			Home About us Contact

Detailed Anatomy (detailed + anatomy)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Life Sciences	71%

Selected Abstracts

Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of congenital perineal skin tag: case report and review of the literature

PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS, Issue 11 2006
Angelika Bord
Abstract Background Skin tags, or acrochordons, are benign, soft, fleshy tumors that are composed of hyperplastic epidermis covering a dermal connective tissue stalk. Methods Case report of a congenital perineal skin tag that presented as a perineal tumor during second-trimester sonographic scan at 23 weeks' gestation. Literature review of the medical literature using Pubmed® and the search terms acrochordon, fibroepithelial polyp (FEP), and skin tag. Results Routine midtrimester targeted organ scanning at 23 weeks' gestation revealed a 5-mm hypoechogenic elongated mass in the perineal area of the fetus. The lesion progressed to twice that size by 36 weeks. Detailed anatomy scan of the fetus was unremarkable, and amniocentesis demonstrated normal karyotype. The mother developed spontaneous labor at 38 weeks' gestation and delivered a phenotypically normal girl with a round smooth mass in the perineal area. The lesion was removed; pathologic examination revealed a lipomatous skin tag. Literature review showed skin tags associated with different medical conditions. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, no prenatally diagnosed cases of this lesion on the fetal perineum have been published. In the present case, this was an innocuous finding. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

CT and Cross-sectional Anatomy of the Normal Head of the Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta)

ANATOMIA, HISTOLOGIA, EMBRYOLOGIA, Issue 2005
A. Arencibia
The objective of this study is to describe the CT anatomy of the normal loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) head using three loggerhead sea turtle heads. CT imaging was performed using the following parameters: K.v.: 120 mAs: 220, and a soft-tissue window (WW 1880, WL 465): Transverse and sagittal CT images were obtained. Detailed anatomy of the head was acquired with the sagittal and transverse series. The heads were frozen and then sectioned using an electric saw, to compare them with the CT images. In CT, the grey scale is directly related to the radiation attenuation of the head structures. The skull and hyoid bones, and the lower jaw were easily identifiable due to the high CT density image compared to adjacent or surrounding structures such as the respiratory system, oral cavity, oesophagus and cranial cavity that appeared as a low opacity. The nervous structures, salt gland, eyeball, ramphoteca structure and different muscles of the head had an intermediate CT density and appeared grey. CT images of the loggerhead sea turtle head provided excellent detail of clinically relevant anatomy and correlated well with corresponding gross specimens. CT of the head has considerable advantages over other techniques: CT provides excellent spatial resolution and good discrimination between bone and soft tissue, and the structures are viewed without superimposition. The planimetric or sectional anatomy of the head allows a correct morphologic and topographic evaluation of the anatomic structures, which is a useful tool for the identification of the CT images. With developing technology, CT imaging may soon become more readily available for exotic animals imaging. In the same way, we consider it quite useful to be able to establish some references on head, in order to scan only selected parts during a clinical or experimental approach. The information presented in this communication should serve as an initial reference to evaluate CT images of the loggerhead sea turtle head and to assist interpretation of lesions of this region. [source]

Computational physiology and the physiome project

EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 1 2004
Edmund J. Crampin
Bioengineering analyses of physiological systems use the computational solution of physical conservation laws on anatomically detailed geometric models to understand the physiological function of intact organs in terms of the properties and behaviour of the cells and tissues within the organ. By linking behaviour in a quantitative, mathematically defined sense across multiple scales of biological organization , from proteins to cells, tissues, organs and organ systems , these methods have the potential to link patient-specific knowledge at the two ends of these spatial scales. A genetic profile linked to cardiac ion channel mutations, for example, can be interpreted in relation to body surface ECG measurements via a mathematical model of the heart and torso, which includes the spatial distribution of cardiac ion channels throughout the myocardium and the individual kinetics for each of the approximately 50 types of ion channel, exchanger or pump known to be present in the heart. Similarly, linking molecular defects such as mutations of chloride ion channels in lung epithelial cells to the integrated function of the intact lung requires models that include the detailed anatomy of the lungs, the physics of air flow, blood flow and gas exchange, together with the large deformation mechanics of breathing. Organizing this large body of knowledge into a coherent framework for modelling requires the development of ontologies, markup languages for encoding models, and web-accessible distributed databases. In this article we review the state of the field at all the relevant levels, and the tools that are being developed to tackle such complexity. Integrative physiology is central to the interpretation of genomic and proteomic data, and is becoming a highly quantitative, computer-intensive discipline. [source]

Micro-magnetic resonance imaging of avian embryos

JOURNAL OF ANATOMY, Issue 6 2007
Xiaojing Li
Abstract Chick embryos are useful models for probing developmental mechanisms including those involved in organogenesis. In addition to classic embryological manipulations, it is possible to test the function of molecules and genes while the embryo remains within the egg. Here we define conditions for imaging chick embryo anatomy and for visualising living quail embryos. We focus on the developing limb and describe how different tissues can be imaged using micro-magnetic resonance imaging and this information then synthesised, using a three-dimensional visualisation package, into detailed anatomy. We illustrate the potential for micro-magnetic resonance imaging to analyse phenotypic changes following chick limb manipulation. The work with the living quail embryos lays the foundations for using micro-magnetic resonance imaging as an experimental tool to follow the consequences of such manipulations over time. [source]

The Jurassic Bivalve Genus Placunopsis: New Evidence On Anatomy and Affinities

PALAEONTOLOGY, Issue 3 2002
Jonathan A. Todd
The Jurassic bivalve genus Placunopsis Morris and Lycett, 1853 is shown to be an anomiid on account of the detailed anatomy of its hitherto unknown right valve and the corresponding musculature in the left valve. Herein the most appropriate choice for type species is considered to be P. inaequalis (Phillips, 1829), which accommodates a number of the larger Late Jurassic nominal species. A species from the English Bathonian previously confused with P. inaequalis is described as P. fuersichi sp. nov. Placunopsis inaequalis is shown to be closely related to Recent Pododesmus, which has previously been interpreted as the most ,primitive' of the extant anomiids on the basis of its anatomy. There is thus no need to retain a separate family for the genus, as has been proposed by some workers. The distinct small species P. socialis Morris and Lycett, 1853 can also be assigned to the anomiids on the basis of the differences between the structure of the outer layers in the two valves, and the presence of a byssal foramen. There is some suggestion of calcification of the byssus, but not enough detail is known of its musculature to justify transferring it to the genus Juranomia Fürsich and Werner, 1989 at this stage. The cemented bivalves traditionally referred to Placunopsis that are so common in the European Muschelkalk (Triassic) are not anomiids and thus require systematic revision. [source]

A retrospective view on research in neuroscience in Norway

ACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 2008
L. Gjerstad
This brief historical review on neuroscience in Norway shows a comparatively high research activity with many important results. The Norwegian zoologist Fridtjof Nansen, who later became a famous Arctic explorer, was the first to formulate the neuron doctrine. ,The Oslo School of Neuroanatomy' contributed enormously to the understanding of the detailed anatomy and chemistry of the central nervous system. Norwegian neurophysiologists made important findings from studies of hippocampus including the inhibitory basket cell, the LTP phenomenon and the ,hippocampal-slice-technique'. In clinical neuroscience the description of Refsum's disease and studies of myasthenia gravis and multiple sclerosis have been of particular importance. Two of 13 centres of excellence in Norway selected in 2003 were from neuroscience, and The Norwegian Research Council has its own programme for neuroscience. The Norwegian Neurological Association arranges annual meetings to promote interest in neurological research. [source]

Innervation of vastus lateralis muscle

CLINICAL ANATOMY, Issue 5 2007
S. Patil
Abstract The lateral surgical approach to the proximal femur potentially damages the nerve supply to the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle. This study describes the detailed anatomy of the nerve supply to the VL muscle based on dissection of ten cadaveric lower limbs. In all specimens, a single nerve trunk arose from the femoral nerve, which is most subsequently divided into two main divisions. These divisions gave two branches each. These branches coursed from anteriorly and proximally to posteriorly and distally within the muscle. When the muscle was reflected anteriorly from its attachment to the linea aspera, there was no damage to its innervation. Splitting of the VL in the midlateral line of the femur, however, resulted in denervation of the posterior half of the muscle. Precise knowledge of the nerve supply to the VL will help avoid iatrogenic denervation of the muscle in surgical procedures at the proximal femur through the lateral approach. Clin. Anat. 20:556,559, 2007. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]