceramics. Their crystal structures are complex and not precisely determined. In the quaternary crystals, there exists O/N disorder in that the exact atomic positions of the anions cannot be uniquely determined. It is envisioned that a variety of cation,anion bonding configurations exist in these complex crystals. The electronic structure and bonding in these crystals are, therefore, of great interest and are indispensable for a fundamental understanding of structural ceramics. We have used ab initio methods to study the structure and bonding properties of these 10 crystals. For crystals with unknown or incomplete structural information, we use an accurate total energy relaxation scheme to obtain the most likely atomic positions. Based on the theoretically modeled structures, the electronic structure and bonding in these crystals are investigated and related to various local cation,anion bonding configurations. These results are presented in the form of atom-resolved partial density of states, Mulliken effective charges, and bond order values. It is shown that Y,O and Y,N bonding are not negligible and should be a part of the discussion of the overall bonding schemes in these crystals. Spectroscopic properties in the form of complex, frequency-dependent dielectric functions, X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES), and the electron energy-loss near-edge structure (ELNES) spectra in these crystals also are calculated and compared. These results are discussed in the context of specific bonding configurations between cations (silicon and yttrium) and anions (oxygen and nitrogen) and their implications on intergranular thin films in polycrystalline Si3N4 containing rare-earth elements. [source] Polymer Crystallization: A DSC Approach to Building the T-CR-T DiagramMACROMOLECULAR THEORY AND SIMULATIONS, Issue 2-3 2008Rosa Berlanga Abstract T-CR-T diagrams are one of the most reliable ways to predict the thermal behavior of material solidification from the melt. A brief description of solidification accounting for continuous cooling is presented for fast-crystallizing polymers. An isoconversional method is applied to the kinetic analysis of non-isothermal processes. The solidification process of different polymer materials: high density polyethylene based samples and mixtures of PEG with a pharmaceutical drug were analyzed by means of DSC. Several diagrams were constructed and the best agreement between experimental data and the calculated T-CR-T curves corresponds to the use of the isoconversional method. [source] ChemInform Abstract: A Revision of the Central Part of the Cr,Ge Phase Diagram.CHEMINFORM, Issue 36 2010Isabella Jandl Abstract The reinvestigation of the Cr,Ge phase diagram by XRD, DTA, and chemical vapor transport experiments does not show a polymorphic phase transformation for Cr5Ge3 as previously reported. [source] ChemInform Abstract: Phase Diagram of the La,Si Binary System under High Pressure and the Structures of Superconducting LaSi5 and LaSi10.CHEMINFORM, Issue 45 2009Shoji Yamanaka Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source] ChemInform Abstract: An Investigation of the Al,Pd,Ir Phase Diagram Between 50 and 100 at.% Al.CHEMINFORM, Issue 25 2008D. Pavlyuchkov Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source] Phase Diagram for the Na2O,Al2O3,H2O System at 130 °C.CHEMINFORM, Issue 17 2007Shuhua Ma Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF. [source] Isothermal Section of the Fe,Pt,Nd Phase Diagram at 900 °C.CHEMINFORM, Issue 51 2006Chengfu Xu Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF. [source] Experimental Investigation of the Al,Y Phase DiagramCHEMINFORM, Issue 26 2006Shuhong Liu Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF. [source] X-Ray Powder Diffraction Refinement of Ag2In2SiSe6 Structure and Phase Diagram of the AgInSe2,SiSe2 System.CHEMINFORM, Issue 26 2006I. D. Olekseyuk Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF. [source] NaNO2 + NaNO3 Phase Diagram: New Data from DSC and Raman Spectroscopy.CHEMINFORM, Issue 15 2006Rolf W. Berg Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF. [source] The 673 and 1123 K Isothermal Sections (Partial) of the Phase Diagram of the Ce,Mg,Ni Ternary System.CHEMINFORM, Issue 13 2006Huaiying Zhou Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF. [source] P,T Phase Diagram and Single Crystal Structural Refinement of NaMn7O12.CHEMINFORM, Issue 37 2005Edmondo Gilioli Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text. [source] Phase Diagram of the Tb,Ni Binary System.CHEMINFORM, Issue 34 2005Qingrong Yao No abstract is available for this article. [source] An Investigation of the Al,Pd,Fe Phase Diagram Between 50 and 100 at.% Al: Reaction Scheme.CHEMINFORM, Issue 32 2005S. Balanetskyy No abstract is available for this article. [source] Equilibrium Phase Diagram of the Ag,Au,Pb Ternary System.CHEMINFORM, Issue 25 2005S. Hassam No abstract is available for this article. [source] The 773 and 1123 K Isothermal Sections of the Phase Diagram of the Mg,Ni,Pr Ternary System.CHEMINFORM, Issue 13 2005Huaiying Zhou No abstract is available for this article. [source] Magnetic Phase Diagram of the Intermetallic LaMn2-xCuxSi2 Silicides.CHEMINFORM, Issue 48 2004A. Kilic Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text. [source] Revised Phase Diagram for the Pt,Ti System from 30 to 60 at.% Platinum.CHEMINFORM, Issue 37 2004T. Biggs Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||