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Detection Rate (detection + rate)
Kinds of Detection Rate Selected AbstractsCOMPARISON OF ENDOSCOPIC DETECTION RATE OF EARLY GASTRIC CANCER AND GASTRIC ADENOMA USING TRANSNASAL EGD WITH THAT OF TRANSORAL EGDDIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY, Issue 4 2008Yukiya Yoshida Background:, To investigate the influence of the reduced image quality of transnasal esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with the ultrathin endoscope (transnasal EGD) on endoscopic diagnoses, we compared the detection rate (DR) of early gastric cancer and gastric adenoma by transnasal EGD with that of transoral EGD using a standard endoscope. Methods:, Transnasal EGD was carried out in 2791 examinations for the purposes of screening or other reasons. Controls were examined by transoral EGD and numbered 3591 examinations. The transnasal endoscope used was an EG530N. Lesions graded C-3 or higher by Kimura-Takemoto's classification were regarded as endoscopic atrophy. Results:, (i) DR in all subjects and those with atrophy were not different between transnasal and transoral EGD. (ii) Multivariate analysis of DR in subjects with atrophy was carried out using five variables: gender, age, purposes of endoscopy, endoscopic insertion route and the four endoscopists. DR was significantly higher in males or subjects ,60 years. No difference was noted between the endoscopic insertion routes (transnasal vs transoral). (iii) The subjects analyzed in (ii) were divided into the transnasal and transoral groups, and multivariate analysis of DR was carried out using four variables. DR was not different among the endoscopists in the transoral group. However, in the transnasal group, DR increased as the years of endoscopic experience was prolonged. Conclusions:, Multivariate analysis detected no significant difference in DR between transnasal and transoral EGD. However, a significant difference in DR by transnasal EGD among the endoscopists is detected. Transnasal EGD should be carefully carried out by experienced endoscopists. [source] Case Detection Rates of Molluscum Contagiosum in ChildhoodPEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2007KYRIAKOS P. KYRIAKIS M.D. No abstract is available for this article. [source] Maternal serum screening in cases of mosaic and translocation Down syndromePRENATAL DIAGNOSIS, Issue 8 2008Sophie Dreux Abstract Objectives To determine if the second-trimester maternal serum markers (MSM) screening for Down syndrome (DS) is efficient in DS mosaicism or structural rearrangement cases. Method DS mosaic or translocation cases were reviewed from databases of routine MSM DS screening. The control group consisted of 977 trisomy 21 cases included in a series of 854 902 patients (routine screening). DS risk was calculated by combination of maternal age and MSM [alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human choriogonadotrophin (hCG) or free ,-hCG and/or uE3] expressed in multiples of median (MoM). Mosaic DS cases were divided into three groups, < 10%, 10,49%, and , 50% trisomy 21 cells. Translocation DS cases were divided into three groups, isochromosome, Robertsonian, or reciprocal translocation. Detection rate (DR) and MoMs were evaluated in each group. Results As many as 76 cases of nonstandard trisomy 21 were collected. For mosaic DS cases (n = 43) DR was 69.8% (not significantly different from the 70.8% of control group). When mosaicism was less than 10%, the DR dropped to 25%. For translocation DS cases (n = 33) DR was 75.7% (not significantly different from control group) whatever the types of translocation. Conclusion In the nonstandard DS cases, second-trimester MSMs gave the same detection rate as for standard trisomy 21, except the cases with low-level mosaicism (<10%). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Detection rate and factors predictive the presence of prostate cancer in patients undergoing ultrasonography-guided transperineal saturation biopsies of the prostateBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 9 2010Giacomo Novara Study Type , Diagnostic (case series) Level of Evidence 4 OBJECTIVES To assess the prostate cancer detection rate and predictive factors for prostate cancer after transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)-guided transperineal saturation re-biopsies of the prostate, using a 24-core scheme. PATIENTS AND METHODS We evaluated 143 consecutive patients undergoing TRUS-guided transperineal saturation re-biopsy of the prostate using a 24-core scheme. The inclusion criteria were a previous negative biopsy and a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of ,10.0 ng/mL, or of 4.0,10.0 ng/mL with a free/total ratio of <20% or an abnormal digital rectal examination or previous high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) or atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP). RESULTS The mean (sd) age of the patients was 66.5 (6.1) years and the median (interquartile range) PSA level was 9.0 (6.1,12.8) ng/mL. The number of previous biopsies was one in 59% of patients, two in 26% and three or more in 15%. We detected prostate cancer in 26%, ASAP in 5.6% and HGPIN in 2.1%. The cancer detection rate was 47%, 25.5% and 14% for prostate volumes of <40, 40,60 and ,60 mL, respectively (P = 0.002). On a multivariate analysis the total prostate volume (40,60 vs <40 mL, hazard ratio 5.683; >60 vs <40 mL, hazard ratio 6.965; P = 0.01) was the only significant predictor of prostate cancer at saturation biopsy. CONCLUSIONS TRUS-guided transperineal saturation re-biopsy of the prostate using a 24-core scheme resulted in a high cancer detection rate also in patients who had had two or more previous biopsies. The total prostate volume was the only predictor of prostate cancer. [source] Sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer guided by indocyanine green fluorescenceBRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY (NOW INCLUDES EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY), Issue 11 2009D. Murawa Background: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy with radioisotope and blue dye has been used successfully for axillary staging in breast cancer. This study evaluated the feasibility of fluorescence detection of SLNs with indocyanine green (ICG) for lymphatic mapping and SLN biopsy. Methods: Thirty women with breast cancer had a periareolar injection of ICG for fluorescence detection of SLN using a near-infrared camera. Twenty also received 99mTc-labelled sulphur radiocolloid for SLN scintigraphy. All patients underwent axillary lymph node dissection. Detection rate and sensitivity of both methods were the study endpoints. Results: Visualization of lymphatic vessels by fluorescence detection depended on the dose of ICG. ICG imaging identified SLNs in 29 of 30 women (detection rate 97 per cent). Nineteen of 21 patients had metastatic SLN involvement (sensitivity 90 per cent) with false-negative results in two. Among the 20 patients who had both methods, ICG fluorescence and radiocolloid identified SLNs in 20 and 17 patients respectively. Metastatic lymph nodes were diagnosed in 12 and ten of 13 patients (sensitivity 92 and 77 per cent). False-negative rates were 8 and 23 per cent respectively. Conclusion: ICG fluorescence allowed transcutaneous imaging of lymphatic vessels and SLN detection, thus combining the advantages of radioisotope and blue dye methods. Copyright © 2009 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Detection of Cryptosporidium parvum in lettuceINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Issue 4 2007John E. Moore Summary Human cryptosporidiosis has emerged as an important gastrointestinal infection in the 1990s as a result of the ingestion of mainly contaminated water and to a lesser extent foodstuffs containing the protozoan parasite, Cryptosporidium parvum. This pathogen has particular clinical significance for immunocompromised persons, including AIDS patients and cancer patients receiving toxic chemotherapeutic drug regimens. There have been a limited number of studies performed examining the occurrence of the parasite on vegetables, including lettuce. Detection rates are very dependent on the laboratory isolation technique employed and has ranged from 1.2% to 14.5%. Current best practice of laboratory recovery, isolation and detection methods include detergent removal, oocysts concentration by immunomagnetic separation, followed by a combination of immunofluorescent microscopy and a nested PCR approach. Employment of contaminated non-potable water in the production of vegetables, particularly lettuce, may represent an important potential source of entry of pathogens into food processing and the human food chain. Given that lettuce is an important constituent of hamburger dressing, and the size of the fast-food industry, where lettuce is an important constituent, horticultural producers of lettuce should therefore place special emphasis on developing suitable and efficient Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point strategies for the critical control of oocysts depending on the type of unit operation employed and vegetable being processed. This review aims to examine (i) the incidence of C. parvum in vegetables, particularly lettuce and (ii) laboratory detection methods for the isolation and identification of this parasite from lettuce. [source] First-trimester Down syndrome screening in women younger than 35 years old and cost-effectiveness analysis in Taiwan populationJOURNAL OF EVALUATION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 5 2009Ching-Yu Chou MD Summary Objectives, Outcome of the first-trimester Down syndrome screening in younger population was less reported before. We present the outcome of this screening in Taiwanese women younger than 35 years old. We also test whether or not the first-trimester Down syndrome screening of women <35 years of age and women >35 years old routinely receiving amniocentesis is cost-effective compared with all pregnant women screened with this test in the setting of increased maternal age. Methods, From 1999 to 2007, the first-trimester Down syndrome screening including nuchal thickness, pregnancy-associated plasma protein A and free ,-hCG are provided to 10 811 singleton women <35 years of age with the cut-off of 1/270. A cost-effectiveness analysis of young women receiving this screening and older women undergo amniocentesis versus all women undergo this screening was performed in Taiwan population from 1987 to 2006, in which advanced age pregnancies increased from 2.8% to 11.6% of total pregnancies. Results, Detection rates of trisomy 21, trisomy 18, Turner syndrome and other chromosome anormalies in women <35 years of age are 87.5% (14/16), 50% (2/4), 80% (8/10) and 63% (12/19), respectively, with a false-positive rate of 5.5% (590/10 811). As advanced age pregnancies reached 11.6%, the average cost per one case averted for all women screened ranged from $77 204 to $98 421, while the cost ranged from $99 647 to $116 433 for only women <35 years of age receiving this screening. Conclusions, In an aging population, the first-trimester Down syndrome screening should be implemented for all pregnant women when it is available. [source] Prediction of adverse pregnancy outcomes by combinations of first and second trimester biochemistry markers used in the routine prenatal screening of Down syndromePRENATAL DIAGNOSIS, Issue 5 2010Tianhua Huang Abstract Objective To investigate the associations between four defined adverse pregnancy outcomes and levels of first and second trimester maternal serum markers focusing in particular on how well combinations of markers predict these adverse outcomes. Methods This was a retrospective review of associations between first and second trimester serum markers and adverse pregnancy outcomes among 141 698 women who underwent prenatal screening for Down syndrome in Ontario, Canada. Detection rates (DR), false positive rates (FPR), and odds ratios were estimated using both single and combinations of markers for the adverse outcomes defined. Results Women with decreased second trimester unconjugated oestriol (uE3), deceased first trimester maternal serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), increased second trimester serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP), or increased second trimester total human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) were at greater risk of developing adverse pregnancy outcomes. At a 5% FPR, combinations of these markers predicted at best 33.3% of fetal loss and 31.5% of preterm births (PTB) before 32 weeks of gestation. Conclusion There are significant associations between the levels of first and second trimester serum markers and adverse obstetric outcomes. However, even combinations of these markers can only predict adverse obstetric outcomes with modest accuracy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Prospective experience with integrated prenatal screening and first trimester combined screening for trisomy 21 in a large Canadian urban centerPRENATAL DIAGNOSIS, Issue 11 2008Nanette Okun Abstract Objectives To evaluate the performance of integrated prenatal screening (IPS) and first trimester combined screening (FTS) for trisomy 21 in a large Canadian urban center. Method Prospective data collection on women having FTS at one center from 1 November 2003 to 31 December 2005, or IPS at another from 1 January 2003 to 31 December 2005. A positive screen was defined as adjusted risk for trisomy 21 , 1/200 at term or nuchal translucency , 3.5 mm. Results 32 227 and 14 487 women were screened in the IPS and FTS programs, respectively. Detection rates (DRs) and positive rates (PRs) for trisomy 21 were 88.4% (95% CI: 81.6,91.5) and 3.3% (95% CI: 3.1,3.5) for IPS, and 83.9% (95% CI: 74.7,93.0) and 4.0% (95% CI: 3.7,4.3) for FTS. DR adjusted for viability bias was 85.2% for IPS and 78.6% for FTS. Applying both the screens to the 78 134 women who submitted prenatal screens in Ontario in 2005, thereby eliminating the effect of differences in the distribution of maternal age between screens, gave a DR (corrected for viability bias) and PR of 81 and 3.1% for IPS, and 76 and 3.4% for FTS. Conclusions Both IPS and FTS perform well and are feasible in a practical clinical setting. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Detecting New Forms of Network Intrusion Using Genetic ProgrammingCOMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE, Issue 3 2004Wei Lu How to find and detect novel or unknown network attacks is one of the most important objectives in current intrusion detection systems. In this paper, a rule evolution approach based on Genetic Programming (GP) for detecting novel attacks on networks is presented and four genetic operators, namely reproduction, mutation, crossover, and dropping condition operators, are used to evolve new rules. New rules are used to detect novel or known network attacks. A training and testing dataset proposed by DARPA is used to evolve and evaluate these new rules. The proof of concept implementation shows that a rule generated by GP has a low false positive rate (FPR), a low false negative rate and a high rate of detecting unknown attacks. Moreover, the rule base composed of new rules has high detection rate with low FPR. An alternative to the DARPA evaluation approach is also investigated. [source] An Adaptive Conjugate Gradient Neural Network,Wavelet Model for Traffic Incident DetectionCOMPUTER-AIDED CIVIL AND INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING, Issue 4 2000H. Adeli Artificial neural networks are known to be effective in solving problems involving pattern recognition and classification. The traffic incident-detection problem can be viewed as recognizing incident patterns from incident-free patterns. A neural network classifier has to be trained first using incident and incident-free traffic data. The dimensionality of the training input data is high, and the embedded incident characteristics are not easily detectable. In this article we present a computational model for automatic traffic incident detection using discrete wavelet transform, linear discriminant analysis, and neural networks. Wavelet transform and linear discriminant analysis are used for feature extraction, denoising, and effective preprocessing of data before an adaptive neural network model is used to make the traffic incident detection. Simulated as well as actual traffic data are used to test the model. For incidents with a duration of more than 5 minutes, the incident-detection model yields a detection rate of nearly 100 percent and a false-alarm rate of about 1 percent for two- or three-lane freeways. [source] O-13 ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA DETECTED WITH SUREPATH LIQUID BASED CERVICAL CYTOLOGY: COMPARISON WITH CONVENTIONAL CERVICAL CYTOLOGYCYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 2006C. J. Patel Introduction:, Conventional Pap Smear (CPS) has had little impact on the detection of endometrial carcinoma (MC). Although Liquid Based Cytology (LBC) is replacing CPS in the UK, experience with identification of endometrial cancers with this is limited. A few studies of ThinPrep LBC show promise with reported increased detection rate, but to date, there has been no reported study of detection with SurePath LBC. Aim:, The purpose of this 2-year retrospective study was to compare the accuracy of the SurePath LBC with that of conventional smear in detecting endometrial cancers. Methods:, Our study group consisted of all SurePath cases of endometrial atypia/carcinoma diagnosed between 1st Jan 2004 and 31st Dec 2005, following 100% conversion of our laboratory to the SurePath system in 2001. Conventional smears reported over a 6-year period (1993,1998), comprised the control group. Histological follow up was obtained. Results:, Endometrial lesions were reported in 95 (0.07%) of 130352 SurePath LBC smears. These included 70 (0.053%) reports of endometrial atypia, 05 (0.003%) suspicious and 20 (0.015%) diagnostic of endometrial carcinoma. A total of 58 (0.014%) cases of 409495 CPS were diagnosed as endometrial carcinoma. Adequate histological follow up was available in 47 (49.5%) SurePath LBC and 52 (89.6%) conventional cases. In these, the positive predictive value (PPV) for endometrial carcinoma of SurePath LBC was 73.3% compared to 55.4% of CPS. The PPV for endometrial carcinoma of the atypical and suspicious LBC categories was 14.3% and 40% respectively. No categorisation as atypical or suspicious in the conventional study was available for comparison. The sensitivity of the SurePath LBC, calculated from retrograde analysis of histologically diagnosed endometrial cancers during the same period was 40%. Conclusion:, The SurePath LBC is at least an as accurate and sensitive method for detecting endometrial cancer as CPS. [source] Making the case for objective performance metrics in newborn screening by tandem mass spectrometryDEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES RESEARCH REVIEW, Issue 4 2006Piero Rinaldo Abstract The expansion of newborn screening programs to include multiplex testing by tandem mass spectrometry requires understanding and close monitoring of performance metrics. This is not done consistently because of lack of defined targets, and interlaboratory comparison is almost nonexistent. Between July 2004 and April 2006 (N = 176,185 cases), the overall performance metrics of the Minnesota program, limited to MS/MS testing, were as follows: detection rate 1:1,816, positive predictive value 37% (54% in 2006 till date), and false positive rate 0.09%. The repeat rate and the proportion of cases with abnormal findings actually been reported are new metrics proposed here as an objective mean to express the overall noise in a program, where noise is defined as the total number of abnormal results obtained using a given set of cut-off values. On the basis of our experience, we propose the following targets as evidence of adequate analytical and postanalytical performance: detection rate 1:3,000 or higher, positive predictive value >20%, and false positive rate <0.3%. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2006;12:255,261. [source] HPV detection rate in discordant Pap tests between cytotechnologists and pathologistsDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 5 2009David C. Chhieng M.D. Abstract When a Pap test is referred for pathologist review, it is accompanied by the cytotechnologist's provisional interpretation. Discordant interpretations between pathologists and cytotechnologists are sometimes noted. The objective is to correlate HPV detection rate with both estimated false-negative fraction (EFNF) and ASC to SIL ratio among discordant ASC cases. ThinPrep Pap tests in which the cytotechnologists' provisional interpretations were up- or down-graded by pathologists to ASC were retrieved between January and December 2006. HPV DNA testing was performed using hybrid capture technique. EFNFs and ASC to SIL ratio were estimated for cytotechnologists and pathologists, respectively. Overall, the EFNF ratio was 3.4% and the high-risk HPV DNA detection rates in cases that were "over-" or "under-" interpreted by technologists were 0.71 and 0.40, respectively. The overall ASC to SIL ratio was 1.41 and the high-risk HPV DNA detection rates in cases that were upgraded or downgraded to ASC were 0.40 and 0.71, respectively. In conclusion, our ASC to SIL ratios and EFNF were within acceptable range. We did not observe any association between ASC to SIL ratio and HPV detection rate in cases that were upgraded or downgraded to ASC by pathologists or between EFNF ratio and HPV detection rate in cases that were "over-interpreted" (or "under-interpreted") by cytotechnologists. The HPV detection rates for ASC cases that were originally "over-interpreted" by cytotechnologists were comparable to the HPV detection rates for LSIL, whereas those that were underinterpreted were comparable to the HPV detection rate for ASC. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] The significance of endocervical cells and metaplastic squamous cells in liquid-based cervical cytologyDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 4 2009Kai M. Leung M.B.B.S. Abstract We conducted a retrospective study to investigate whether the presence or absence of endocervical cells (EC) and metaplastic squamous cells (MSC) was associated with the detection of squamous intraepithelial lesions in liquid-based cervical cytology. 90,376 cases of liquid-based cervical cytology smears received in 2006 were included in the study. Low-grade (LSIL) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) were classified according to the Bethesda system (2001). The rates of detecting LSIL and HSIL in smears with and without EC and/or MSC were determined. There were 1,540 LSIL and 396 HSIL. The ratio of HSIL/NILM (no intraepithelial lesion or malignancy) was 0.0022 in smears without EC or MSC, 0.0040 in smears with EC only, 0.0044 in smears with MSC only, and 0.0056 in smears with both EC and MSC present. Compared with smears without EC or MSC, this ratio was significantly higher (P < 0.05) when either EC or MSC was present. Compared with smears with EC only, the ratio was also significantly higher when both EC and MSC were present (P < 0.05). On the other hand, the presence or absence of EC had no effect on the detection rate of LSIL (0.0191 for both groups), while the presence of MSC was actually associated with lower detection rate of LSIL (0.0153, P < 0.05). The presence of endocervical and metaplastic cells was associated with higher detection rates of HSIL. MSC was associated with lower detection or LSIL. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Clinical impact (cost-effectiveness) of qualifying atypical squamous cells of undeterminate significance (ASCUS) in cases favoring a reactive or dysplastic processDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 1 2003F.M. Carozzi Ph.D. Abstract The cost-effectiveness of qualifying ASCUS cases into two different subcategories, favoring a reactive (ASCUS-R) or dysplastic process (ASCUS-S), was evaluated at the Centro per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica of Florence in a prospective study. The study determined the positive predictive value (PPV) for histologically confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2) or more (CIN>) severe lesion of the two ASCUS subgroups. ASCUS-S had a PPV (10.78%) comparable to low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) (11.40%). For ASCUS-R cases, the recommendation of 6-mo repeat cytology prompting colposcopy in cases of persistent ASCUS or more severe cytology was also effective, as it selected a subgroup with a relatively high PPV (10.34%). The cost-effectiveness of a protocol based on ASCUS qualification was compared with two other possible options for nonqualified ASCUS cases: immediate colposcopy and colposcopy in persistent ASCUS at 6-mo repeat cytology.. The detection rate of CIN2> was substantially higher using ASCUS qualification (35.9 vs 14.8 or 17.1). The cost per ASCUS subject was ,24.99, 27.11, or 25.14 and that per CIN2> detected was ,697, 1,831 or 1,470 for the three options, respectively. The evidence that ASCUS detection option implies a higher detection rate of CIN2> and subsequently a lower cost per CIN2> detection must be considered with caution and deserves confirmation by other comparative studies. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;29:4,7. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] COMPARISON OF ENDOSCOPIC DETECTION RATE OF EARLY GASTRIC CANCER AND GASTRIC ADENOMA USING TRANSNASAL EGD WITH THAT OF TRANSORAL EGDDIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY, Issue 4 2008Yukiya Yoshida Background:, To investigate the influence of the reduced image quality of transnasal esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with the ultrathin endoscope (transnasal EGD) on endoscopic diagnoses, we compared the detection rate (DR) of early gastric cancer and gastric adenoma by transnasal EGD with that of transoral EGD using a standard endoscope. Methods:, Transnasal EGD was carried out in 2791 examinations for the purposes of screening or other reasons. Controls were examined by transoral EGD and numbered 3591 examinations. The transnasal endoscope used was an EG530N. Lesions graded C-3 or higher by Kimura-Takemoto's classification were regarded as endoscopic atrophy. Results:, (i) DR in all subjects and those with atrophy were not different between transnasal and transoral EGD. (ii) Multivariate analysis of DR in subjects with atrophy was carried out using five variables: gender, age, purposes of endoscopy, endoscopic insertion route and the four endoscopists. DR was significantly higher in males or subjects ,60 years. No difference was noted between the endoscopic insertion routes (transnasal vs transoral). (iii) The subjects analyzed in (ii) were divided into the transnasal and transoral groups, and multivariate analysis of DR was carried out using four variables. DR was not different among the endoscopists in the transoral group. However, in the transnasal group, DR increased as the years of endoscopic experience was prolonged. Conclusions:, Multivariate analysis detected no significant difference in DR between transnasal and transoral EGD. However, a significant difference in DR by transnasal EGD among the endoscopists is detected. Transnasal EGD should be carefully carried out by experienced endoscopists. [source] Pattern recognition in capillary electrophoresis data using dynamic programming in the wavelet domainELECTROPHORESIS, Issue 13 2008Gerardo A. Ceballos Abstract A novel approach for CE data analysis based on pattern recognition techniques in the wavelet domain is presented. Low-resolution, denoised electropherograms are obtained by applying several preprocessing algorithms including denoising, baseline correction, and detection of the region of interest in the wavelet domain. The resultant signals are mapped into character sequences using first derivative information and multilevel peak height quantization. Next, a local alignment algorithm is applied on the coded sequences for peak pattern recognition. We also propose 2-D and 3-D representations of the found patterns for fast visual evaluation of the variability of chemical substances concentration in the analyzed samples. The proposed approach is tested on the analysis of intracerebral microdialysate data obtained by CE and LIF detection, achieving a correct detection rate of about 85% with a processing time of less than 0.3,s per 25,000-point electropherogram. Using a local alignment algorithm on low-resolution denoised electropherograms might have a great impact on high-throughput CE since the proposed methodology will substitute automatic fast pattern recognition analysis for slow, human based time-consuming visual pattern recognition methods. [source] Detection and delineation of P and T waves in 12-lead electrocardiogramsEXPERT SYSTEMS, Issue 1 2009Sarabjeet Mehta Abstract: This paper presents an efficient method for the detection and delineation of P and T waves in 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) using a support vector machine (SVM). Digital filtering techniques are used to remove power line interference and baseline wander. An SVM is used as a classifier for the detection and delineation of P and T waves. The performance of the algorithm is validated using original simultaneously recorded 12-lead ECG recordings from the standard CSE (Common Standards for Quantitative Electrocardiography) ECG multi-lead measurement library. A significant detection rate of 95.43% is achieved for P wave detection and 96.89% for T wave detection. Delineation performance of the algorithm is validated by calculating the mean and standard deviation of the differences between automatic and manual annotations by the referee cardiologists. The proposed method not only detects all kinds of morphologies of QRS complexes, P and T waves but also delineates them accurately. The onsets and offsets of the detected P and T waves are found to be within the tolerance limits given in the CSE library. [source] Molecular epidemiology of Yersinia enterocolitica infectionsFEMS IMMUNOLOGY & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 3 2006Maria Fredriksson-Ahomaa Abstract Yersinia enterocolitica is an important food-borne pathogen that can cause yersiniosis in humans and animals. The epidemiology of Y. enterocolitica infections is complex and remains poorly understood. Most cases of yersiniosis occur sporadically without an apparent source. The main sources of human infection are assumed to be pork and pork products, as pigs are a major reservoir of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica. However, no clear evidence shows that such a transmission route exists. Using PCR, the detection rate of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica in raw pork products is high, which reinforces the assumption that these products are a transmission link between pigs and humans. Several different DNA-based methods have been used to characterize Y. enterocolitica strains. However, the high genetic similarity between strains and the predominating genotypes within the bio- and serotype have limited the benefit of these methods in epidemiological studies. Similar DNA patterns have been obtained among human and pig strains of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica, corroborating the view that pigs are an important source of human yersiniosis. Indistinguishable genotypes have also been found between human strains and dog, cat, sheep and wild rodent strains, indicating that these animals are other possible infection sources for humans. [source] Predator perches: a visual search perspectiveFUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY, Issue 2 2009Malte Andersson Summary 1Predators hunting by sight often search for prey from elevated perches or hovering positions above the prey habitat. Theory suggests that prey visibility depends strongly on predator perch height and distance, but their quantitative effects have not been experimentally tested in natural habitats. 2We estimate for the first time how prey visibility depends on predator perch height, distance and vegetation height in an open natural habitat, based on visibility measurements of two targets: a mounted bird and a graduated plate, from five perch heights (0·2,8 m) and six distances (5,120 m). 3For both targets, their proportion visible increases strongly with observer perch height and proximity. From the lowest perch, visibility of the target bird declines to < 5% beyond 20 m distance, but 40% of it remains visible from the highest perch even at 120 m. 4Models of predator search suggest that hunting success and predation rate depend strongly on the prey detection rate, which is expected to decline with distance r approximately as r,d. However, d, the distance decay parameter, has not previously been empirically estimated in natural predator habitats. For distance , prey visibility relationships similar to those observed here, we find a realistic estimate of d to be 2·1,2·4. 5The results demonstrate the crucial role of relative perch and vegetation height for prey visibility, which is of relevance for habitat management. The strong increase of prey visibility with predator search height suggests that removal of predator perches can improve the survival of endangered prey populations in open habitats. Conversely, perch preservation or addition can improve habitat suitability for some predator species where perches are rare or lacking. [source] Improved detection of chromosomal abnormalities in chronic lymphocytic leukemia by conventional cytogenetics using CpG oligonucleotide and interleukin-2 stimulation: A Belgian multicentric study,GENES, CHROMOSOMES AND CANCER, Issue 10 2009Natalie Put We performed a multicentric study to assess the impact of two different culture procedures on the detection of chromosomal abnormalities in 217 consecutive unselected cases with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) referred for routine analysis either at the time of diagnosis (n = 172) or during disease evolution (n = 45). Parallel cultures of peripheral blood or bone marrow were set up with the addition of either the conventional B-cell mitogen 12- O -tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or a combination of CpG oligonucleotide (CpG) and interleukin-2 (IL-2). Cytogenetic analyses were performed on both cultures. Clonal abnormalities were identified in 116 cases (53%). In 78 cases (36%), the aberrant clone was detected in both cultures. Among these, the percentages of aberrant metaphases were similar in both conditions in 17 cases, higher in the CpG/IL-2 culture in 43 cases, and higher in the TPA culture in 18 cases. Clonal aberrations were detected in only one culture, either in CpG/IL-2 or TPA in 33 (15%) and 5 (2%) cases, respectively. Taken together, abnormal karyotypes were observed in 51% with CpG/IL-2 and 38% with TPA (P < 0.0001). Application of FISH (n = 201) allowed the detection of abnormalities not visible by conventional cytogenetic analysis in 80 cases: del(13q) (n = 71), del(11q) (n = 5), +12 (n = 2), del(14q) (n = 1), and del(17p) (n = 1). In conclusion, our results confirm that CpG/IL-2 stimulation increases the detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities in CLL compared with TPA and that further improvement can be obtained by FISH. However, neither conventional cytogenetics nor FISH detected all aberrations, demonstrating the complementary nature of these techniques. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Screening for local and regional cancer recurrence in patients curatively treated for laryngeal cancer: Definition of a high-risk group and estimation of the lead timeHEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 5 2007Savitri C. Ritoe MD Abstract Background. All patients treated for laryngeal cancer are offered the same follow-up schedule to detect asymptomatic locoregional recurrences. In this study, we evaluated the prognostic profile of patients for cancer recurrence and estimated the lead time. Methods. A cohort study was performed between 1990 and 1995. Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the prognostic factors. The effect of altering the follow-up for asymptomatic recurrence detection was determined after estimating the lead time. Results. The variables cT classification, smoking, and histologic grade proved to be prognostic factors. The risk of locoregional failure was 15% in the low-risk group versus 29% in the high-risk group. The estimated lead time was 2 to 4 weeks. Conclusion. Risk profiles for locoregional relapse were defined. Intensifying the follow-up schedule is not advisable because the lead time is very short. An excessively high number of routine visits would have to be performed to increase the detection rate for asymptomatic recurrences. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2007 [source] Determination of the mutation spectrum of the EXT1/EXT2 genes in British Caucasian patients with multiple osteochondromas, and exclusion of six candidate genes in EXT negative cases,,HUMAN MUTATION, Issue 11 2006Lorne Lonie Abstract We describe here the spectrum and distribution of mutations in the EXT1 and EXT2 genes in the largest reported British Caucasian multiple osteochondromas (MO) population. Furthermore, we report for the first time the screening of the EXT1 and EXT2 promoters, 5,UTRs, and 3,UTRs, and exclude six potential MO candidate genes in individuals without a detectable mutation within the coding region of EXT1 and EXT2. The coding exons of EXT1 and EXT2 were screened in 72 unrelated probands affected with MO. Forty-six different mutations were identified in 56 probands, of which 29 were novel. Mutation in the EXT1 and EXT2 genes each accounted for 50% of the mutations identified. Of the 72 probands, 42 were of British Caucasian descent, which when added to the 41 British Caucasian families previously reported from our total cohort, gave a total of 83 families. This cohort's proportional frequency for EXT1/EXT2 mutation was 53%/47%. We also validated the technique of high-resolution melting analysis in a blind study using 27 unique EXT1 or EXT2 mutations. This technique was found to be sensitive with a detection rate of 100% regarding heterozygote detection for EXT mutation scanning. Furthermore, this technique has a very high throughput and is very cost-effective. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Spectrum of molecular defects and mutation detection rate in patients with severe hemophilia A,HUMAN MUTATION, Issue 3 2005Nadja Bogdanova Abstract Hemophilia A is the most frequently occurring X-linked bleeding disorder, affecting one to two out of 10,000 males worldwide. Various types of mutations in the F8 gene are causative for this condition. It is well known that the most common mutation in severely affected patients is the intron 22 inversion, which accounts for about 45% of cases with F8 residual activity of less than 1%. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the spectrum and distribution of mutations in the F8 gene in a large group of patients with severe hemophilia A who previously tested negative for the common intron 22 inversion. Here we report on a mutation analysis of 86 patients collected under the above-mentioned criterion. The pathogenic molecular defect was identified in all patients, and thus our detection rate was virtually 100%. Thirty-four of the identified mutations are described for the first time. The newly detected amino acid substitutions were scored for potential gross or local conformational changes and influence on molecular stability for every single F8 domain with available structures, using homology modeling. Hum Mutat Res 26(3), 249,254, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Novel COL4A5, COL4A4, and COL4A3 mutations in Alport syndrome,,HUMAN MUTATION, Issue 1 2005Mato Nagel Abstract This study summarizes 47 novel mutations identified during routine molecular diagnostics for Alport syndrome. We detected 34 in COL4A5, the gene responsible for X-linked Alport syndrome, and 13 in COL4A3 and COL4A4, the genes responsible for autosomal recessive Alport syndrome. A high detection rate of 90% was achieved among patients with typical clinical symptoms and a characteristic family history in both X-linked and autosomal recessive forms, and it can be assumed that most relevant mutations have been identified. In numerous positively tested patients, genetic variations which are unknown were detected. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Utility of regular medical examinations of occupational diversINTERNAL MEDICINE JOURNAL, Issue 11 2009C. Sames Abstract The utility of regular medical fitness-for-diving examinations of occupational divers is unknown. The aim of this audit was to investigate the impact on the employment of occupational divers of a 5-yearly medical examination and an annual health surveillance questionnaire administered in intervening years. The medical records of all New Zealand occupational divers registered with the Department of Labour for at least 5 years were audited (n= 336). Each record included at least two full medical examinations (mean spacing of 5.6 years). An impact on career was defined as the diver being issued with either a conditional certificate of fitness or being graded as temporarily or permanently unfit for diving. The means by which the relevant medical issue was identified was recorded. Ten (3%) of 336 divers had an assessment outcome, which had a career impact. One was considered permanently unfit, four were temporarily unfit, and five were issued with conditional certification. Two were identified by respiratory function testing and eight by way of their responses to the questionnaire; none was found by the medical interview and examination process. The questionnaire system did not ,miss' any divers who developed a critically important health problem, and detected most of those with less important problems. Five yearly medical examinations have a low detection rate for important health problems, but remain useful for discussion of risk understanding, acceptance and mitigation. [source] A randomized controlled trial assessing the effectiveness of professional oral care by dental hygienistsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DENTAL HYGIENE, Issue 1 2008T Sato Abstract:, Objectives: This study was designed to compare professional oral care (POC) by a dental hygienist with tooth brushing and mouth rinsing by patients themselves according to the instructions of a nurse (control). Methods: Forty patients were randomly assigned to either the POC group (n = 20) or control group (n = 20). The presence of plaque and bacteria was assessed clinically. Results: One patient in the POC group and three patients in the control group dropped out because of exacerbation of underlying disease or death. Plaque control record scores were significantly lower in the POC group than in the control group on the fifth hospital day and the day of discharge. There was no significant difference between the groups in the detection rate of Candida species; and nosocomial pathogens on either day. Conclusions: Professional oral care by a dental hygienist is more effective than tooth brushing and mouth rinsing by patients themselves according to the instructions of a nurse. [source] An in-home geriatric programme for vulnerable community-dwelling older people improves the detection of dementia in primary careINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 12 2008M. Perry Abstract Background/objective Dementia is under-diagnosed in primary care. This study investigated whether an in-home geriatric assessment and management programme could improve the identification of patients with dementia in primary care. Methods A secondary analysis was performed, using data of a randomised controlled trial that studied the effects of an in-home geriatric evaluation and management programme compared with usual care. In this trial, 151 vulnerable community-dwelling patients, aged 70 years and older, participated: 86 in the intervention group and 66 in de control group. The effect of the programme on the dementia detection rate was determined by comparing the number of new dementia diagnoses in both study arms at 6 months follow-up. Results Of all 151 participants, 38 (25%) had a registered dementia diagnosis at baseline. During follow-up, 23 of 113 patients without a registered dementia diagnosis at baseline were identified as suffering from dementia. The difference between the numbers of new dementia diagnoses in the intervention group (19 of 66 patients) and the control group (4 of 47 patients) was significant. (p,=,0.02) Conclusion An in-home geriatric assessment and management programme for vulnerable older patients improves the detection of dementia and can therefore contribute to overcoming of under-diagnosis of dementia. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Scale and skew-invariant road sign recognitionINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMAGING SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 1 2007Yi-Sheng Liu Abstract A fast and robust method to detect and recognize scaled and skewed road signs is proposed in this paper. In the detection stage, the input color image is first quantized in HSV color model. Border tracing those regions with the same colors as road signs is adopted to find the regions of interest (ROI). The ROIs are then automatically adjusted to fit road sign shape models so as to facilitate detection verification even for scaled and skewed road signs in complicated scenes. Moreover, the ROI adjustment and verification are both performed only on border pixels; thus, the proposed road sign detector is fast. In the recognition stage, the detected road sign is normalized first. Histogram matching based on polar mesh is then adopted to measure the similarity between the scene and model road signs to accomplish recognition. Since histogram matching is fast and has high tolerance to distortion and deformation while contextual information can still be incorporated into it in a natural and elegant way, our method has high recognition accuracy and fast execution speed. Experiment results show that the detection rate and recognition accuracy of our method can achieve 94.2% and 91.7%, respectively. On an average, it takes only 4,50 and 10 ms for detection and recognition, respectively. Thus, the proposed method is effective, yet efficient. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 17, 28,39, 2007 [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||