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Depressive Symptomatology (depressive + symptomatology)
Selected AbstractsDiagnostic utility of the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS-C16 and QIDS-SR16) in the elderlyACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 3 2010P. M. Doraiswamy Doraiswamy PM, Bernstein IH, Rush AJ, Kyutoku Y, Carmody TJ, Macleod L, Venkatraman S, Burks M, Stegman D, Witte B, Trivedi MH. Diagnostic utility of the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS-C16 and QIDS-SR16) in the elderly. Objective:, To evaluate psychometric properties and comparability ability of the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) vs. the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology,Clinician-rated (QIDS-C16) and Self-report (QIDS-SR16) scales to detect a current major depressive episode in the elderly. Method:, Community and clinic subjects (age ,60 years) were administered the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) for DSM-IV and three depression scales randomly. Statistics included classical test and Samejima item response theories, factor analyzes, and receiver operating characteristic methods. Results:, In 229 elderly patients (mean age = 73 years, 39% male, 54% current depression), all three scales were unidimensional and with nearly equal Cronbach , reliability (0.85,0.89). Each scale discriminated persons with major depression from the non-depressed, but the QIDS-C16 was slightly more accurate. Conclusion:, All three tests are valid for detecting geriatric major depression with the QIDS-C16 being slightly better. Self-rated QIDS-SR16 is recommended as a screening tool as it is least expensive and least time consuming. [source] Irritability is associated with anxiety and greater severity, but not bipolar spectrum features, in major depressive disorderACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 4 2009R. H. Perlis Objective:, Irritability is common during major depressive episodes, but its clinical significance and overlap with symptoms of anxiety or bipolar disorder remains unclear. We examined clinical correlates of irritability in a confirmatory cohort of Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) study participants with major depressive disorder (MDD). Method:, Logistic regression was used to identify features associated with presence of irritability on the clinician-rated Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology. Results:, Of 2307 study participants, 1067(46%) reported irritability at least half the time during the preceding week; they were more likely to be female, to be younger, to experience greater depression severity and anxiety, and to report poorer quality of life, prior suicide attempts and suicidal ideation. Bipolar spectrum features were not more common among those with irritability. Conclusion:, Irritable depression is not a distinct subtype of MDD, but irritability is associated with greater overall severity, anxiety comorbidity and suicidality. [source] Olanzapine monotherapy for acute depression in patients with bipolar I or II disorder: results of an 8-week open label trialHUMAN PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY: CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL, Issue 1 2010William V. Bobo Abstract We evaluated the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of olanzapine monotherapy in 20 adult patients with bipolar I or II disorder, depressed phase. Patients received open-label olanzapine monotherapy (mean modal dose, 15,mg/day) for 8 weeks. Assessments of psychopathology (Montgomery,Asberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS], Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology [QIDS-SR-16], Young Mania Rating Scale [YMRS]), clinical global state (Clinical Global Impressions [CGI] scale), and safety/tolerability were performed at baseline, and at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Seventeen patients (85.0%) completed the study. Improvement in MADRS total scores was observed after the first week of treatment, and at all remaining follow-up time points (p,,,0.005). Parallel improvement in QIDS-SR-16 (p,<,0.001) and CGI-Severity (p,<,0.001) was observed between baseline and study endpoint. Nine (45%) subjects achieved positive treatment response, eight of whom (40%) also achieved symptom remission. There were significant increases in weight (+3.2,kg, p,=,0.001) and body mass index (+1.1,kg/m2, p,=,0.001), but not fasting glucose or lipids, with the exception of reduced triglyceride levels in the overall sample, and reduced HDL cholesterol in females. Olanzapine may be an effective, well-tolerated option for treating acute non-psychotic depression across a variety of bipolar disorder subtypes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Is Depressive Symptomatology Associated with Worse Oral Functioning and Well-being Among Older Adults?JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY, Issue 1 2002Nancy R. Kressin PhD; Abstract Objectives: Although depression negatively affects individuals' physical functioning and well-being, its association with oral functioning and well-being has not been examined previously. The objective of this study was to examine the association between depressive symptomatology and oral quality of life. Methods: We utilized data from two samples of older adults: community-dwelling participants who used community primary care physicians in Los Angeles (n=7,653) and individuals who sought ambulatory care through four Department of Veterans Affairs facilities in the Boston metropolitan area (n=212). Depressive symptomatology was measured with the CES-D scale; Oral Quality of Life was measured with the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Instrument and the Oral Health-related Quality of Life measure. We conducted hierarchical regression analyses to examine the effects of depression on oral quality of life, controlling for self-reported oral health, age, education, income, and marital status. Results: Individuals with more depressive symptoms reported worse oral quality of life, controlling for socio demographic factors and self-reported oral health. This finding persisted across multiple samples and both sexes, and using two measures of oral quality of life. Conclusion: These findings further emphasize the importance of treating depression among older adults, and suggest that both dentists and physicians have a role in recognizing and referring patients for such treatment. [source] Maternal Socialization of Positive Affect: The Impact of Invalidation on Adolescent Emotion Regulation and Depressive SymptomatologyCHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 5 2008Marie B. H. Yap This study examined the relations among maternal socialization of positive affect (PA), adolescent emotion regulation (ER), and adolescent depressive symptoms. Two hundred early adolescents, 11,13 years old, provided self-reports of ER strategies and depressive symptomatology; their mothers provided self-reports of socialization responses to adolescent PA. One hundred and sixty-three mother,adolescent dyads participated in 2 interaction tasks. Adolescents whose mothers responded in an invalidating or "dampening" manner toward their PA displayed more emotionally dysregulated behaviors and reported using maladaptive ER strategies more frequently. Adolescents whose mothers dampened their PA more frequently during mother,adolescent interactions, and girls whose mothers reported invalidating their PA, reported more depressive symptoms. Adolescent use of maladaptive ER strategies mediated the association between maternal invalidation of PA and early adolescents' concurrent depressive symptoms. [source] Neurological signs and late-life depressive symptoms in a community population: the ESPRIT studyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 7 2010Mishael Soremekun Abstract Objective Depression in the elderly is common and often resistant to treatment. It has been suggested that late-life depression may be related to underlying neurobiological changes. However, these observations are derived from diverse clinical samples and as yet have not been confirmed in a more representative population study. Our aim was to investigate associations between neurological signs as markers of underlying brain dysfunction and caseness for depression in an elderly community sample, controlling for physical health and comorbid/past neurological disorders. Method A cross-sectional analysis of 2102 older people without dementia from the ESPRIT project. Depressive symptomatology was ascertained using the CES-D and abnormal neurological signs/comorbidity from a full neurological examination according to ICD-10 criteria. Results Pyramidal, extrapyramidal, cranial nerve and sensory deficit signs were significantly associated with case-level depressive symptoms. However, all odds ratios were close to null values in participants who did not have previous neurological disorder. Conclusions We confirmed previous findings of an association between neurological signs and case-level depressive symptoms in late life. However, this association may simply reflect the impact of more severe comorbid neurological disorder. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Consumption of psychotropic medication in the elderly: a re-evaluation of its effect on cognitive performanceINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 10 2003Jacques Allard Abstract Background There have been few general population studies of the effects of psychotropic treatment on cognitive functioning in the elderly. Current evidence based on studies with numerous procedural shortenings supports the notion of the detrimental effect. Objectives To examine changes in a wide range of specific cognitive abilities across time in a general population sample in order to establish a relationship between psychotropic drug use and cognitive performance, and to estimate to what extent such cognitive changes may be attributable to psychotropic use or other factors, notably age and co-morbidity. Method We analysed the data from the Eugeria longitudinal study of cerebral ageing. Three hundred and seventy two subjects (263 female and 109 male) were visited at their place of residence and given a computerized cognitive examination. Depressive symptomatology and depressive episodes were defined according to ICD-9 criterias and medication use were established. Four categories of psychotropic consumers was differentiated. Using a logistic regression model, comparisons were made between consumers and non-consumers. Results A significant positive effect in chronic consumers was found on tests of secondary memory (delayed verbal recall: Odds Ratio (OR),=,1.22; 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) [1.04,1.43]; p,=,0.013) and this effect is principally attributable to antidepressants with significant effects being shown for both verbal (OR,=,1.59; 95%CI [1.18,2.14]; p,=,0.002) and visual recall (OR,=,1.51; 95%CI [1.05,2.16]; p,=,0.025). No effect is found for benzodiazepines. Conclusions Contrary to the common belief that psychotropic drug use has a detrimental effect on cognitive function of elderly people, even long term use is seen to be benign. We attest to the positive effects of antidepressant therapy on secondary memory. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Depressive Symptoms and Self-Rated Health in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Longitudinal StudyJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 9 2002Beth Han MD OBJECTIVES: To test whether baseline depressive symptoms in older adults increase the risk of subsequent decline in self-rated health and decrease the likelihood of subsequent improvement in self-rated health. DESIGN: A 2-year prospective cohort study. SETTING: Six thousand seven hundred fourteen community-dwelling older persons who completed the first and second wave of the Asset and Health Dynamics among the Oldest-Old Survey in the United States. PARTICIPANTS: Community-dwelling older people in the United States. MEASUREMENTS: Baseline depressive symptoms were measured using a short-form of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Self-rated health was measured using a single item of global health rating. RESULTS: After adjustment for covariates, a high burden of depressive symptoms at baseline was predictive of greater decline in self-rated health (odds ratio (OR) for decline in those with high burden of depressive symptoms vs those without = 1.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.26,1.70). Likewise, high burden of depressive symptoms at baseline predicted less improvement in self-rated health (OR for improvement in those with high burden of depressive symptoms vs those without = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.50,0.65). CONCLUSIONS: Depressive symptomatology is an independent risk factor for subsequent changes in self-rated health in older adults. Thus, early prevention and intervention of depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults might be critical to promote and maintain their self-rated health. [source] Commentary on Nahcivan NO & Demirezen E (2005) Depressive symptomatology among Turkish older adults with low income in a rural community sample.JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 3 2007Journal of Clinical Nursing 1 [source] Is Depressive Symptomatology Associated with Worse Oral Functioning and Well-being Among Older Adults?JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY, Issue 1 2002Nancy R. Kressin PhD; Abstract Objectives: Although depression negatively affects individuals' physical functioning and well-being, its association with oral functioning and well-being has not been examined previously. The objective of this study was to examine the association between depressive symptomatology and oral quality of life. Methods: We utilized data from two samples of older adults: community-dwelling participants who used community primary care physicians in Los Angeles (n=7,653) and individuals who sought ambulatory care through four Department of Veterans Affairs facilities in the Boston metropolitan area (n=212). Depressive symptomatology was measured with the CES-D scale; Oral Quality of Life was measured with the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Instrument and the Oral Health-related Quality of Life measure. We conducted hierarchical regression analyses to examine the effects of depression on oral quality of life, controlling for self-reported oral health, age, education, income, and marital status. Results: Individuals with more depressive symptoms reported worse oral quality of life, controlling for socio demographic factors and self-reported oral health. This finding persisted across multiple samples and both sexes, and using two measures of oral quality of life. Conclusion: These findings further emphasize the importance of treating depression among older adults, and suggest that both dentists and physicians have a role in recognizing and referring patients for such treatment. [source] Prevalence of adverse life events, depression and suicidal thoughts and behaviour among a community sample of young people aged 15,24 yearsAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 5 2001Maria Donald Objective: To provide prevalence data on several key mental health indicators for young people aged 15 to 24 years. Methods: A cross-sectional household survey, using telephone recruitment followed by a postal pencil-and-paper questionnaire. The overall response rate was 67.3%. Results: Difficulties with interpersonal relationships are common causes of distress for young people, in particular problems with parents, problems with friends and relationship break-ups. Depressive symptomatology is common among young people with approximately one in eight males and one in four females reporting current depressive symptomatology. One in three young people reported that they had had suicidal thoughts at some time in the past, 1.2% of young people reported that they had made a plan on how to kill themselves in the four-week period prior to completing the survey and 6.9% of young people reported that they had tried to kill themselves at some time during their life time (4.2% of males and 9.0% of females). Conclusions and implications: The prevalence figures for the various mental health indicators presented in this paper represent good baseline information upon which to examine the progress over time of interventions designed to improve the mental health of young people. [source] High-end specificity of the children's depression inventory in a sample of anxiety-disordered youthDEPRESSION AND ANXIETY, Issue 1 2005Jonathan S. Comer M.A. Abstract Using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the present study investigated the ability of the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) to correctly detect depression in a sample of treatment-seeking anxious youth (N=44). The ADIS-C/P was used to determine diagnostic status of participants. Anxious children who met diagnostic criteria for a depressive disorder scored higher on the CDI than anxious children who did not meet criteria for a depressive disorder, supporting the CDI as a continuous measure of depressive symptomatology. In contrast, with regard to detecting a depressive disorder, CDI cut scores did not achieve favorable values across diagnostic utility indices (including the cut score of 13 that has been recommended). These findings support the CDI as a continuous measure of depressive symptoms, but do not support the CDI as a sole assessment for a diagnosis of depression within a sample of anxiety-disordered youth. Depression and Anxiety 22:11,19, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] No evidence for switching the antidepressant: systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs of a common therapeutic strategyACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 3 2010T. Bschor Bschor T, Baethge C. No evidence for switching the antidepressant: systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs of a common therapeutic strategy. Objective:, Switching antidepressants is a common strategy for managing treatment-resistant depressed patients. However, no systematic reviews have been conducted to date. Method:, We systematically searched MEDLINE/EMBASE/Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and additional sources. We included double-blind studies of patients with depressive symptomatology who were not responding to initial antidepressant monotherapy and were subsequently randomized to another antidepressant or to continue the same antidepressant. Results were pooled for meta-analysis of response + remission rates using a fixed-effects model. Results:, A total of three studies were included. Switching to another antidepressant was not superior to continuing the initial antidepressant in any of these studies. Our meta-analysis showed no significant advantages to either strategy and no significant heterogeneity of results [OR for response rates: 0.85 (95% CI: 0.55,1.30) favoring continuing]. Conclusion:, There is a discrepancy between the published evidence and the frequent decision to switch antidepressants, indicating an urgent need for more controlled studies. Pending such studies we recommend that physicians rely on more thoroughly evaluated strategies. [source] How many well vs. unwell days can you expect over 10 years, once you become depressed?ACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 4 2009T. A. Furukawa Objective:, Prognostic studies of major depression have mainly focused on episode remission and relapse, and only a limited number of studies have examined long-term course of depressive symptomatology at threshold and subthreshold levels. Method:, The Group for Longitudinal Affective Disorders Study has conducted prospective serial assessments of a cohort of heretofore untreated major depressive episodes for 10 years under naturalistic conditions. Results:, Of the 94 patients in the cohort, the follow-up rate was 70% of the 11 280 person-months. Around 77% of the follow-up months were spent in euthymia, 16% in subthreshold depression and 7% in major depression. Duration of the index episode before reaching recovery was the only significant predictor of the ensuing well time. Conclusion:, On average, patients with major depression starting treatment today may expect to spend three quarters of the next decade in euthymia but the remaining one quarter in subthrehold or threshold depression. [source] Clinical and serotonergic predictors of non-affective acute remitting psychosis in patients with a first-episode psychosisACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 1 2009B. Arranz Objective:, The study aimed to establish clinical predictors of non-affective acute remitting psychosis (NARP) and assess whether these patients showed a distinct serotonergic profile. Method:, First-episode never treated psychotic patients diagnosed of paranoid schizophrenia (n = 35; 21 men and 14 women) or NARP (n = 28; 15 men and 13 women) were included. Results:, NARP patients showed significantly lower negative symptomatology, better premorbid adjustment, shorter duration of untreated psychosis, more depressive symptomatology and a lower number of 5-HT2A receptors than the paranoid schizophrenia patients. In the logistic regression, the four variables associated with the presence of NARP were: low number of 5-HT2A receptors; good premorbid adjustment; low score in the item ,hallucinatory behaviour' and reduced duration of untreated psychosis. Conclusion:, Our findings support the view that NARP is a highly distinctive condition different from either affective psychosis or other non-affective psychosis such as schizophrenia, and highlight the need for its validation. [source] Depressive symptoms in the first year from diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes: results from the DESMOND trialDIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 8 2010T. C. Skinner Diabet. Med. 27, 965,967 (2010) Abstract Aims, To describe the course of depressive symptoms during the first year after diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes. Methods,Post hoc analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial of self-management education for 824 individuals newly diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes. Participants completed the Depression scale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale after diagnosis and at 4, 8 and 12 months follow-up. Participants also completed the Problem Areas in Diabetes scale at 8 and 12 months follow-up. We present descriptive statistics on prevalence and persistence of depressive symptoms. Logistic regression is used to predict possible depression cases, and multiple regression to predict depressive symptomatology. Results, The prevalence of depressive symptoms in individuals recently diagnosed with diabetes (18,22% over the year) was not significantly different from normative data for the general population (12%) in the UK. Over 20% of participants indicated some degrees of depressive symptoms over the first year of living with Type 2 diabetes; these were mostly transient episodes, with 5% (1% severe) reporting having depressive symptoms throughout the year. At 12 months post diagnosis, after controlling for baseline depressive symptoms, diabetes-specific emotional distress was predictive of depressive symptomatology. Conclusions, The increased prevalence of depressive symptoms in diabetes is not manifest until at least 1 year post diagnosis in this cohort. However, there are a significant number of people with persistent depressive symptoms in the early stages of diabetes, and diabetes-specific distress may be contributing to subsequent development of depressive symptoms in people with Type 2 diabetes. [source] Depression in Croatian Type 2 diabetic patients: prevalence and risk factors.DIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 7 2005A Croatian survey from the European Depression in Diabetes (EDID) Research Consortium Abstract Aims To determine the prevalence rate of and risk factors for depression in Croatian Type 2 diabetic patients. Methods Depressive mood was examined in 384 randomly selected outpatients with Type 2 diabetes. Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID) were used to identify depressive disturbances. The groups with CES-D , 16 and < 16 were compared with respect to demographic, psychological and clinical characteristics. Regression analysis was used to determine risk factors for depression. Results Of the examined patients, 22% had CES-D scores , 16, and in 33% of them clinical depression was confirmed by the psychiatric interview. Depressed patients compared with the non-depressed ones reported more diabetes-related problems and poorer well-being (t = 6.71, P < 0.001 and t = 11.98, P < 0.001, respectively). Multiple regression analysis indicated female gender, experienced support and the level of emotional well-being to predict depression (R = 0.74, F = 15.3, P < 0.001). Conclusions The obtained data indicate that the prevalence rate in Croatian Type 2 diabetic patients is comparable to findings from other cultural settings. Depressive symptoms can be predicted by psychological rather than disease-related variables. Psychological care for diabetic patients may be necessary to prevent depressive symptomatology. [source] Differential diagnosis of depressed mood in patients with schizophrenia: a diagnostic algorithm based on a reviewACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 2 2002A. Hausmann Objective:,To review the available literature on depressive symptomatology in schizophrenia in order to establish a diagnostic algorithm of depressive syndromes in schizophrenia. Method:,A literature search was performed using PubMed and Medline. Additional information was gained by cross-referencing from papers found in the database. Data from controlled studies as well as supplementary information from review articles and psychiatric manuals pertinent to the topic were used. Depressive symptoms were classified with respect to their temporal relationship to acute psychotic symptoms before the background of nosological entities as operationalized by Diagnostic Statistical Manual IV (DSM IV). Results:,Depression is a common and devastating comorbid syndrome in patients suffering from schizophrenic disorder. The paper summarizes the relevant diagnostic steps to guide the clinician towards therapeutic interventions, which differ depending on the nature of the depressive syndrome. Conclusion:,Differentiating depressives states in schizophrenia has consequences in terms of choosing therapeutic strategies. An algorithm which leads the practitioner to a reliable diagnosis and in consequence to a valid therapy is presented. [source] Individual, partner and relationship factors associated with non-medical use of prescription drugsADDICTION, Issue 8 2010Gregory G. Homish ABSTRACT Aims The objective of the current report was to examine individual, partner and relationship factors (e.g. relationship satisfaction) associated with the non-medical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) in a community sample of married adults. Design The current report used two waves of data from an ongoing study of couples who were recruited at the time they applied for their marriage license and are now in the 10th year of follow-up. Logistic regression models examined the relation between individual, partner and relationship factors and NMUPD. Participants This report is based on 273 couples. Measurements Participants completed questionnaires that assessed prescription drug use, alcohol use, other substance use, depression, marital satisfaction and socio-demographic factors. Findings Among wives, there was evidence that a partner's prescription drug use and relationship factors were associated with increased risk for NMUPD. There was some evidence suggesting that it was the increased access or availability, and not the partner's use per se, that was related to the NMUPD. These results persisted after controlling for other illicit drug use, heavy drinking, depressive symptomatology and socio-demographic factors. Among men, neither partner use nor relationship factors were associated with NMUPD after considering the impact of individual-level risk factors. Conclusion Prevention and intervention efforts directed at reducing the risk for NMUPD should consider the influence of partner and relationship factors in addition to individual-level risk factors. [source] Sweet preferences and analgesia during childhood: effects of family history of alcoholism and depressionADDICTION, Issue 4 2010Julie A. Mennella ABSTRACT Aim To determine whether depression and family history of alcoholism are associated with heightened sweet preferences in children, before they have experienced alcohol or tobacco and at a time during the life-span when sweets are particularly salient. Design Between- and within-subject experimental study. Participants Children, 5,12 years old (n = 300), formed four groups based on family history of alcohol dependence up to second-degree relatives [positive (FHP) versus negative (FHN)] and depressive symptoms as determined by the Pictorial Depression Scale [depressed (PDEP) versus non-depressed (NDEP)]. Measurements Children were tested individually to measure sucrose preferences, sweet food liking and, for a subset of the children, the analgesic properties of sucrose versus water during the cold pressor test. Findings The co-occurrence of having a family history of alcoholism and self-reports of depressive symptomatology was associated significantly with a preference for a more concentrated sucrose solution, while depressive symptomatology alone was associated with greater liking for sweet-tasting foods and candies and increased pain sensitivity. Depression antagonized the analgesic properties of sucrose. Conclusions While children as a group innately like sweets and feel better after eating them, the present study reveals significant contributions of family history of alcoholism and depression to this effect. Whether the heightened sweet preference and the use of sweets to alleviate depression are markers for developing alcohol-related problems or responses that are protective are important areas for future research. [source] Young adults' achievement and attributional strategies in the transition from school to work: antecedents and consequencesEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 4 2002Sami Määttä This study focused on investigating the extent to which the achievement and attributional strategies individuals deploy influence their success in dealing with the transition from school to work, and whether their success or failure in this particular would have consequences for the kinds of strategy they deployed later in life. Two hundred and fifty young adults filled in the Cartoon-Attribution-Strategy Inventory, a revised version of Beck's Depression Inventory, and a work status questionnaire at the beginning of the last spring term of their curriculum, four months after their graduation, and a year and a half after it. The results showed that the deployment of maladaptive strategies, such as passive avoidance, led to problems in dealing with the transition from school to work. In turn, young adults' problems in dealing with this transition decreased their use of self-serving causal attributions, which was also found to lead to increased depressive symptomatology. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Depression and reliance on ease-of-retrieval experiencesEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 2 2008Rainer Greifeneder The relationship between level of depressive symptomatology and reliance on the ease-of-retrieval heuristic was investigated. In two studies, differences in ease-of-retrieval were instigated by means of the paradigm introduced by Schwarz and co-workers. Subsequently, participants were screened for depressive symptoms with the Allgemeine Depressionsskala (ADS, Experiments 1 and 2) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, Experiment 2). In both experiments, participants were randomly selected from a non-clinical population. Results indicate that participants with low levels of depressive symptomatology relied on experienced ease or difficulty, whereas individuals with high levels of depressive symptomatology based their judgment on the accessible content information. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Tianeptine and paroxetine in major depressive disorder, with a special focus on the anxious component in depression: an international, 6-week double-blind study,HUMAN PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY: CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL, Issue 3 2001Jean Pierre Lepine Abstract Tianeptine (37.5,mg/day) and paroxetine (20,mg/day) were compared in a population of depressive patients without past or current history of co-morbid anxiety and/or important anxiolytic treatment. In a 6-week, double blind trial, the special focus was on anxious symptoms. Both drugs showed good efficacy on depressive symptomatology, assessed with MADRS and HDRS, but no difference was detected between tianeptine and paroxetine, for any assessment criterion. Despite the choice of selected depressive patients, without any co-morbid anxious disorder, anxiety scale scores at inclusion (HAMA and BAS) were appreciable but correlated poorly with depressive scores. Both tianeptine and paroxetine improved the apparent anxious component in depression. Tolerability of both drugs was good, although significantly better with tianeptine. Thus tianeptine and paroxetine are effective and safe treatments for major depression and may also act directly on the anxious component of the psychopathology. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Social support and postpartum depressive symptomatology: The mediating role of maternal self-efficacyINFANT MENTAL HEALTH JOURNAL, Issue 3 2006Divna M. Haslam Research shows that social support and maternal self-efficacy are inversely related to postpartum depression; however, little is known about the mechanisms by which these variables impact on depressive symptomatology. This study uses path analysis to examine the proposal that maternal self-efficacy mediates the effects of social support on postpartum depressive symptomatology. Primiparous women (n=247) completed questionnaires during their last trimester and then again at 4 weeks' postpartum (n=192). It was hypothesized that higher levels of parental support, partner support, and maternal self-efficacy would be associated with lower levels of depressive symptomatology postpartum and that the relationship between social support and depressive symptomatology would be mediated by maternal self-efficacy. Results indicated that as expected, higher parental support and maternal self-efficacy were associated with lower levels of depressive symptomatology postpartum. Partner support was found to be unrelated to both depressive symptomatology and maternal self-efficacy. Results from the path analysis supported the mediation model. Findings suggest that parental support lowers depressive symptomatology by the enhancement of maternal self-efficacy. [source] Patterns of emotional availability among young mothers and their infants: A dydaic, contextual analysisINFANT MENTAL HEALTH JOURNAL, Issue 4 2005M. Ann Easterbrooks The aim of this study was to examine patterns of emotional availability among 80 young mothers (under 21 years at their child's birth) and their infants, and to identify contextual and individual factors associated with different patterns of emotional availability. To operationalize the dyadic aspect of emotional availability, cluster analysis of the Emotional Availability Scales, third edition (EAS; Biringen, Robinson, & Emde, 1998) was conducted on mother and infant scales simultaneously. Four distinct groups of emotional availability patterns emerged, reflecting synchrony and asynchrony between maternal and child behavior: (a) low-functioning dyads, (b) average dyads, (c) average parenting/disengaged infants, and (d) high-functioning dyads. Further analyses revealed that mothers in different clusters differed on outcomes such as depressive symptomatology, social support, and relationships with their own mothers. The clusters and the variables related to them demonstrate the various challenges in integrating the dual tasks of adolescent and parenting development among young mothers. The clinical implications of these patterns of emotional availability and live context are discussed. [source] Profile of depression in adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease: Implications for treatmentINFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES, Issue 1 2009Eva Szigethy MD Abstract Background: The purpose was to determine the utility of including neurovegetative symptoms in assessments of depression in youth with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: Forty-one youth with IBD and concurrent depressive symptomatology were enrolled in an intervention trial and received either 9 modules of cognitive-behavioral therapy (PASCET-PI) or treatment as usual (TAU). Youth and their primary caregivers completed the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) at pre- (T1) and posttreatment (T2). Disease severity measures and current steroid dosage were obtained at each timepoint. Change in the individual items of the CDI was compared across groups and examined in association with change in physical illness course. Results: Paired sample t -tests revealed significant changes in CDI item scores from T1 to T2 for a majority of the depressive symptoms assessed in the PASCET-PI group, but not for the TAU group. These changes did not appear to be linked to changes in disease severity and/or steroid dosage across these same timepoints. Conclusions: The inclusion of somatic items in the assessment of depression in physically ill youth is important, as these symptoms seem to respond to psychotherapeutic intervention. The present results would suggest that improvements in depressive symptomatology are not solely related to improvements in the course of IBD and that these items do reflect an important part of the profile of depressive symptoms in youth with IBD. Future research is warranted to replicate present findings and explore the generalizability of these results to other pediatric illness populations. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2008) [source] The nature of body image disturbance in patients with binge eating disorderINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 3 2003Robin M. Masheb Abstract Objective This study examined the distinction between body dissatisfaction and self-evaluation unduly influenced by body shape and weight, and their longitudinal relationships to depressive symptomatology and self-esteem in patients with binge eating disorder (BED). Method Ninety-seven patients with BED completed measures tapping these constructs at baseline and again 4 weeks later. Results Change in body dissatisfaction was significantly correlated with both change in depressive symptomatology and change in self-esteem over time, whereas change in self-evaluation was significantly correlated only with change in self-esteem. In addition, change in shape concern, but not change in weight concern, was significantly correlated with change in self-esteem only. Discussion These findings suggest that self-evaluation unduly influenced by body shape is a more useful indicator for BED than body dissatisfaction or self-evaluation unduly influenced by weight. © 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 33: 333,341, 2003. [source] Effects of reminiscence and life review on late-life depression: a meta-analysisINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 12 2003Ernst Bohlmeijer Abstract Aim To assess the effectiveness of reminiscence and life review on late-life depression across different target groups and treatment modalities. Method Twenty controlled outcome studies were retrieved from Psychlit, Medline and Dissertation Abstracts. For each study a standardised effect size, d, was calculated and a random-effects meta-analysis was conducted. Results An overall effect size of 0.84 (95% Confidence Intervals (CI)=0.31,1.37) was found, indicating a statistically and clinically significant effect of reminiscence and life review on depressive symptomatology in elderly people. This effect is comparable to the effects commonly found for pharmacotherapy and psychological treatments. The effect was larger in subjects with elevated depressive symptomatology (d=1.23) as compared to other subjects (d=0.37). Other characteristics of the subjects or interventions were not found to be related to increased or decreased effect sizes. Discussion Reminiscence and life review are potentially effective treatments for depressive symptoms in the elderly and may thus offer a valuable alternative to psychotherapy or pharmacotherapy. Especially in non-institutionalised elderly people,who often have untreated depression,it may prove to be an effective, safe and acceptable form of treatment. Randomized trials with sufficient statistical power are necessary to confirm the results of this study. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The economic burden of depression and the cost-effectiveness of treatmentINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METHODS IN PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH, Issue 1 2003Philip S. Wang Abstract Cost-of-illness research has shown that depression is associated with an enormous economic burden, in the order of tens of billions of dollars each year in the US alone. The largest component of this economic burden derives from lost work productivity due to depression. A large body of literature indicates that the causes of the economic burden of depression, including impaired work performance, would respond both to improvement in depressive symptomatology and to standard treatments for depression. Despite this, the economic burden of depression persists, partly because of the widespread underuse and poor quality use of otherwise efficacious and tolerable depression treatments. Recent effectiveness studies conducted in primary care have shown that a variety of models, which enhance care of depression through aggressive outreach and improved quality of treatments, are highly effective in clinical terms and in some cases on work performance outcomes as well. Economic analyses accompanying these effectiveness studies have also shown that these quality improvement interventions are cost efficient. Unfortunately, widespread uptake of these enhanced treatment programmes for depression has not occurred in primary care due to barriers at the level of primary care physicians, healthcare systems, and purchasers of healthcare. Further research is needed to overcome these barriers to providing high-quality care for depression and to ultimately reduce the enormous adverse economic impact of depression disorders. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd. [source] Stress, Religious Coping Resources, and Depressive Symptoms in an Urban Adolescent SampleJOURNAL FOR THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF RELIGION, Issue 1 2008RUSSELL A. CARLETON We surveyed low-income urban adolescents about their total exposure to urban stressors and their use of religious coping resources, specifically in the areas of social support, spiritual support, and community service opportunities provided by their congregations. Additionally, we assessed their current levels of depressive symptomatology. Among females, the relationship between stress and depressive symptoms was moderated by the use of spiritual support and community service opportunities. The moderating relationship was such that at low levels of stress, high usage of these resources protected against the development of depressive symptoms. At high levels of stress, however, the protective relationship was lost. Lastly, when the social support aspects of religious coping were statistically controlled, the moderation effect disappeared, suggesting that within this sample, the social support seeking aspects of the resources, rather than their religious nature, was responsible for the effects. [source] | ||||||||||||||||