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Dental Pulp (dental + pulp)
Kinds of Dental Pulp Terms modified by Dental Pulp Selected AbstractsNeurosphere generation from dental pulp of adult rat incisorEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, Issue 3 2008Ryo Sasaki Abstract Dental pulp is a potential source of cells that can be used in cell replacement therapy for various nervous system disorders. Here we report that adult rat dental pulp cells have the ability to form neurospheres when cultured in serum-free culture medium on super-hydrophilic plates. The cells within small spheres continued to grow, and the dental pulp-derived cells generated large spheres. Sphere formation was dependent on exogenously supplied basic-fibroblast growth factor, but not on epidermal growth factor, and the formation and growth of dental pulp-derived spheres were negatively regulated by transforming growth factor-,. Plating cells that were dissociated from spheres on an adhesive substrate resulted in differentiation into Tuj1- and MAP2-positive neuronal cells. Analysis of the three-dimensional structure of dental pulp-derived spheres shows that they contained nestin-positive progenitors, Tuj1-positive neuronal cells and S100-positive glial cells. We found that spheres contained CD81 (TAPA1) and nestin double-positive cells, and identified a small population of CD81 and nestin double-positive cells in the odontoblast layer of the dental pulp. Flow cytometric analysis showed that CD81-positive cells were enriched in the spheres compared with the dental pulp tissue. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) staining showed that nestin- and BrdU-positive cells were located only in the apical portion of the dental pulp, and the apical portion produced a large number of large-sized spheres. These data suggest that the CD81 and nestin double-positive cells localized in the odontoblast layer of the apical portion of the dental pulp may have the ability to grow and form neurospheres. [source] In vitro isolation of stem cells derived from human dental pulpCLINICAL TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 2 2010Farzaneh Agha-Hosseini Agha-Hosseini F, Jahani M-A, Jahani M, Mirzaii-Dizgah I, Ali-Moghaddam K. In vitro isolation of stem cells derived from human dental pulp. Clin Transplant 2009: DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2009.01137.x. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract:, Stem cells are characterized by the ability to differentiate and to self-renew. Stem cells derived from human dental pulp have been shown to differentiate into osteoblasts serving as a potential source of autologous bone produced in vitro. The purpose of the present study was to isolate mesenchymal stem cells from dental pulp. Dental pulp was gently extracted from 27 intact human permanent third molars of patients aged 18,25. Cow horn forceps were used to isolate intact dental pulp in sterilized condition. The pulps were cultured in a medium containing Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium-low glucose (DMEM)-LG and Amphotericin 1%. The cells were subsequently expanded by passages, two passages were performed before they were stored in liquid nitrogen for further examination. DMEM + fetal bovine serum (FBS) 10% L-Glutamin 0.1% + Trypsin 2.5% + ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) were used for passage. Light microscope and flow cytometry were used to study the cells. The isolated dental pulp cells expressed mesenchymal stem cell markers. The cells were negative for CD34 and CD31 and CD45 but were positive for CD13, CD44, CD90, CD166, and CD105. These results indicate that dental pulp can be use as a source of stem cells that we can isolate and culture. [source] Expression of Pit2 sodium-phosphate cotransporter during murine odontogenesis is developmentally regulatedEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 6 2006Dawei Zhao Different sodium-dependent inorganic phosphate (Pi) uptake mechanisms play a major role in cellular Pi homeostasis. The function and detailed distribution patterns of the type III Na+ -phosphate cotransporter, PiT-2, in different organs during development are still largely unknown. We therefore examined the temporospatial expression patterns of Pit2 during murine odontogenesis. Odontoblasts were always devoid of Pit2 expression, whereas a transient, but strong, expression was detected in young secretory ameloblasts. However, the stratum intermedium and, later on, the papillary layer and cells of the subodontoblastic layer, exhibited high levels of Pit2 mRNA, which increased gradually as the tooth matured. Hormonal treatment or Pi starvation of tooth germs in vitro did not alter Pit2 levels or patterns of expression, indicating mechanisms of regulation different from those of PiT-1 or other cell types. PiT-2 also functions as a retroviral receptor, and functional membrane-localized protein was confirmed throughout the dental papilla/pulp by demonstrating cellular permissiveness to infection by a gammaretrovirus that uses PiT-2 as a receptor. The distinct pattern of Pit2 expression during odontogenesis suggests that its Pi -transporter function may be important for homeostasis of dental cells and not specifically for mineralization of the dental extracellular matrices. The expression of viral receptors in enamel-forming cells and the dental pulp may be of pathological significance. [source] Comparison of acidic fibroblast growth factor on collagen carrier with calcium hydroxide as pulp capping agents in monkeysDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 5 2007Zhimei Li Abstract,,, Acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) has been shown to facilitate wound healing by stimulating fibroblast proliferation and angiogenesis. It has also been reported to possess a powerful anti-apoptotic function This study compared the histological pulp responses to aFGF on collagen carrier and Ca(OH)2 placed on the mechanically exposed dental pulp in monkeys at two observation periods. Thirty-six teeth with pulp exposures were distributed into three groups according to the capping agents used prior to application of the coronal seal: collagen-based matrix carrier (group 1), aFGF on the collagen-based matrix carrier (group 2) and aqueous calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] paste (group 3). Specimens were harvested at 6 and 13 weeks postoperatively and prepared for hematoxylin and eosin, and Gram staining. Histological qualitative evaluation of pulp responses were performed under the light microscope following criteria modified from Cox et al. (17) and Hu et al. (18). Semi-quantitative analysis was also carried out using Kruskal,Wallis and Mann,Whitney U -tests. There was neither negligible inflammatory infiltrates with no bacteria present in the three groups at both timings, nor was there any significant difference in the soft tissue organization among the three groups at or between the 6- and 13-week observation periods. At 6 weeks, the hard tissue barrier produced by Ca(OH)2 group (1.040 ± 0.089) was significantly more superior than aFGF/collagen carrier group (1.930 ± 0.825) (P = 0.030) as well as collagen carrier group (3.142 ± 1.069, P = 0.018). At 13 weeks, both aFGF/collagen carrier group (1.214 ± 0.485) and the collagen carrier group (1.457 ± 0.814) produced significantly better hard tissue barrier (P = 0.040 and P = 0.017, respectively) than earlier timing. However, these two groups did not induce significantly improved hard tissue barrier compared to that produced by aqueous Ca(OH)2 paste which stimulated matrix secretion in a polar tubular dentin-like pattern. [source] Circulation in normal and inflamed dental pulpENDODONTIC TOPICS, Issue 1 2007ELLEN BERGGREEN In the pulp, arteries branch into a capillary network before they leave the pulp as venules through the apical foramina. The tissue has low compliance, as it is enclosed in dentin, and has a relatively high blood flow and blood volume. The interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) and colloid osmotic pressure are relatively high whereas the net driving blood pressure is low. The high pulsatile IFP is probably the major force for propelling lymph in the dental pulp. Vasodilation in neighboring tissue as well as arteriovenous (AV) shunts in the pulp itself can contribute to a fall in total and coronal pulpal blood flow, respectively. The pulp blood flow is under nervous, humoral, and local control. Inflammatory vascular responses, vasodilation, and increased vessel permeability induce an increase in IFP that can be followed by a temporarily impaired blood flow response. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from bacteria may cause endothelial activation in the pulp, leading to vasoconstriction and reduced vascular perfusion. Lymphatic vessels are identified with specific lymphatic markers in the pulp but so far, little is known about their function. Because of the special circulatory conditions in the pulp, there are several clinical implications that need to be considered in dental treatment. Received 13 February 2009; accepted 28 August 2009. [source] Inflammatory nerve responses in the dental pulpENDODONTIC TOPICS, Issue 1 2007INGE FRISTAD Tooth pulp has a dense innervation and a rich vascular supply to maintain homeostasis and to preserve the integrity of the tissue. Function, trauma, and antigenic challenges make teeth and supporting tissues susceptible to tissue injury and inflammation, partially due to the lack of collateral blood and nerve supply and to their low compliance. This review focuses on dental nerve functions and adaptive changes in the pulpal nerve supply following inflammation and peripheral injury. Overviews of dental innervation and its development and of the peptidergic innervation of oral tissues are presented, followed by a discussion of peripheral and central changes after local insults to teeth and peripheral nerve injuries. The functional implications of these adaptive changes are considered. Received 13 February 2009; accepted 3 September 2009. [source] Dentinogenic potential of the dental pulp: facts and hypothesesENDODONTIC TOPICS, Issue 1 2007DIMITRIOS TZIAFAS The aim of the present article is to discuss observations and hypotheses from different experimental approaches on the biological mechanisms underlying initiation of tertiary dentin formation and therapeutic control of pulp,dentinal regeneration. The specific dentinogenic potential of dental pulp cells in up-regulating the biosynthetic activity of primary odontoblasts (reactionary dentinogenesis) and differentiation into odontoblast-like cells (reparative dentinogenesis) is described. The role of biologically active matrices and molecules as signaling factors in the expression of the dentinogenic potential of dental pulp cells, in numerous ex vivo and in vivo models, is reviewed. Data are focused on the mechanisms by which the signaling molecules, in the presence of the appropriate pulp microenvironment and specific mechanical support, can induce competent pulpal cells in the acquisition of odontoblast-like cell phenotype and reparative dentin formation. The ability of tissue engineering to stimulate reconstruction of the amputated pulp,dentin complex offers exciting opportunities for the future. Advances in molecular biology and bioengineering research might thus be integrated into the clinical problems of endodontology. Received 13 February 2009; accepted 2 September 2009. [source] Neurosphere generation from dental pulp of adult rat incisorEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, Issue 3 2008Ryo Sasaki Abstract Dental pulp is a potential source of cells that can be used in cell replacement therapy for various nervous system disorders. Here we report that adult rat dental pulp cells have the ability to form neurospheres when cultured in serum-free culture medium on super-hydrophilic plates. The cells within small spheres continued to grow, and the dental pulp-derived cells generated large spheres. Sphere formation was dependent on exogenously supplied basic-fibroblast growth factor, but not on epidermal growth factor, and the formation and growth of dental pulp-derived spheres were negatively regulated by transforming growth factor-,. Plating cells that were dissociated from spheres on an adhesive substrate resulted in differentiation into Tuj1- and MAP2-positive neuronal cells. Analysis of the three-dimensional structure of dental pulp-derived spheres shows that they contained nestin-positive progenitors, Tuj1-positive neuronal cells and S100-positive glial cells. We found that spheres contained CD81 (TAPA1) and nestin double-positive cells, and identified a small population of CD81 and nestin double-positive cells in the odontoblast layer of the dental pulp. Flow cytometric analysis showed that CD81-positive cells were enriched in the spheres compared with the dental pulp tissue. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) staining showed that nestin- and BrdU-positive cells were located only in the apical portion of the dental pulp, and the apical portion produced a large number of large-sized spheres. These data suggest that the CD81 and nestin double-positive cells localized in the odontoblast layer of the apical portion of the dental pulp may have the ability to grow and form neurospheres. [source] Absence of lymphatic vessels in human dental pulp: a morphological studyEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 2 2010Renato Gerli Gerli R, Secciani I, Sozio F, Rossi A, Weber E, Lorenzini G. Absence of lymphatic vessels in human dental pulp: a morphological study. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 110,117. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci Few and controversial data are available in the literature regarding the presence of lymphatic vessels in the human dental pulp. The present study was designed to examine morphologically the existence of a lymph drainage system in human dental pulp. Human dental pulp and skin sections were immunohistochemically stained with specific antibodies for lymphatic endothelium (D2-40, LYVE-1, VEGFR-3 [vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3], and Prox-1), with the pan-endothelial markers CD31 and von Willebrand factor (vWF), and with the blood-specific marker CD34. Several blood vessels were identified in human pulps and skin. Lymphatic vessels were found in all human skin samples but in none of the pulps examined. Western blotting performed on human dermis and on pulps treated with collagenase (to remove odontoblasts) confirmed these results. Transmission electron microscopy indicated that vessels which, by light microscopy, appeared to be initial lymphatic vessels had no anchoring filaments or discontinuous basement membrane, both of which are typical ultrastructural characteristics of lymphatic vessels. These results suggest that under normal conditions human dental pulp does not contain true lymphatic vessels. The various theories about dental pulp interstitial fluid circulation should be revised accordingly. [source] Expression of Pit2 sodium-phosphate cotransporter during murine odontogenesis is developmentally regulatedEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 6 2006Dawei Zhao Different sodium-dependent inorganic phosphate (Pi) uptake mechanisms play a major role in cellular Pi homeostasis. The function and detailed distribution patterns of the type III Na+ -phosphate cotransporter, PiT-2, in different organs during development are still largely unknown. We therefore examined the temporospatial expression patterns of Pit2 during murine odontogenesis. Odontoblasts were always devoid of Pit2 expression, whereas a transient, but strong, expression was detected in young secretory ameloblasts. However, the stratum intermedium and, later on, the papillary layer and cells of the subodontoblastic layer, exhibited high levels of Pit2 mRNA, which increased gradually as the tooth matured. Hormonal treatment or Pi starvation of tooth germs in vitro did not alter Pit2 levels or patterns of expression, indicating mechanisms of regulation different from those of PiT-1 or other cell types. PiT-2 also functions as a retroviral receptor, and functional membrane-localized protein was confirmed throughout the dental papilla/pulp by demonstrating cellular permissiveness to infection by a gammaretrovirus that uses PiT-2 as a receptor. The distinct pattern of Pit2 expression during odontogenesis suggests that its Pi -transporter function may be important for homeostasis of dental cells and not specifically for mineralization of the dental extracellular matrices. The expression of viral receptors in enamel-forming cells and the dental pulp may be of pathological significance. [source] In vivo astaxanthin treatment partially prevents antioxidant alterations in dental pulp from alloxan-induced diabetic ratsINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 11 2010M. F. Leite Leite MF, de Lima A, Massuyama MM, Otton R.In vivo astaxanthin treatment partially prevents antioxidant alterations in dental pulp from alloxan-induced diabetic rats. International Endodontic Journal, 43, 959,967, 2010. Abstract Aim, To evaluate the effect of astaxanthin on antioxidant parameters of dental pulp from diabetic rats. The hypothesis tested was that supplementation of diabetic rats with astaxanthin might eliminate, or at least attenuate, the defect in their antioxidative status. Methodology, Wistar rats (n = 32) were divided into four groups: untreated control, treated control, untreated diabetic and treated diabetic rats. A prophylactic dose of astaxanthin (20 mg kg,1 body weight) was administered daily by gavage for 30 days. On day 23, diabetes was induced by injection of alloxan (60 mg kg,1 body weight). After 7 days of diabetes induction, the rats were killed, and pulp tissue from incisor teeth removed. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reductase activities were determined. Data were compared by anova and the Newman,Keuls test (P < 0.05). Results, Diabetes caused a reduction in SOD, GPx and reductase activity in dental pulp tissue. Astaxanthin had no effect on SOD and catalase activities; however, it stimulated GPx in control and diabetic rats. Conclusions, Diabetes altered the antioxidant system in dental pulp tissue; astaxanthin partially improved the diabetic complications. [source] Prostaglandin F2, stimulates MEK-ERK signalling but decreases the expression of alkaline phosphatase in dental pulp cellsINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 6 2010M. C. Chang Chang MC, Chen YJ, Lee MY, Lin LD, Wang TM, Chan CP, Tsai YL, Wang CY, Lin BR, Jeng JH. Prostaglandin F2, stimulates MEK-ERK signalling but decreases the expression of alkaline phosphatase in dental pulp cells. International Endodontic Journal, 43, 461,468, 2010. Abstract Aim, To study prostaglandin F2, (PGF2,) receptor expression and downstream signalling in cultured human dental pulp cells and the effect of PGF2, on the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of dental pulp cells. Methodology, Human dental pulp cells were cultured and exposed to PGF2,. The expression of PGF2, (FP) receptors was analysed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting. The activation of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) and cAMP responsive element binding protein/activating transcription factor-1 (CREB/ATF-1) signalling was determined by Western blotting. The expression of ALP in pulp cells after exposure to PGF2, was evaluated by ALP staining and PCR. Results, Dental pulp cells expressed FP receptor mRNA and protein. Exposure to PGF2, revealed little cytotoxicity to pulp cells. PGF2, induced both ERK and CREB/ATF-1 phosphorylation in pulp cells. Exposure to PGF2, (>1 ,mol L,1) further decreased the ALP activity and mRNA expression. However, U0126 (an inhibitor of MEK1) showed little preventive effect on the decline of ALP activity in dental pulp cells by PGF2,. Conclusion, PGF2, may potentially activate FP receptors leading to ERK/CREB-ATF-1 activation during its production in inflamed dental pulp. PGF2, attenuated the ALP activity of pulp cells possibly via pathways not solely by MEK/ERK activation. PGF2, is a contributing factor of pulpal inflammation by regulating the activities of pulp cells. [source] Hydrogen peroxide induces expression and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in a dental pulp cell lineINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 3 2008Y. Fukuyama Abstract Aim, To investigate the effects of hydrogen peroxide on cell viability and expression and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in rat dental pulp cell line RPC-C2A. Methodology, RPC-C2A cells derived from rat dental pulp were maintained in MEM supplemented with 10% FBS at 37 °C, in a humidified atmosphere at 5% CO2. Cells were cultured in the presence or absence of H2O2 for up to 60 min at concentrations of from 0.1 to 3.0 mmol L,1. Cell viability was analysed by WST-1 reduction assay. Expression of AMPK subunit isoforms was analysed by Western blotting using antibodies to the catalytic ,1 and regulatory ,1 and ,1 subunit isoforms. The effect of silencing AMPK,1 on cell viability was determined using siRNA. Results, Exposure to H2O2 decreased cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The catalytic AMPK,1 subunit and its activated form, phospho-AMPK,, increased with exposure to H2O2 in a time- and dose-dependent manner, whereas the regulatory ,1 and ,1 subunits showed no change. Downregulation of AMPK,1 resulted in a reduction in cell viability in H2O2 -treated cells at a concentration of 0.1 mmol L,1 for 30 min incubation, indicating an increased sensitivity to H2O2. Conclusions, Reactive oxygen induced energy fuel gauge enzyme AMPK, expression and its activation by phosphorylation in RPC-C2A cells, suggesting that AMPK is essential for protection against H2O2 -induced nonapoptotic cell death. Therefore, AMPK may be a therapeutic modulation target for treatment of the dentine,pulp complex injured by reactive oxygen. [source] Age-related changes in blood capillary endothelium of human dental pulp: an ultrastructural studyINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 6 2003A. I. Espina Abstract Aim, To describe the ultrastructural changes that occur in pulpal blood capillaries as a result of ageing. Methodology, Thirty samples of healthy dental pulps were obtained from functional human permanent teeth. Two age groups were examined: young (10,17 years) and old (>60 years). The teeth were extracted under local anaesthesia using mepivacaine without adrenaline (Scandonest 3%, Septodont, Saint-Maur des Fossés, France) and split longitudinally in a bench press. The pulps were gently removed, immersed in fixative solution, sectioned and processed by conventional transmission electron microscopic techniques. Micrographs were taken from the endothelium, and the whole capillary area of each vessel was examined. Results, In young pulps, the endothelial cell layer was characterized by the presence of numerous pinocytotic vesicles and microvesicles, RER cisterns, free ribosomes, a small Golgi complex, centrioles, microtubules, microfilaments and mitochondria. In the endothelial cell cytoplasm of older pulpal vessels, pinocytotic vesicles and microvesicles, as well as microfilaments, were more numerous. In addition, lipid-like vacuoles, monogranular glycogen granules and extensive Golgi complexes with dilated cisterns were also present. Weibel-Palade bodies were observed in both age groups without showing variations related with age. Conclusions, The results obtained in capillaries of aged pulpal tissue suggest that the endothelium experiences morphological changes that could be associated with advancing age. [source] Immunolocalization of bone extracellular matrix proteins (type I collagen, osteonectin and bone sialoprotein) in human dental pulp and cultured pulp cellsINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 6 2003J. M. Q. Garcia Abstract Aim, To simultaneously analyse the expression of type I collagen, osteonectin and bone sialoprotein (BSP) in human dental pulp of different ages. Methodology, Cultured dental pulp fibroblasts (FP1 cell line), pulps from dental germs with incomplete root formation (n = 4) and pulps of erupted teeth with total root formation (n = 4) were used. Bone proteins were searched by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence using polyclonal antibodies and compared among the three groups assessed. Results, Immunohistochemistry detected the three proteins in dental pulp tissue, as it labelled extracellular matrix, predentine and odontoblasts. The BSP label was weaker, when compared to both type I collagen and osteonectin. The presence of type I collagen was more evident in pulps from erupted teeth, when compared to germ dental pulps. On the other hand, a strong expression of osteonectin in germ dental pulps was observed. Conclusions, Regardless of the degree of maturation, dental pulps present type I collagen, osteonectin and BSP in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and in the odontoblastic layer. Thus, the results suggest that these proteins are related to the production and mineralization of dentine. [source] Expression of ,1 integrins in human dental pulp in vivo: a comparative immunohistochemical study on healthy and chronic marginal periodontitis samplesINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 1 2001F. Ta Abstract Aim The objective of this study was to determine the tissue distribution of ,1 integrin chains in sound human dental pulps and to compare the findings with connective tissue compartments of other organs and to pulp tissue in teeth extracted due to periodontal disease. Methodology Freshly frozen pulp tissue samples from teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons were examined and compared to samples from teeth extracted due to chronic (marginal) periodontitis. ,1 integrin chains were determined using an indirect-immunoperoxidase technique. Seven monoclonal antibodies recognizing ,1, ,2, ,3, ,4, ,5, ,6 and ,1 chains of Very Late Activation Antigen (VLA) integrins were used for this purpose. Results VLA-1, VLA-2, VLA-3 and VLA-5 were expressed by vascular endothelium and vascular smooth muscle in varying intensities in both groups. VLA-6 reactivity was observed in the basal surfaces of arterial, venous and capillary endothelia. Our results indicate that there was no significant difference in the expression of VLA integrins in sound pulp tissue when compared to the samples from chronic (marginal) periodontitis and the connective tissue compartments of other viscera. Conclusion The present findings suggest that human dental pulp tissue is not different from other connective tissue compartments in the body with respect to VLA integrin expression, and chronic marginal periodontitis does not affect pulp tissue to a histopathologically detectable extent. [source] Ultrastructural changes in feline dental pulp with periodontal diseaseMICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE, Issue 5 2003Jamileh Ghoddusi Abstract A light and transmission electron microscopic study was conducted on dental pulp on cats suffering periodontal disease. After extraction, pulp tissues were fixed and embedded in Epon-Araldite. Thick layers of predentin (50 ,m) and odontoblasts (30 ,m) were observed. In thin sections, odontoblasts showed many mitochondria and secretary vesicles. Some capillaries with several fenestrations were located within the odontoblastic layer. All the sections of pulp examined displayed a generalized infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells. Fibroblasts displayed lytic changes in some areas. These findings imply that the pulp is significantly affected by periodontal disease and furcation-involved teeth should be a carefully considered factor when dental treatment is planned. Microsc. Res. Tech. 61:423,427, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Proliferative activity of cells from remaining dental pulp in response to treatment with dental materialsAUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 1 2010AN Lutfi Abstract Background:, The biological examination of pulp injury, repair events and response of dental pulp stem cells to dental restorative materials is important to accomplish restorative treatment, especially to commonly used dental materials in paediatric dentistry, such as glass ionomer cement (GIC) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) lining cement. Methods:, Healthy patients aged between 9 to 11 years with carious primary molars without pulp exposure were selected and divided into two groups: Group 1 (teeth restored with GIC) and Group 2 (teeth lined using Ca(OH)2 and restored with GIC). The proliferative activity of stem cells of teeth between these two groups was compared using colourimetric cell proliferation reagent, alamarBlue. Immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry confirmation were performed using mesenchymal stem cell markers, CD105 and CD166. Results:, The proliferative activity using alamarBlueÔ assay showed that cells derived from the remaining dental pulp of exfoliated deciduous teeth were positive for CD105 and CD166 and exhibited no difference between the two groups. Conclusions:, It can be concluded that the use of Ca(OH)2 or GIC as a lining material in indirect pulp capping procedures has the same effect on cells derived from the remaining dental pulp of exfoliated deciduous teeth which have responded favourably to the restorative treatments. [source] An overview of the dental pulp: its functions and responses to injuryAUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 2007C. Yu Abstract The dental pulp is a unique tissue and its importance in the long-term prognosis of the tooth is often ignored by clinicians. It is unique in that it resides in a rigid chamber which provides strong mechanical support and protection from the microbial rich oral environment. If this rigid shell loses its structural integrity, the pulp is under the threat of the adverse stimuli from the mouth, such as caries, cracks, fractures and open restoration margins, all of which provide pathways for micro-organisms and their toxins to enter the pulp. The pulp initially responds to irritation by becoming inflamed and, if left untreated, this will progress to pulp necrosis and infection. The inflammation will also spread to the surrounding alveolar bone and cause periapical pathosis. The magnitude of pulp-related problems should not be underestimated since their most serious consequence is oral sepsis, which can be life threatening, and hence correct diagnosis and management are essential. Clinicians must have a thorough understanding of the physiological and pathological features of the dental pulp as well as the biological consequences of treatment interventions. [source] Diagnosis And Treatment Planning Are Essential Prior To Commencing Endodontic Treatment: Discuss This Statement As It Relates To Clinical Endodontic ManagementAUSTRALIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 1 2005Ms Trudy Stewart Diagnosis and treatment planning are essential to the practice of endodontics. Diagnosis aims to determine whether pathological involvement of the dental pulp has or is occurring. Treatment planning meanwhile, involves appropriately selecting cases, determining how difficult the treatment may be to perform on a specific individual and sequencing treatment procedures to achieve a healthy and functional dentition. In endodontic management, this may involve establishing whether the tooth is restorable and periodontally sound, the patient is able to tolerate the treatments and the clinician has the skills to perform the required treatment procedures. Careful consideration of these issues must be given prior to commencing treatment. [source] Temperature changes in dental pulp associated with use of power grinding equipment on equine teethAUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 1-2 2005GJ WILSON Objective To quantify the temperature changes in the dental pulp associated with equine dental procedures using power grinding equipment. Design A matrix experimental design with replication on the same sample was followed to allow the following independent variables to be assessed: horse age (young or old), tooth type (premolar or molar), powered grinding instrument (rotating disc or die grinder), grinding time (15 or 20 seconds) and the presence or absence of water coolant. Procedure Sound premolar and molar teeth from a 6-year-old horse and a 15-year-old horse, which had been removed postmortem, were sectioned parallel to the occlusal plane to allow placement of a miniature thermocouple at the level of the dental pulp. The maximum temperature increase, the time taken to reach this maximum and the cooling time were measured (n=10 in each study). The teeth were placed in a vice and the instrument used on the tooth as per clinical situation. Results Significant differences were recorded for horse age (P < 0.001), instrument type (P < 0.001), grinding time (P < 0.001) and presence or absence of coolant (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference for tooth type. Conclusion Thermal insult to the dental pulp from the use of power instruments poses a significant risk to the tooth. This risk can be reduced or eliminated by appropriate selection of treatment time and by the use of water irrigation as a coolant. The increased dentine thickness in older horses appears to mitigate against thermal injury from frictional heat. [source] In vitro isolation of stem cells derived from human dental pulpCLINICAL TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 2 2010Farzaneh Agha-Hosseini Agha-Hosseini F, Jahani M-A, Jahani M, Mirzaii-Dizgah I, Ali-Moghaddam K. In vitro isolation of stem cells derived from human dental pulp. Clin Transplant 2009: DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2009.01137.x. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract:, Stem cells are characterized by the ability to differentiate and to self-renew. Stem cells derived from human dental pulp have been shown to differentiate into osteoblasts serving as a potential source of autologous bone produced in vitro. The purpose of the present study was to isolate mesenchymal stem cells from dental pulp. Dental pulp was gently extracted from 27 intact human permanent third molars of patients aged 18,25. Cow horn forceps were used to isolate intact dental pulp in sterilized condition. The pulps were cultured in a medium containing Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium-low glucose (DMEM)-LG and Amphotericin 1%. The cells were subsequently expanded by passages, two passages were performed before they were stored in liquid nitrogen for further examination. DMEM + fetal bovine serum (FBS) 10% L-Glutamin 0.1% + Trypsin 2.5% + ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) were used for passage. Light microscope and flow cytometry were used to study the cells. The isolated dental pulp cells expressed mesenchymal stem cell markers. The cells were negative for CD34 and CD31 and CD45 but were positive for CD13, CD44, CD90, CD166, and CD105. These results indicate that dental pulp can be use as a source of stem cells that we can isolate and culture. [source] The cytotoxic effects of resin-based sealers on dental pulp stem cellsINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 8 2010O. Trubiani Trubiani O, Caputi S, Di Iorio D, D'Amario M, Paludi M, Giancola R, Di Nardo Di Maio F, De Angelis F, D'Arcangelo C. The cytotoxic effects of resin-based sealers on dental pulp stem cells. International Endodontic Journal. Abstract Aim, To evaluate the effect of four current resin-based adhesives on expanded ex vivo human dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells (DP-MSCs). Methodology, Dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells were derived from dental pulps of ten donors. After in vitro isolation, dental pulp stem cells were analysed using flow cytometry. The immunophenotype of DP-MSCs disclosed the homogeneous expression of the mesenchymal-related antigens CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD166. DP-MSCs were exposed to four different commercially available bonding systems (CMF Bond, Prime&Bond NT, Clearfil S3 Bond, XP Bond), and after 24, 48 and 72 h of incubation the morphological features and the cell growth were analysed. Moreover, the cell viability was evaluated at the same times by MTT assay. Data were statistically analysed using a two-way anova and Holm,Sidak method (, set at 0.05). Results, Significant differences were observed between the four groups when comparing DP-MSCs appearance. DP-MSCs survived and proliferated without inhibition in the presence of CMF Bond adhesive. On the contrary, microscopic evaluation of the other three groups revealed extensive cytotoxic effects from the dentine bonding agents. The MTT assay revealed no statistically significant differences in cell viability after 72 h between the control group and CMF Bond group. All the other experimental groups had statistically lower optical density values. Conclusions, CMF Bond adhesive allowed human dental pulp stem cells to survive and proliferate. All of the other dentine bonding agents had extensive cytotoxic effects. [source] Localization of substance P-induced upregulated interleukin-8 expression in human dental pulp explantsINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 2 2008G. T.-J. Abstract Aim, To localize ex vivo expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8) induced by substance P (SP) in human dental pulps. Methodology, Intact caries-free, freshly extracted third molars (n = 20) were collected from patients (15,25 years old). The teeth were split and pulpal tissue was obtained and stored in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium. Human dental pulp tissue explants were stimulated with SP. Expression of IL-8 in pulp explants was detected and localized by immunohistochemistry. Results, Moderated IL-8 immunoreactivities were detected mainly in the cell-rich zone in pulp tissues 12 h after tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-,) stimulation (positive controls), whereas only weak IL-8 expression was observed in tissues stimulated with SP at the same time interval. These data did not differ from those in negative controls. Increased IL-8 expression in pulp explants after 24 h of SP stimulation was noted compared with negative controls and located in fibroblast-like cells, blood vessel-associated cells and extracellular matrix in the central zone and cell-rich zone of pulp explants. Tissues stimulated with TNF-, for 24 h (positive controls) revealed weak IL-8 immunoreactivities with altered cell morphology. Conclusions, Substance P induces IL-8 expression and was located in fibroblast-like pulp cells, blood vessel-associated cells and extracellular matrix of human dental explants. These data support the hypothesis that neuropeptide (SP) coordinates the modulation of pulpal inflammation via up-regulating chemokine IL-8. [source] Age-related changes in blood capillary endothelium of human dental pulp: an ultrastructural studyINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 6 2003A. I. Espina Abstract Aim, To describe the ultrastructural changes that occur in pulpal blood capillaries as a result of ageing. Methodology, Thirty samples of healthy dental pulps were obtained from functional human permanent teeth. Two age groups were examined: young (10,17 years) and old (>60 years). The teeth were extracted under local anaesthesia using mepivacaine without adrenaline (Scandonest 3%, Septodont, Saint-Maur des Fossés, France) and split longitudinally in a bench press. The pulps were gently removed, immersed in fixative solution, sectioned and processed by conventional transmission electron microscopic techniques. Micrographs were taken from the endothelium, and the whole capillary area of each vessel was examined. Results, In young pulps, the endothelial cell layer was characterized by the presence of numerous pinocytotic vesicles and microvesicles, RER cisterns, free ribosomes, a small Golgi complex, centrioles, microtubules, microfilaments and mitochondria. In the endothelial cell cytoplasm of older pulpal vessels, pinocytotic vesicles and microvesicles, as well as microfilaments, were more numerous. In addition, lipid-like vacuoles, monogranular glycogen granules and extensive Golgi complexes with dilated cisterns were also present. Weibel-Palade bodies were observed in both age groups without showing variations related with age. Conclusions, The results obtained in capillaries of aged pulpal tissue suggest that the endothelium experiences morphological changes that could be associated with advancing age. [source] Immunolocalization of bone extracellular matrix proteins (type I collagen, osteonectin and bone sialoprotein) in human dental pulp and cultured pulp cellsINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 6 2003J. M. Q. Garcia Abstract Aim, To simultaneously analyse the expression of type I collagen, osteonectin and bone sialoprotein (BSP) in human dental pulp of different ages. Methodology, Cultured dental pulp fibroblasts (FP1 cell line), pulps from dental germs with incomplete root formation (n = 4) and pulps of erupted teeth with total root formation (n = 4) were used. Bone proteins were searched by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence using polyclonal antibodies and compared among the three groups assessed. Results, Immunohistochemistry detected the three proteins in dental pulp tissue, as it labelled extracellular matrix, predentine and odontoblasts. The BSP label was weaker, when compared to both type I collagen and osteonectin. The presence of type I collagen was more evident in pulps from erupted teeth, when compared to germ dental pulps. On the other hand, a strong expression of osteonectin in germ dental pulps was observed. Conclusions, Regardless of the degree of maturation, dental pulps present type I collagen, osteonectin and BSP in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and in the odontoblastic layer. Thus, the results suggest that these proteins are related to the production and mineralization of dentine. [source] Expression of ,1 integrins in human dental pulp in vivo: a comparative immunohistochemical study on healthy and chronic marginal periodontitis samplesINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 1 2001F. Ta Abstract Aim The objective of this study was to determine the tissue distribution of ,1 integrin chains in sound human dental pulps and to compare the findings with connective tissue compartments of other organs and to pulp tissue in teeth extracted due to periodontal disease. Methodology Freshly frozen pulp tissue samples from teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons were examined and compared to samples from teeth extracted due to chronic (marginal) periodontitis. ,1 integrin chains were determined using an indirect-immunoperoxidase technique. Seven monoclonal antibodies recognizing ,1, ,2, ,3, ,4, ,5, ,6 and ,1 chains of Very Late Activation Antigen (VLA) integrins were used for this purpose. Results VLA-1, VLA-2, VLA-3 and VLA-5 were expressed by vascular endothelium and vascular smooth muscle in varying intensities in both groups. VLA-6 reactivity was observed in the basal surfaces of arterial, venous and capillary endothelia. Our results indicate that there was no significant difference in the expression of VLA integrins in sound pulp tissue when compared to the samples from chronic (marginal) periodontitis and the connective tissue compartments of other viscera. Conclusion The present findings suggest that human dental pulp tissue is not different from other connective tissue compartments in the body with respect to VLA integrin expression, and chronic marginal periodontitis does not affect pulp tissue to a histopathologically detectable extent. [source] Substance P and CGRP expression in dental pulps with irreversible pulpitisAUSTRALIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 2 2010Mandana Sattari dds Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expression in pulp tissue with clinically diagnosed symptomatic and asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Healthy pulps acted as controls. Five normal pulps and 40 with irreversible pulpitis (20 symptomatic and 20 asymptomatic) were obtained from 45 different patients. SP and CGRP expression was determined by competition binding assays using enzyme immunoassay. anova and Mann,Whitney tests were used to ascertain if there were statistically significant differences between the groups. The results showed that neuropeptides were found in all pulp samples. The highest and the lowest expressions for SP and CGRP were found in symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and healthy pulps groups, respectively. The differences between healthy pulps and the groups of pulps having irreversible pulpitis were significant (P < 0.001). Although Mann,Whitney's post-hoc tests showed statistically significant differences in CGRP expression between two pulpitis groups (P < 0.05), differences in SP expression between symptomatic and asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis groups were not significant. This study demonstrated that the expression of CGRP and SP is significantly higher in pulps with irreversible pulpitis compared with healthy pulps. [source] | ||||||||||