Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Depressed People (depressed + people)
Selected AbstractsMetabolic syndrome abnormalities are associated with severity of anxiety and depression and with tricyclic antidepressant useACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 1 2010A. K. B. Van Reedt Dortland van Reedt Dortland AKB, Giltay EJ, van Veen T, Zitman FG, Penninx BWJH. Metabolic syndrome abnormalities are associated with severity of anxiety and depression and with tricyclic antidepressant use. Objective:, The metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) predisposes to cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. There might also be an association between the MetSyn and anxiety and depression, but its nature is unclear. We aimed to investigate whether diagnosis, symptom severity and antidepressant use are associated with the MetSyn. Method:, We addressed the odds for the MetSyn and its components among 1217 depressed and/or anxious subjects and 629 controls, and their associations with symptom severity and antidepressant use. Results:, Symptom severity was positively associated with prevalence of the MetSyn, [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.21 for very severe depression: 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06,4.64, P = 0.04], which could be attributed to abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia. Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) use also increased odds for the MetSyn (OR 2.30, 95% CI: 1.21,4.36, P = 0.01), independent of depression severity. Conclusion:, The most severely depressed people and TCA users more often have the MetSyn, which is driven by abdominal adiposity and dyslipidemia. [source] The Influence of Comorbid Depression on Seizure SeverityEPILEPSIA, Issue 12 2003Joyce A. Cramer Summary:,Purpose: To determine the relation between depressive symptoms and seizure severity among people with epilepsy. Methods: A postal questionnaire was used to survey a nationwide community sample about seizures and depression. The Seizure Severity Questionnaire (SSQ) assessed the severity and bothersomeness of seizure components. The Centers for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale categorized levels of depression. Results: Respondents categorized as having current severe (SEV, n = 166), mild,moderate (MOD, n = 74), or no depression (NO, n = 443) differed significantly in SSQ scores (all p < 0.0001). People with SEV or MOD reported significantly worse problems than did those with NO depression for overall seizure recovery (mean, 5.3, 4.9, 4.5, respectively); overall severity (5.0, 4.5, 4.2); and overall seizure bother (5.3, 4.8, 4.4) (all p < 0.005). Cognitive, emotional, and physical aspects of seizure recovery also were rated worse among people with SEV than with NO depression (all p < 0.05). Symptoms of depression were significantly correlated with higher levels of all components of generalized tonic,clonic seizure severity (r = 0.33,0.48; all p < 0.0001), and partial seizures (r = 0.31,0.38; all p < 0.01). Conclusions: Clinically depressed people with epilepsy reported higher levels of perceived severity and bother from seizures, as well as greater problems with overall seizure recovery than did nondepressed people experiencing similar types of seizures. The pervasive influence of depressive symptoms on reports of seizure activity suggests that people with epilepsy should be screened for depression. These data highlight the importance of detecting and treating depression among people with epilepsy. [source] Agitation in the morning: symptom of depression in dementia?INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 4 2009Anna-Katharina Theison Abstract Objective To investigate the possible correlations between depression in dementia and agitation in the morning by a prospective naturalistic study. Methods Data were collected from three independent nursing homes in an urban setting. Trained nursing home staff pre-selected 110 demented and agitated patients with a minimum age of 60 years. Three main groups were formed based on agitation peak either: in the morning, evening or none. Each is respectively: ,sunrisers', ,sundowners' and ,constants'. Agitation was assessed by the same staff twice a day for a 2-week timeframe using the CMAI (Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory); MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination) for dementia re-evaluation and staging; CSDD (Cornell Score for Depression in Dementia) for depression screening. Results Sixty-three (60%) of all patients were depressive but only 16 patients of them were treated with antidepressants. Forty-four patients were classified as belonging to the ,sunriser' group, 38 to the ,sundowners' and 23 to the ,constants'. There were no significant differences in depression between the three groups: p,=,0.798 for the difference in proportion of depressed or not depressed people; p,=,0.272 for the difference in raw Cornell-score between agitation in the morning and evening. Conclusion ,Sunrising' appears to play an important role in dementia. In our population agitation was slightly more common in the morning than in the evening, but peak of agitation does not seem to be related to depression in dementia. Our data supports that the diagnosis of depression is still often overlooked in demented and agitated persons. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Stress generation in depression: Reflections on origins, research, and future directionsJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 9 2006Constance Hammen Depressed individuals report higher rates of stressful life events, especially those that have occurred in part because of the person's characteristics and behaviors affecting interpersonal interactions. Termed stress generation, this phenomenon draws attention to the role of the individual as an active contributor rather than passive player in his or her environment, and is therefore an example of action theory. In this article, the author speculates about the intellectual origins of her stress generation perspective, and notes somewhat similar transactional approaches to the stress-disorder link outside of depression research. The literature on stress generation in depression is reviewed, including studies that attempt to explore its correlates and predictors, covering clinical, contextual, family, genetic, cognitive, interpersonal, and personality variables. Empirical and conceptual gaps in our understanding of processes contributing to stressors in the lives of depressed people remain. The author concludes with suggestions for further research, with the goal of furthering understanding both of mechanisms of depression and of dysfunctional interpersonal processes, as well as development of effective interventions to help break the stress-recurrence cycle of depression. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 62: 1065,1082, 2006. [source] Alpha2 macroglobulin elevation without an acute phase response in depressed adults with Down's syndrome: implications,JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH, Issue 6 2000J. A. Tsiouris Abstract Studies of immune function during depression in persons without intellectual disability (ID) have revealed elevated levels of ,2 macroglobulin (,2M) and an acute phase protein (APP) response. Clinical observation suggests that people with Down's syndrome (DS) may have associated genetic abnormalities in their immune systems. The APP response and ,2M changes in depressed versus non-depressed adults with DS was the subject of the present study. The serum pan-proteinase inhibitor ,2M, and the AP proteins c-reactive protein (CRP), ,1 antitrypsin (,1AT), ceruloplasmin (Cp), ,2 Macroglobulin (,2M), transthyretin (Trans), serum amyloid protein (SAP), and albumin (Alb) were measured in 38 adults with DS, 19 of whom were diagnosed with and 19 without depression using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The DSM-IV criteria were used for diagnoses. Medical and neurological examinations excluded medical disorders associated with APP response. Only ,2M and CRP were significantly different in the depressed versus non-depressed groups. The ,2M was higher, a response similar to one observed in depressed people without ID, but the CRP was lower in the depressed group, especially in those subjects not on psychotropic medications, contrary to the expected APP response to depression. The results suggest that ,2M elevation in depressed adults with DS is independent of the APP response. An alternative explanation for its elevation is proposed linking the core symptom of depression with the mammalian dormancy/hibernation process. Further studies are needed to confirm that ,2M elevation is specific to depression and that it might provide a helpful marker for the diagnosis of depression in people with ID. [source] Patients' explanations for depression: a factor analytic studyCLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY (AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORY & PRACTICE), Issue 1 2008Rick Budd Objectives: Previous questionnaire studies have attempted to explore the factor structure of lay beliefs about the causes of depression. These studies have tended to either fail to sample the full range of possible causal explanations or extract too many factors, thereby producing complex solutions. The main objective of the present study was to obtain a more complete and robust factor structure of lay theories of depression while more adequately sampling from the full range of hypothesized causes of depression. A second objective of the study was to explore the relationship between respondents' explanations for depression and their perceptions of the helpfulness of different treatments received. Method and design: A 77-item questionnaire comprising possible reasons for ,why a person might get depressed' was mailed out to members of a large self-help organization. Also included was a short questionnaire inviting respondents to note treatments received and their perceptions of the helpfulness of these treatments. Data from the 77-item questionnaire were subjected to a principal components analysis. Results: The reasons rated as most important causes of depression related to recent bereavement, imbalance in brain chemistry and having suffered sexual assault/abuse. The data were best described by a two-factor solution, with the first factor clearly representing stress and the second factor depressogenic beliefs, the latter corresponding to a cognitive,behavioural formulation of depression aetiology. The two scales thus derived did not, however, correspond substantially with rated helpfulness for different treatments received. Conclusions: The factor structure obtained was in contrast to more complex models from previous studies, comprising two factors. It is likely to be more robust and meaningful. It accords with previous research on lay theories of depression, which highlight ,stress' as a key cause for depression. Possible limitations in the study are discussed, and it is suggested that using the questionnaire with more recently depressed people might yield clearer findings in relation to perceptions of treatment helpfulness.,Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Attributional biases in subclinical depression: A schema-based accountCLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY (AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORY & PRACTICE), Issue 1 2007Steven J. Morris Non-depressed individuals exhibit a self-serving attributional bias, taking more credit for success than for failure. Clinically and subclinically depressed people are less self-serving, often to the point of making similar attributions (explanations) for successes and failures. The present studies evaluated a schematic account of these distinct attributional biases. Subclinically depressed and non-depressed participants completed measures of attributional bias (the relative strength of ability attributions for success versus failure), schema-based optimism (the relative expectedness of success versus failure) and self-schemas of competence. Two studies evaluated a hypothesis derived from the schematic account: the greater the perceived competence and optimism, the more self-serving the attributional bias. As predicted, (a) attributional bias scores covaried with optimism and competence scores in both magnitude and valence (or direction), (b) depressed-non-depressed differences in attributional biases paralleled differences in competence and optimism and (c) when attributional bias scores were adjusted for the effects of optimism or competence, depressed,non-depressed differences in attributional biases were eliminated. The schematic account raises questions about the common assumptions that attributional patterns are traits, and that they play a central role in the aetiology and treatment of depression. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | |||||||||||||