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Diagnostic Agents (diagnostic + agent)
Selected AbstractsEvaluation of tumor affinity of mono-[123I]iodohypericin and mono-[123I]iodoprotohypericin in a mouse model with a RIF-1 tumorCONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING, Issue 3 2007Humphrey Fonge Abstract In this study we have compared the tumour-seeking properties of mono-[123I]iodoprotohypericin and mono-[123I]iodohypericin in C3H mice with a subcutaneous radiation-induced fibrosarcoma-1 tumor. After intravenous injection, both tracers were rapidly cleared from all organs and were retained by the tumors. There was no significant difference in tumor uptake of the two tracers at all studied time points (p,>,0.05). To study the plausible mechanism of hypericin and mono-iodohypericin uptake in tumor, their plasma binding profile was investigated. Both agents show high affinity for low-density lipoproteins and to a lesser extent high-density lipoproteins and other heavy proteins. Mono-[123I]iodohypericin appears to be more promising as a tumor diagnostic agent, given its faster clearance from all organs. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A double-blind, randomized, dose response study testing the pharmacological efficacy of synthetic porcine secretinALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 12 2000P. S. Jowell Background: Biologically derived porcine secretin has been used as a diagnostic agent in clinical gastrointestinal practice for many years. Pure synthetic porcine secretin is now available for investigational clinical use. Aim: To compare the pharmacology of synthetic porcine secretin and biologically derived porcine secretin in healthy volunteers. Methods: Secretin stimulation tests were performed in 12 volunteer subjects in a double-blind, randomized, Latin square crossover design study comparing three doses of synthetic porcine secretin (0.05, 0.2, and 0.4 ,g/kg) with a standard dose of biologically derived porcine secretin (1 CU/kg). Duodenal aspirates were analysed for total volume and for bicarbonate concentration. Total bicarbonate output was calculated. Results: Twelve subjects completed four dosing regimens. A multiple comparison test was used to compare dosing regimens. The 0.2 and 0.4 ,g/kg doses of synthetic porcine secretin were not different from the 1 CU/kg dose of biologically derived porcine secretin for volume, bicarbonate concentration and total output from 0 to 60 min. Only one patient had an adverse event, which was mild, transient flushing after the 0.2 and 0.4 ,g/kg doses of synthetic porcine secretin and after the 1 CU/kg dose of biologically derived porcine secretin. Conclusions: Synthetic porcine secretin has identical pharmacologic effects to biologically derived porcine secretin in normal subjects. Both drugs were safe and well-tolerated. This study validates synthetic porcine secretin as a substitute for biologically derived porcine secretin. [source] Pathogen-Mimicking MnO Nanoparticles for Selective Activation of the TLR9 Pathway and Imaging of Cancer Cells,ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 23 2009Mohammed Ibrahim Shukoor Abstract Here, design of the first pathogen-mimicking metal oxide nanoparticles with the ability to enter cancer cells and to selectively target and activate the TLR9 pathway, and with optical and MR imaging capabilities, is reported. The immobilization of ssDNA (CpG ODN 2006) on MnO nanoparticles is performed via the phosphoramidite route using a multifunctional polymer. The multifunctional polymer used for the nanoparticle surface modification not only affords a protective organic biocompatible shell but also provides an efficient and convenient means for loading immunostimulatory oligonucleotides. Since fluorescent molecules are amenable to photodetection, a chromophore (Rhodamine) is introduced into the polymer chain to trace the nanoparticles in Caki-1 (human kidney cancer) cells. The ssDNA coupled nanoparticles are used to target Toll-like receptors 9 (TLR9) receptors inside the cells and to activate the classical TLR cascade. The presence of TLR9 is demonstrated independently in the Caki-1 cell line by western blotting and immunostaining techniques. The magnetic properties of the MnO core make functionalized MnO nanoparticles potential diagnostic agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) thereby enabling multimodal detection by a combination of MR and optical imaging methods. The trimodal nanoparticles allow the imaging of cellular trafficking by different means and simultaneously are an effective drug carrier system. [source] Correlation between the high expression of C/EBP, protein in F442A cells and their relative resistance to antiadipogenic action of TCDD in comparison to 3T3-L1 cellsJOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY, Issue 2 2002Phillip C. C. Liu Abstract We compared the ability of two clonally derived murine preadipocyte cell lines, 3T3-L1(L1) and 3T3-F442A (F442A), to differentiate after treatment by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin (TCDD), and found that the former cell line was clearly suppressed by TCDD but the latter was not. It was initially postulated that the easiest way to explain the lack of response to TCDD in F442A cells could be an alteration in aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) functionality. This hypothesis was tested first, but no differences were found in the levels or functions of AhR. To find an alternate explanation for such a differential effect of TCDD, we tested the action of several diagnostic agents on the process of adipocyte differentiation of these two cells. No differences were found between these two lines of cells in the susceptibility to the antiadipogenic action of 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), or to TNF,, indicating that the basic biochemical components engaged in the antiadipogenic actions of these agents in these two cell lines are similar. In contrast, F442A cells were found to be more resistant to the antiadipogenic action of EGF or TGF, than L1 cells which were tested side by side. Based on the knowledge that TNF, preferentially affects C/EBP, and that TGF, specifically controls C/EBP, and , in their antiadipogenic action, we hypothesized that the major cause for the differential response of these two similar cell lines could be the insensitivity of C/EBP, and/or , of F442A cells to the action of TCDD. We could obtain supporting data for this hypothesis, showing that in F442A cells, the level of C/EBP, is already high even before the addition of adipocyte differentiation factors and that TCDD did not cause any significant changes in the titer of C/EBP,. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 16:70,83, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.10020 [source] Cell adhesion molecules for targeted drug deliveryJOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, Issue 9 2006Alison L. Dunehoo Abstract Rapid advancement of the understanding of the structure and function of cell adhesion molecules (i.e., integrins, cadherins) has impacted the design and development of drugs (i.e., peptide, proteins) with the potential to treat cancer and heart and autoimmune diseases. For example, RGD peptides/peptidomimetics have been marketed as anti-thrombic agents and are being investigated for inhibiting tumor angiogenesis. Other cell adhesion peptides derived from ICAM-1 and LFA-1 sequences were found to block T-cell adhesion to vascular endothelial cells and epithelial cells; these peptides are being investigated for treating autoimmune diseases. Recent findings suggest that cell adhesion receptors such as integrins can internalize their peptide ligands into the intracellular space. Thus, many cell adhesion peptides (i.e., RGD peptide) were used to target drugs, particles, and diagnostic agents to a specific cell that has increased expression of cell adhesion receptors. This review is focused on the utilization of cell adhesion peptides and receptors in specific targeted drug delivery, diagnostics, and tissue engineering. In the future, more information on the mechanism of internalization and intracellular trafficking of cell adhesion molecules will be exploited for delivering drug molecules to a specific type of cell or for diagnosis of cancer and heart and autoimmune diseases. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 95: 1856,1872, 2006 [source] Medicinal Organometallic Chemistry: Designing Metal Arene Complexes as Anticancer AgentsCHEMISTRY - AN ASIAN JOURNAL, Issue 11 2008Abstract The field of medicinal inorganic chemistry is rapidly advancing. In particular organometallic complexes have much potential as therapeutic and diagnostic agents. The carbon-bound and other ligands allow the thermodynamic and kinetic reactivity of the metal ion to be controlled and also provide a scaffold for functionalization. The establishment of structure,activity relationships and elucidation of the speciation of complexes under conditions relevant to drug testing and formulation are crucial for the further development of promising medicinal applications of organometallic complexes. Specific examples involving the design of ruthenium and osmium arene complexes as anticancer agents are discussed. [source] The 75th anniversary of the World Council of Optometry: Seventy-five years of advancing eye care by optometrists worldwideCLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPTOMETRY, Issue 4 2002Damien P Smith PhD AM SUMMARY Over 75 years, the World Council of Optometry has developed as an organisation with the mission and appropriate strategies to improve the quality of eye and vision care around the world, especially by advancing the delivery of that care by educated, regulated, primary care optometrists. However, WCO is unknown to most optometrists and ,international optometry' is not part of the optometric curriculum in our schools, just as it is rarely on the agenda of our professional associations. As a consequence, many optometrists do not understand the difficulties faced by their colleagues in other countries, in both clinical and political challenges. Australian optometrists are regulated by law, educated at state universities, eligible for service coverage by universal health insurance, able to detect disease in the eye using diagnostic agents and, in increasing numbers, able to treat disease in the eye with therapeutic drugs. However, this community standing and professional privilege, taken for granted by most Australian optometrists, cannot be exported. In fact, an Australian optometrist would be jailed in many countries around the world just for doing the ordinary clinical procedures that he or she does on every patient, by routine, day in and day out. All optometrists should feel ownership of WCO and all should have a commitment to its mission to facilitate the enhancement and development of eye and vision care by optometrists worldwide. Australian optometrists are already linked to WCO through their membership of Optometrists Association Australia, which is itself a longstanding and valued member of WCO. To prosper for a further 75 years, WCO needs continued global volunteerism and from those unable to directly participate, financial support through donations and sponsorship. [source] | |||||||||||||