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Detachment
Kinds of Detachment Terms modified by Detachment Selected AbstractsKinetic Echography in the Evaluation of Retinal DetachmentACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 6 2010Elizabeth J. Rubano MD No abstract is available for this article. [source] Development of the Detachment under the Influence of the Supersonic Flow in the Divertor RegionCONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS, Issue 1-3 2008O. Marchuk Abstract It is demonstrated in the framework of a one-dimensional model for the scrape-off layer that with increasing upstream plasma density and decreasing temperature near divertor target plates a supersonic flow develops in the front of the target. This flow is an important mechanism for the transition from high-recycling regime to a weak detached state and has a significant impact on the plasma parameters, in particular, the pressure and particle flux to the plates, after detachment. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Simulating the Role of Intrinsic Carbon Impurities in the Divertor Detachment of ASDEX UpgradeCONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS, Issue 1-3 2008M. Wischmeier Abstract As part of a general effort in validating SOL fluid Monte Carlo codes, well diagnosed ohmic discharges have been done in ASDEX Upgrade reaching from the lowest accessible density up to densities at which both targets were at least partially detached. The numerical code B2.5-EIRENE has been used to simulate these experiments with a particular focus on detachment. Whilst it is possible to qualitatively reproduce the general experimental observations when transiting from attached to detached plasmas, the simulations do not reproduce the detachment threshold observed in experiment quantitatively. The strong asymmetry of the ion flux density between the inner and the outer target with increasing density and in particular the vanishing ion flux, defined as full detachment, at the inner target cannot be reproduced. The influence of various parameters such as chemical sputtering yields and the effect of the activation of drift terms on the results is analyzed. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] The role of leaf inclination, leaf orientation and plant canopy architecture in soil particle detachment by raindropsEARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS, Issue 12 2005Kirsten Foot Abstract A laboratory investigation of the effect of plant architecture on soil particle detachment by rainfall is described. The effects of leaf inclination, leaf orientation, effective canopy area, leaf area index, leaf subcatchment area, lowest canopy area, largest canopy area, canopy overlap area and an alternative leaf area index are examined using artificial plants. Detachment from a 30 cm diameter splash cup filled with sand (150 µm,1 mm particle size) was measured under three types of plant (small leaved, broad leaved and long narrow leaved) for a 10 minute simulated rainstorm of 75 mm/h intensity. There were no significant differences in soil particle detachment between the three plant types or between detachment under the plants and detachment of bare soil. No significant relationships were obtained between detachment and any of the plant parameters. Soil particle detachment by leaf drips can offset any protective effects of the canopy so that detachment does not differ significantly from that on bare soil. Plant architecture significantly affected the distance from the plant stem at which detachment was concentrated even though the canopy diameters of the plants were similar. There would appear to be no advantages in a detailed description of plant architecture and its effects in process-based models of soil erosion. Parameters such as plant height and plant canopy area are sufficient descriptors for modelling plant effects. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Mass spectrometric detection of tyrosine sulfation in human pancreatic trypsinogens, but not in tumor-associated trypsinogenFEBS JOURNAL, Issue 2 2008Outi Itkonen Trypsinogen-1 and -2 are well-characterized enzymes that are expressed in the pancreas and also in several other tissues. Many cancers produce trypsinogen isoenzymes that differ from the pancreatic ones with respect to substrate specificity and isoelectric point. These tumor-associated trypsinogens play a pivotal role in cancer progression and metastasis. The differences between these and the pancreatic isoenzymes have been suggested to be caused by post-translational modification, either sulfation or phosphorylation of a tyrosine residue. We aimed to elucidate the cause of these differences. We isolated trypsinogens from pancreatic juice and conditioned medium from a colon carcinoma cell line. Intact proteins, and tryptic and chymotryptic peptides were characterized by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. We also used immunoblotting with antibody against phosphotyrosine and N-terminal sequencing. The results show that pancreatic trypsinogen-1 and -2 are sulfated at Tyr154, whereas tumor-associated trypsinogen-2 is not. Detachment of a labile sulfogroup could be demonstrated by both in-source dissociation and low-energy collision-induced dissociation in a tandem mass spectrometer. Tyrosine sulfation is an ubiquitous protein modification occurring in the secretory pathway, but its significance is often underestimated due to difficulties in its analysis. Sulfation is an almost irreversible modification that is thought to regulate protein,protein interactions and the activity of proteolytic enzymes. We conclude that the previously known differences in charge, substrate specificity and inhibitor binding between pancreatic and tumor-associated trypsinogens are probably caused by sulfation of Tyr154 in pancreatic trypsinogens. [source] High-Strength Hydrogels with Integrated Functions of H-bonding and Thermoresponsive Surface-Mediated Reverse Transfection and Cell DetachmentADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 24 2010Lei Tang The construction of a high-strength hydrogel with integrated functions by photo-initiated copolymerization of temperature-sensitive and hydrogen-bonding monomers is described. The hydrogen-bonding and thermoresponsive surface of hydrogels offers a multifunctional platform, where reverse gene transfection and gene-modified cell detachment can be achieved for the potential use in the regeneration and replacement of soft tissue. [source] Pressure,temperature,time evolution of the Central East Greenland Caledonides: quantitative constraints on crustal thickening and synorogenic extensionJOURNAL OF METAMORPHIC GEOLOGY, Issue 9 2003A. P. White Abstract Whereas geologists have known for three-quarters of a century that there was significant crustal thickening in the central East Greenland Caledonides, the crucial role of extensional faulting during Caledonian orogenesis has only been recognized during the past decade. In this paper, new petrographic and thermobarometric observations are presented from migmatitic metasedimentary gneisses of the Forsblad Fjord region (c. 72.5°N). Samples of the Krummedal Sequence, collected from the footwall of the upper of two significant splays of the main extensional fault system in the region,the Fjord Region Detachment (FRD),enable us to establish a relative sequence of metamorphism. Our pressure (P),temperature (T) results imply a clockwise loop in P,T space. As recorded by mineral assemblages in the Krummedal gneisses, prograde metamorphism involved a net increase of c. 4 kbar and 250 °C, with peak conditions of c. 10.5 kbar at 785 °C. Early burial and heating was followed by near-isothermal decompression of 4.5 kbar, a process which is attributed to roughly 18 km of tectonostratigraphic throw on the upper splay of the FRD. Combining data reported here with the published data, it is estimated that the approximate tectonostratigraphic throw along the lower splay of the FRD was c. 16 km. In situ U,Th,Pb-monazite electron microprobe dating suggests that the earliest phase of metamorphism recorded in the Krummedal Sequence gneisses of Forsblad Fjord occurred during the Caledonian orogeny. Furthermore, the combination of our new data with existing conventional TIMS U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar data imply that: (1) movement along the uppermost splay of the FRD (c. 425,423 Ma) occurred at maximum time-averaged slip-rates equivalent to c. 9 mm of vertical displacement per year; and (2) that the final stages of metamorphism occurred prior to c. 411 Ma, although part of this denudation was likely accommodated on overlying extensional structures that may have been active more recently. There is close agreement between our data and results from the Krummedal Sequence north of the field area (72.5°,74°N), and rocks of the Smallefjord Sequence (75°,76°N) that are suggested to correlate with the Krummedal Sequence. This leads us to infer that the events recorded in the Forsblad Fjord region are of orogen-scale significance. [source] Achilles Detachment in Rat and Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157: Promoted Tendon-to-Bone Healing and Opposed Corticosteroid AggravationJOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, Issue 5 2006Andrija Krivic Abstract Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (BPC 157, as an antiulcer agent in clinical trials for inflammatory bowel disease; PLD-116, PL 14736, Pliva, no toxicity reported) alone (without carrier) ameliorates healing of tendon and bone, respectively, as well as other tissues. Thereby, we focus on Achilles tendon-to-bone healing: tendon to bone could not be healed spontaneously, but it was recovered by this peptide. After the rat's Achilles tendon was sharply transected from calcaneal bone, agents [BPC 157 (10 µg, 10 ng, 10 pg), 6,-methylprednisolone (1 mg), 0.9% NaCl (5 mL)] were given alone or in combination [/kg body weight (b.w.) intraperitoneally, once time daily, first 30-min after surgery, last 24 h before analysis]. Tested at days 1, 4, 7, 10, 14, and 21 after Achilles detachment, BPC 157 improves healing functionally [Achilles functional index (AFI) values substantially increased], biomechanically (load to failure, stiffness, and Young elasticity modulus significantly increased), macro/microscopically, immunohistochemistry (better organization of collagen fibers, and advanced vascular appearance, more collagen type I). 6,-Methylprednisolone consistently aggravates the healing, while BPC 157 substantially reduces 6,-methylprednisolone healing aggravation. Thus, direct tendon-to-bone healing using stabile nontoxic peptide BPC 157 without a carrier might successfully exchange the present reconstructive surgical methods. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res [source] Detachment of sprayed colloidal copper oxychloride,metalaxyl fungicides by a shallow water flowPEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE (FORMERLY: PESTICIDE SCIENCE), Issue 6 2009Eva Pose-Juan Abstract BACKGROUND: Flow shear stress induced by rainfall promotes the loss of the pesticides sprayed on crops. Some of the factors influencing the losses of colloidal-size particulate fungicides are quantified by using a rotating shear system model. With this device it was possible to analyse the flow shear influencing washoff of a commercial fungicide formulation based on a copper oxychloride,metalaxyl mixture that was sprayed on a polypropylene surface. A factor plan with four variables, i.e. water speed and volume (both variables determining flow boundary stress in the shear device), formulation dosage and drying temperature, was set up to monitor colloid detachment. RESULTS: This experimental design, together with sorption experiments of metalaxyl on copper oxychloride, and the study of the dynamics of metalaxyl and copper oxychloride washoff, made it possible to prove that metalaxyl washoff from a polypropylene surface is controlled by transport in solution, whereas that of copper oxychloride occurs by particle detachment and transport of particles. Average losses for metalaxyl and copper oxychloride were, respectively, 29 and 50% of the quantity applied at the usual recommended dosage for crops. CONCLUSION: The key factors affecting losses were flow shear and the applied dosage. Empirical models using these factors provided good estimates of the percentage of fungicide loss. From the factor analysis, the main mechanism for metalaxyl loss induced by a shallow water flow is solubilisation, whereas copper loss is controlled by erosion of copper oxychloride particles. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Akt1-mediated Intracellular Oxidation after UVB Irradiation Suppresses Apoptotic Cell Death Induced by Cell Detachment and Serum StarvationPHOTOCHEMISTRY & PHOTOBIOLOGY, Issue 1 2008Yuko Ibuki Apoptosis is an important cell death system that deletes damaged and mutated cells to prevent cancer. We have previously reported that a certain dose of UVB irradiation inhibited the apoptosis induced by serum starvation and cell detachment, leading to cell transformation. This antiapoptotic effect was partially inhibited by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) inhibitors. UVB irradiation is known to cause the phosphorylation of Akt via the activation of PI3-kinase; however, the Akt isoform-specific relationship has not yet been clarified. Notably, the role in antiapoptotic effect of UVB has yet to be elucidated. In this study, the role of Akt1 in the UVB-induced inhibition of apoptosis was examined by Akt1 knockdown using small interfering RNA (siRNA). NIH3T3 cells showed typical apoptotic cell death by serum starvation and cell detachment, which was significantly inhibited by UVB irradiation. Akt1 knockdown decreased the antiapoptotic effect of UVB. Hydrogen peroxide-induced suppression of cell death was also decreased in Akt1 knockdown cells. An antioxidant, N -acetylcysteine, inhibited the antiapoptotic effect by UVB irradiation, whereas no inhibition was observed in Akt1 knockdown cells. Furthermore, UVB-induced intracellular peroxidation was not observed in the knockdown cells, indicating that Akt1 played an important role in mediating the intracellular redox status. Treatment with insulin had a similar antiapoptotic effect as UVB irradiation involving intracellular peroxidation, which was also attenuated in Akt1 knockdown cells. These findings suggest that appropriate intracellular oxidation after UVB irradiation prevented apoptosis, a process which might be partially regulated by the production of reactive oxygen species mediated by Akt1. [source] Short-Term Antiandrogen Flutamide Treatment Causes Structural Alterations in Somatic Cells Associated with Premature Detachment of Spermatids in the Testis of Pubertal and Adult Guinea PigsREPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS, Issue 3 2010LR Maschio Contents In spite of widespread application of flutamide in the endocrine therapies of young and adult patients, the side effects of this antiandrogen on spermatogenesis and germ-cell morphology remain unclear. This study evaluates the short-term androgen blockage effect induced by the administration of flutamide to the testes of pubertal (30-day old) and adult (65- and 135-day old) guinea pigs, with an emphasis on ultrastructural alterations of main cell types. The testes removed after 10 days of treatment with either a non-steroidal antiandrogen, flutamide (10 mg/kg of body weight) or a pharmacological vehicle alone were processed for histological, quantitative and ultrastructural analysis. In pubertal animals, flutamide androgenic blockage induces spermatogonial differentiation and accelerates testes maturation, causing degeneration and detachment of primary spermatocytes and round spermatids, which are subsequently found in great quantities in the epididymis caput. In post-pubertal and adult guinea pigs, in addition to causing germ-cell degeneration, especially in primary spermatocytes, and leading to the premature detachment of spherical spermatids, the antiandrogen treatment increased the relative volume of Leydig cells. In addition, ultrastructural evaluation indicated that irrespective of age antiandrogen treatment causes an increase in frequency of organelles involved with steroid hormone synthesis in the Leydig cells and a dramatic accumulation of myelin figures in their cytoplasm and, to a larger degree, in Sertoli cells. In conclusion, the transient exposition of the guinea pigs to flutamide, at all postnatal ages causes some degenerative lesions including severe premature detachment of spermatids and accumulation of myelin bodies in Leydig and Sertoli cells, compromising, at least temporarily, the spermatogenesis. [source] Detachment of the tip of a gum-elastic bougieANAESTHESIA, Issue 1 2002M. Gardner No abstract is available for this article. [source] Following the path of hydrophobic and hydrophilic particles in a Denver Cell using positron emission particle trackingASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 2 2009K. E. Waters Abstract Positron emission particle tracking (PEPT) has been used to track the movement of single particles of galena and quartz in a Denver Cell batch flotation system. The particles were labeled with a radionuclide, 18F, and using an ADAC Forte positron camera the positions of the particles were determined during mixing, and once air was added to the cell at a constant rate. The hydrophobic galena particle entered the froth readily, attached to air bubbles, and overflowed the weir. Detachment from an air bubble in the froth was also observed, and this is presumed to be due to coalescence events occurring. The hydrophilic quartz particle did not overflow the weir when the air flow was on. When the particle did enter the froth, it was along the sides of the vessel following the flow of the water. This gives a potential indication of one of the methods of the entrainment of gangue minerals in froth flotation. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Acute Glaucoma after Dilated Eye Exam in a Patient With Hyphema, Retinal Detachment, and Vitreous HemorrhageACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 1 2009Gavin Budhram MD No abstract is available for this article. [source] Cell Detachment Model for an Antibody-Based Microfluidic Cancer Screening SystemBIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS, Issue 5 2006Swapnil P. Wankhede We consider cells bound to the floor of a microfluidic channel and present a model of their flow-induced detachment. We approximate hydrodynamic force and cell elastic response using static finite-element simulation of a single cell. Detachment is assumed to occur when hydrodynamic and adhesive forces are roughly equal. The result is extended to multiple cells at the device level using a sigmoidal curve fit. The model is applied to a microfluidic cancer-screening device that discriminates between normal epithelial cells and cells infected with human papillomavirus (HPV), on the basis of increased expression of the transmembrane protein ,6 integrin in the latter. Here, the cells to be tested are bound to a microchannel floor coated with anti ,6 integrin antibodies. In an appropriate flow rate range, normal cells are washed away while HPV-infected cells remain bound. The model allows interpolation between data points to choose the optimal flow rate and provides insight into interaction of cell mechanical properties and the flow-induced detachment mechanism. Notably, the results suggest a significant influence of cell elastic response on detachment. [source] Swelling Induced Detachment of Chondrocytes Using RGD-Modified Poly(N -isopropylacrylamide) Hydrogel BeadsBIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS, Issue 3 2002Mee Ryang Kim Thermally sensitive poly( N -isopropylacrylamide, NIPAAm) hydrogel beads conjugated with a cell adhesive motif, GRGDY, were prepared and utilized as cell culture substrate for chondrocytes. They were produced to be uniform in size and distribution by using calcium alginate as a temporal mold. The RGD moieties were introduced, in a spatially selective manner, to the surface of the beads by conjugating GRGDY under the precollapsed state at a higher temperature above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). These RGD-conjugated polyNIPAAm beads demonstrated a reversible swelling and deswelling behavior around the LCST, which enabled the chondrocytes attached on the surface of collapsed beads at 37 °C to readily detach when the temperature was shifted below 37 °C. The cell detachment percentage was largely affected by the temperature-dependent reswelling extent of the collapsed RGD-modified beads. [source] Modeling of Particle Layer Detachment under Consideration of Transient Kinetic EffectsCHEMICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (CET), Issue 2 2010Q. Zhang Abstract Particle layers tend to build up on walls in many filtration and separation processes, calling for periodic removal in order to keep the device running. Important factors are the adhesion of the layer on the substrate and the cohesion of the particles in the layer. Models describing such layer detachment generally assume constant and homogeneous conditions for the forces acting on the layer. But in reality detachment is extremely nonstationary concerning place and time, primarily due to changing conditions for the forces on the one hand and changes in the particle layer morphology on the other. This paper describes a model and a simulation considering such transient kinetic effects on filter cake detachment. Diverse computing results are presented and discussed. [source] The Native Police of QueenslandHISTORY COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 4 2008Jonathan Richards The European colonisation of Queensland largely depended on the armed and mounted men of the Native Police , a brutal force which killed many Indigenous people on the frontier. Detachments of mounted Aboriginal troopers led by European officers would surround Aboriginal camps and fire into them at dawn, killing men, women and children. The bodies were often burned to destroy the evidence. Jonathan Richards has spent many years researching this controversial and distressing subject, finding his way through the secrecy, misinformation and supposed ,lost' files. In this article, based on the first comprehensive study of the force's history in Queensland, he argues that the Native Police was a classic example of ,divide and rule' practices. This colonising tactic, successfully used by the British and other imperial powers, was approved by government and by most European settlers. [source] P30 Transparent plastic foils allow a short patch-test application timeCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 3 2004Bolli Bjarnason Objective:, To investigate whether application of allergic patch tests with transparent semi-occlusive adhesive plastic foils yields higher test sensitivity than when tapes are used. To study whether such foils compared to tapes allow a shorter application time of tests. Methods:, We applied different doses of budesonide printed on polyester squares and vehicle control squares to budesonide allergic subjects for 4 days. Each subject was tested with a set of tests both with a tape and a foil. We assessed all tests when they had been detached and additionally those applied with foils at earlier time points. All assessments were performed both visually and with a laser Doppler perfusion imaging technique. Results:, Test sensitivity is higher with foil applications than when tapes are used and the perfusion is higher with the foils in many cases. The foils allow detachment of visually positive tests before 48 hours in some subjects, regardless of dose. Conclusions:, Test applications with transparent semi-occlusive adhesive plastic foils is sensitive and should be considered for application of patch tests when a short application time is important as when tests are carried out with occupationally hazardous allergens or when test substances containing allergens are expected to be irritating. [source] P72 Pigmented patch-test substance and laser Doppler perfusion imagingCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 3 2004Bolli Bjarnason Objective:, To investigate if pigment of a dark patch-test substance may affect assessment of perfusion with the laser Doppler imaging technique. Materials:, 13 subjects who previously patch-tested positive with 25% balsam of Peru in petrolatum were re-tested with the same test substance and petrolatum controls applied directly by transparent foils and with much weaker and less pigmented serial doses tested with polyester squares. Readings of perfusion were performed through the test substances and the transparent foils at time intervals up to 4 days while tests were applied and for 5 days following detachment of tests. The instrument set-up of the LDPI was the same as we have suggested for non-pigmented patch-test substances tested on white skin. Results:, Results show that pigment remnants following detachment of the dark pigmented and pasty test substance containing the petrolatum vehicle were prone to affect perfusion assessments by masking detection of perfusion of parts of test sites. A real masking effect is supported by a similar effect with readings of the same tests while they were applied and by no such observable effect with the petrolatum controls or the non-pasty and much less pigmented squares. Conclusion:, The results show that pigment of patch-test substances may affect perfusion assessments with the instrument set-up suggested for non-pigmented substances. [source] Effect of dark test-substance pigmentation on skin perfusion assessments and effect of test technique on balsam of Peru patch-test resultsCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 6 2000Bolli Bjarnason 13 balsam of Peru (Myroxylon Pereirae) patch-test-positive subjects are re-tested with 25% balsam of Peru in petrolatum and with serial doses printed on polyester squares. All substances are applied with tape strips for 3, 6, 24 (1 day [D]), 48 (2D), 72 (3D) and 96 h (4D) on each subject and for 96 h (4D) with plastic foils. Tests are followed visually and with perfusion assessments from 3 h to 9 days. Results show that pigment remnants following detachment of patches affect perfusion assessments. Such effect due to pigment is supported by readings of patch tests through the petrolatum test substance while applied with transparent foils. For most reactions, good agreement is observed between the assessment techniques when peak assessment values of reactions are compared. There is inter-individual variation in perfusion with identical tests. With the petrolatum test substance, increased visible reactivity was observed when the application time was extended up to 24 h (1D), while extension of application time increased perfusion in most cases except for an extension from 24 (2D) to 48 h (4D) where decreased perfusion resulted in most cases. Dose and application time did not affect the timing of highest reactivity of reactions in most cases. [source] Verification of the 2D Tokamak Edge Modelling Codes for Conditions of Detached Divertor PlasmaCONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS, Issue 3-5 2010V. Kotov Abstract The paper discusses verification of the ITER edge modelling code SOLPS 4.3 (B2-EIRENE). Results of the benchmark against SOLPS 5.0 are shown for standard JET test cases. Special two-point formulas are employed in SOLPS 4.3 to analyze the results of numerical simulations. The applied relations are exact in frame of the equations solved by the B2 code. This enables simultaneous check of the parallel momentum and energy balances and boundary conditions. Transition to divertor detachment is analyzed quantitatively as it appears in the simulations in terms of the coupled momentum and energy balance (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Simulating the Role of Intrinsic Carbon Impurities in the Divertor Detachment of ASDEX UpgradeCONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS, Issue 1-3 2008M. Wischmeier Abstract As part of a general effort in validating SOL fluid Monte Carlo codes, well diagnosed ohmic discharges have been done in ASDEX Upgrade reaching from the lowest accessible density up to densities at which both targets were at least partially detached. The numerical code B2.5-EIRENE has been used to simulate these experiments with a particular focus on detachment. Whilst it is possible to qualitatively reproduce the general experimental observations when transiting from attached to detached plasmas, the simulations do not reproduce the detachment threshold observed in experiment quantitatively. The strong asymmetry of the ion flux density between the inner and the outer target with increasing density and in particular the vanishing ion flux, defined as full detachment, at the inner target cannot be reproduced. The influence of various parameters such as chemical sputtering yields and the effect of the activation of drift terms on the results is analyzed. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Social and emotional detachment: A cross-cultural comparison of the non-disruptive behavioural psychopathic traits in childrenCRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR AND MENTAL HEALTH, Issue 3 2009Eirini Manti Background,Questions about the international reliability and validity of aspects of psychopathy have been raised for adults, but hardly considered when applying the constructs to children. Aims/objectives,Our aim was to compare the psychometrics of a new instrument to measure psychopathic traits in children between two countries , the Netherlands and Greece. We also tested the hypothesis that, in both countries, both narcissistic-egocentric and callous-unemotional dimensions would be related to observed behavioural disorders. Methods,The Social and Emotional Detachment Questionnaire was used to assess narcissistic-egocentric and callous-unemotional dimensions of personality in representative national and community samples of 4,12-year-old children in the Netherlands and Greece, respectively. Parents filled in the questionnaires anonymously and also provided ratings of conduct disorders. Results,A two-dimensional construct of the psychopathic syndrome depicting, respectively, narcissistic and unemotional traits was reliable and valid in both countries, although there was considerable correlation between these two dimensions, which we designated ,social detachment' and ,emotional detachment', respectively. In both countries, the composite of social and emotional detachment was associated with aggressive and antisocial conduct disorders. Conclusions/implications,The reliability, validity and predictive value of this questionnaire must be tested further, for example, through multiple informants and longitudinally, but our findings that the tool performs robustly in two very different European countries is encouraging in terms of its potential value as a clinical screening tool and a tool for furthering the understanding of serious behavioural disorders in children. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Overexpression of profilin reduces the migration of invasive breast cancer cellsCYTOSKELETON, Issue 2 2004Partha Roy Abstract The exact role profilin plays in cell migration is not clear. In this study, we have evaluated the effect of overexpression of profilin on the migration of breast cancer cells. Overexpression was carried out by stably expressing GFP-profilin in BT474 cells. It was observed that even a moderate level of overexpression of profilin significantly impaired the ability of BT474 cells to spread on fibronectin-coated substrate and migrate in response to EGF. GFP-profilin expressing cells also showed increased resistance to detachment in response to trypsin and increased tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and paxillin compared to the parental and GFP-expressing (control) cell lines. These results suggest that perturbation of profilin levels may offer a good strategy for controlling the metastatic potential of breast cancer cells. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 57:84,95, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Gliding movement in Peranema trichophorum is powered by flagellar surface motilityCYTOSKELETON, Issue 4 2003Akira Saito Abstract A colorless euglenoid flagellate Peranema trichophorum shows unique unidirectional gliding cell locomotion on the substratum at velocities up to 30 ,m/s by an as yet unexplained mechanism. In this study, we found that (1) treatment with NiCl2 inhibited flagellar beating without any effect on gliding movement; (2) water currents applied to a gliding cell from opposite sides caused detachment of the cell body from the substratum. With only the anterior flagellum adhering to the substratum, gliding movement continued along the direction of the anterior flagellum; (3) gentle pipetting induced flagellar severance into various lengths. In these cells, gliding velocity was proportional to the flagellar length; and (4) Polystyrene beads were translocated along the surface of the anterior flagellum. All of these results indicate that a cell surface motility system is present on the anterior flagellum, which is responsible for cell gliding in P. trichophorum. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 55:244,253, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Striatal dopamine D2 receptor availability in OCD with and without comorbid social anxiety disorder: preliminary findings,DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY, Issue 1 2008Franklin R. Schneier M.D. Abstract Dopamine D2 receptor availability in the striatum has been reported to be low in generalized social anxiety disorder (GSAD) and obsessive,compulsive disorder (OCD), but it has not been studied in persons with comorbid OCD and GSAD (OCD+GSAD). D2 receptor availability was assessed in 7 subjects with OCD+GSAD, 8 with OCD, and 7 matched healthy comparison (HC) subjects, all unmedicated adults. D2 receptor availability was assessed with single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) to measure binding potential (BP) of the D2 receptor radiotracer [123I] iodobenzamide ([123I]IBZM). Mean striatal [123I]IBZM BP was significantly lower in the OCD+GSAD group (72.58 mL/g, SD=18.17) than in the HC group (118.41 mL/g, SD=45.40; P=.025). Mean BP in the OCD group (93.08 mL/g, SD=36.90) did not differ significantly from the HC group (P=.247). Trait detachment, as measured by the Detachment subscale of the Karolinska Scales of Personality, was negatively correlated with D2 availability across all subjects (rs=,.55, P=.013). Comorbid GSAD and OCD may be associated with decreased availability of D2 receptors in the striatum, consistent with prior findings in GSAD. Prior findings of decreased D2 receptor availability in noncomorbid OCD were not confirmed. Decreased D2 receptor availability was also associated with trait detachment, supporting prior findings in samples of healthy subjects. Depression and Anxiety 0:1,7, 2007. Published 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Immediate Pathologic Effects on the Vein Wall of Foam SclerotherapyDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 10 2007CAMILLO ORSINI MD BACKGROUND During the past 10 years, sclerotherapy has radically changed, the foam sclerotherapy method being better than that of liquid sclerotherapy. OBJECTIVES We have analyzed the immediate pathologic effects on the saphenous vein wall in vivo after sclerotherapy with sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STD) foam. METHODS A group of six patients affected by chronic venous insufficiency, operated on by stripping of the saphenous vein, underwent an intraoperative procedure of sclerotherapy to an isolated but not yet removed tract of saphenous vein with 3% STD foam. RESULTS The pathologic damage of the foam was extremely rapid with complete damage of the endothelium within the first 2 minutes. In the successive 15 and 30 minutes there was edema of the intimal with its progressive separation from the tunica media and the initial formation and adhesion of the thrombus to the tunica media. CONCLUSIONS In this in vivo report we analyze the capacity of 3% STD foam sclerotherapy to damage the saphenous vein wall. The damage is extremely fast and shows the detachment of the intimal and the development of the microthrombus. [source] Protein kinase C beta inhibitor prevents diabetic peripheral neuropathy, but not histopathological abnormalities of retina in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii ratDIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM, Issue 11 2009T. Sasase Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) rat shows severe ocular complications such as tractional retinal detachment. In the present study, effect of protein kinase C beta (PKC,) inhibitor JTT-010 was evaluated to clarify the involvement of PKC, in complications of SDT rat. SDT rats were administered JTT-010 (10 or 50 mg/kg/day) for 48 weeks. SDT rats showed delayed oscillatory potentials in electroretinogram. Delayed motor nerve conduction velocity, decreased coefficients of variation of R,R intervals in electrocardiogram and thermal hypoalgesia were also observed. These functional disorders were prevented by administration of JTT-010. Abnormal retinal vascular was formed and the optic disc was protruded in SDT rat; however, JTT-010 did not prevent these hyperglycaemia-induced retinal abnormalities. These findings indicate that PKC, is intimately involved in diabetic complications; however, it seems that other factor(s) are primary contributors to histopathological abnormalities in retina. Therefore, PKC, inhibitors require concurrent administration of antihyperglycaemic drugs to achieve maximum effect on diabetic complications. [source] Cytopathological diagnosis of adult retinoblastoma in a vitrectomy specimen,DIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Maria E. Orellana M.D. Abstract Retinoblastoma (RB) is extremely rare in adults. We describe a case of RB diagnosed by cytology in a vitrectomy specimen of a 23-year-old patient who presented with diminished visual acuity and retinal detachment in the absence of a clinically-visible mass. Cytological examination of the vitreous fluid showed clusters of loosely cohesive atypical cells with high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio and "salt and pepper" chromatin pattern in a background of normal neuronal retinal cells. Nuclear molding was present as well as numerous apoptotic bodies. The cells were focally positive for epithelial markers and showed strong and diffuse positivity for neuroendocrine markers. Ki-67 stained 90% of the "atypical cells" nuclei, in contrast to nonneoplastic retinal neuronal cells, which were negative for the marker. A diagnosis of RB was rendered, and subsequently was confirmed in the enucleation specimen. The cytological differential diagnosis is discussed as well as the role that cytology and immunohistochemistry can play in differentiating neoplastic cells from normal retinal cellular elements in vitreous fluid specimens. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||