Determination Procedure (determination + procedure)

Distribution by Scientific Domains


Selected Abstracts


Mobile-initiated network-executed SIP-based handover in IMS over heterogeneous accesses

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, Issue 9-10 2010
Wei-Kuo Chiang
Abstract The services of next generation networks are envisioned to be potentially capable of seamless mobility in spite of the heterogeneity in underlying access technologies. It is undoubted that to accomplish seamless services across heterogeneous networking environments gets harder in case of simultaneous mobility. In this article, we propose a mobile-initiated network-executed (MINE) session initial protocol (SIP)-based handover mechanism to facilitate simultaneous mobility in IP multimedia subsystem over heterogeneous accesses. The novelty of the proposed approach is that no changes are required to the existing network infrastructure since handover decision is fully made by the mobile host (MH) and handover execution is performed by a new-added application server called mobility server (MS). When the MH decides to initiate a handover and obtains a new IP address, it will send a SIP Publish message to trigger the MS to carry out the handover execution. With the network-executed design of the MINE, the MS can perform third-party registration for security re-association and third-party call control for session re-establishment in parallel. Moreover, the Master,Slave Determination procedures derived from H.245 are used in the MS to handle fairly the racing conditions resulting from simultaneous mobility such that redundant message flows are eliminated. Mathematical analyses present that the MINE can shorten the handover latency and reduce power consumption, as observed from a comparison with the integrated solution of an optimized macro-mobility mechanism and a receiver-side simultaneous mobility approach. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]


A digital elevation analysis: a spatially distributed flow apportioning algorithm

HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES, Issue 10 2004
Sanghyun Kim
Abstract An integrated flow determination algorithm is proposed to calculate the spatial distribution of the topographic index to the channel network. The advantages of a single flow direction algorithm and other multiple flow direction schemes are selectively considered in order to address the drawbacks of existing algorithms. A spatially varying flow apportioning factor is introduced to distribute the contributing area from upslope cells to downslope cells. The channel initiation threshold concept is expanded and integrated into a spatially distributed flow apportioning algorithm to delineate a realistic channel network. The functional relationships between the flow apportioning factors and the expanded channel initiation threshold (ECIT) are developed to address the spatially varied flow distribution patterns considering the permanent channel locations. A genetic algorithm (GA) is integrated into the spatially distributed flow apportioning algorithm (SDFAA) with the objective function of river cell evaluation. An application of a field example suggests that the spatially distributed flow apportioning scheme provides several advantages over the existing approaches; the advantages include the relaxation of overdissipation problems near channel cells, the connectivity feature of river cells and the robustness of the parameter determination procedure over existing algorithms. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]


A modified support vector machine based prediction model on streamflow at the Shihmen Reservoir, Taiwan

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY, Issue 8 2010
Pei-Hao Li
Abstract The uncertainty of the availability of water resources during the boreal winter has led to significant economic losses in recent years in Taiwan. A modified support vector machine (SVM) based prediction framework is thus proposed to improve the predictability of the inflow to Shihmen reservoir in December and January, using climate data from the prior period. Highly correlated climate precursors are first identified and adopted to predict water availability in North Taiwan. A genetic algorithm based parameter determination procedure is implemented to the SVM parameters to learn the non-linear pattern underlying climate systems more flexibly. Bagging is then applied to construct various SVM models to reduce the variance in the prediction by the median of forecasts from the constructed models. The enhanced prediction ability of the proposed modified SVM-based model with respect to a bagged multiple linear regression (MLR), simple SVM, and simple MLR model is also demonstrated. The results show that the proposed modified SVM-based model outperforms the prediction ability of the other models in all of the adopted evaluation scores. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society [source]


Relationship between UVA protection and skin response to UV light: proposal for labelling UVA protection

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE, Issue 4 2004
M. Jean-Louis Refrégier
Synopsis Definition and validation of a most relevant method to assess ultravoilet A (UVA) protection is a major concern for industry, authorities and consumers. However, due to the lack of knowledge about all the biological phenomena involved, the level of UVA protection needed, the ways to assess and label it, remain controversial. In order to overcome this situation, the paper deals with the outcomes of a mathematical model to calculate the distribution between ultravoilet B (UVB) and UVA components of skin responses to UV light. Mathematical calculations of UVB and UVA erythemal components of skin response to sunlight are developed from the well-known determination procedure to calculate the sunburn protection factor (SPF) of sunscreens. The model establishes the relationship between the UVA component of skin erythemal response to overall UV radiation received from sunlight and the ratio SPF/PFAe (erythemal protection factor) where SPF is the product and PFAe is related to the UVA part of the sunlight. Depending on the efficacy profile of sunscreens, the skin erythemal response may be mainly promoted by UVB rays as it normally occurs in unprotected skin or on contrary by UVA rays. Therefore, the efficacy profile of sunscreens defines the deepness where biological events induced by sunlight take place. This new relationship pinpoints the tremendous importance of the protection afforded by sunscreen products in the UVA range when erythema is taken as biological response. By extrapolation of the model to any other biological skin response it becomes possible to predict how to improve the efficiency of sunscreen products in the future. UVA protection afforded by sunscreens should be improved until reaching the same level as the SPF protection factor so that all UV-induced biological responses could be prevented or lowered at the same extend. To enforce this improvement, a proposal to classify sunscreen products in relation with their UVA protection is made. Résumé Bien que les méfaits du rayonnement UVA soient à présent reconnus et l'importance de s'en protéger au même titre que ceux du rayonnement UVB totalement admise, l'obtention d'un consensus au niveau international, sur les méthodes pour mesurer l'efficacité des produits solaires vis-à-vis des UVA et sur les niveaux d'efficacité souhaitables, semble impossible à atteindre. Afin de tenter de surmonter les obstacles actuels, nous présentons un modèle mathématique qui permet d'établir la relation qui dèfinit le poids relatif des rayonnements UVB et UVA dans l'initiation des phénomènes biologiques engendrés par le rayonnement solaire, en fonction des caractéristiques du produit solaire utilisé et en particulier de son efficacité protectrice vis-à-vis des UVA. Dans le cas de l'érythème nous établissons ainsi que la proportion des effets engendrés par le rayonnement UVA est définie par le rapport SPF/PFAe: le SPF étant le facteur de protection contre l'érythème vis-à-vis de l,ensemble du rayonnement UV, c'est l'indice de protection affiché sur les produits; et, PFAe étant le facteur de protection du produit vis-à-vis du seul rayonnement UVA. L'extrapolation possible de ce modèle à l'ensemble des phénomènes biologiques met en évidence que le facteur de proportionnalité entre la protection globale et celle apportée vis-à-vis des UVA (SPF/PFAe) permet d'établir une classification de la qualité des systèmes filtrants en fonction de leur aptitude à prèvenir l'ensemble des méfaits du rayonnement solaire. Ce modèle démontre l'importance d'évaluer l,efficacité protectrice des produits solaires vis-à-vis du rayonnement UVA et son enseignement plus pertinent que celle de seulement évaluer l'allure des spectres d'absorption. Nous jugeons que l'application directe de ce modèle, au même titre que les méthodes d'évaluation de l,allure des spectres d'absorption, n'est aujourd'hui pas souhaitable en raison des connaissances et donc de la validation insuffisantes des méthodes in vitro en particulier pour évaluer les produits non parfaitement photostables. En conséquence, nous proposons de mettre en place une qualification qui repose sur l'évaluation de la protection UVA par les mèthodes in vivo dûment étudiées et validées telles que les méthodes PPD ou PFA. La mise en place du système proposé de qualification des produits solaires, permettrait d'apporter rapidement aux consommateurs une meilleure information sur la qualité des produits et permettrait de créer une dynamique d'amélioration de la qualité de l'ensemble des produits commercialisés. [source]


A description of the structural determination procedures of a gap junction channel at 3.5,Å resolution

ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D, Issue 8 2009
Michihiro Suga
Intercellular signalling is an essential characteristic of multicellular organisms. Gap junctions, which consist of arrays of intercellular channels, permit the exchange of ions and small molecules between adjacent cells. Here, the structural determination of a gap junction channel composed of connexin 26 (Cx26) at 3.5,Å resolution is described. During each step of the purification process, the protein was examined using electron microscopy and/or dynamic light scattering. Dehydration of the crystals improved the resolution limits. Phase refinement using multi-crystal averaging in conjunction with noncrystallographic symmetry averaging based on strictly determined noncrystallographic symmetry operators resulted in an electron-density map for model building. The amino-acid sequence of a protomer structure consisting of the amino-terminal helix, four transmembrane helices and two extracellular loops was assigned to the electron-density map. The amino-acid assignment was confirmed using six selenomethionine (SeMet) sites in the difference Fourier map of the SeMet derivative and three intramolecular disulfide bonds in the anomalous difference Fourier map of the native crystal. [source]