Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Demand System (demand + system)
Kinds of Demand System Selected AbstractsDEMOGRAPHIC DEMAND SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATION TO EQUIVALENCE SCALES ESTIMATION AND INEQUALITY ANALYSIS: THE AUSTRALIAN EVIDENCEAUSTRALIAN ECONOMIC PAPERS, Issue 3 2010PAUL BLACKLOW This paper proposes and applies an alternative demographic procedure for extending a demand system to allow for the effect of household size and composition changes, along with price changes, on expenditure allocation. The demographic procedure is applied to two recent demand functional forms to obtain their estimable demographic extensions. The estimation on pooled time series of Australian Household Expenditure Surveys yields sensible and robust estimates of the equivalence scale, and of its variation with relative prices. Further evidence on the usefulness of this procedure is provided by using it to evaluate the nature and magnitude of the inequality bias of relative price changes in Australia over a period from the late 1980s to the early part of the new millennium. [source] Consumer Welfare and the Loss Induced by Withholding Information: The Case of BSE in ItalyJOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, Issue 1 2004Mario Mazzocchi The paper develops a measure of consumer welfare losses associated with withholding information about a possible link between BSE and vCJD. The Cost of Ignorance (COI) is measured by comparing the utility of the informed choice with the utility of the uninformed choice, under conditions of improved information. Unlike previous work that is largely based on a single equation demand model, the measure is obtained retrieving a cost function from a dynamic Almost Ideal Demand System. The estimated perceived loss for Italian consumers due to delayed information ranges from 12 percent to 54 percent of total meat expenditure, depending on the month assumed to embody correct beliefs about the safety level of beef. [source] Analysis of the demand for imported meat in Switzerland using a dynamic specification: Implications for the European UnionAGRIBUSINESS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, Issue 4 2007Shiferaw T. Feleke The study identifies the long-run equilibrium (steady-state) relationship of the demand for imported meat in Switzerland and the speed of adjustment of the short-run demand using the Error Correction Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System (EC-LA/AIDS). Results indicate that imports of meat into Switzerland have a long-run equilibrium relationship with price and real expenditure. The study also finds that the demand for pork is price elastic, while the demand for beef, chicken, and mutton is price inelastic. Results will have important implications for the EU meat industry to adjust its export supply in response to changes in prices resulting from the bilateral trade agreements in which Switzerland is expected to reduce or abolish nontariff barriers, further open its market, and reduce or abolish all duties and export subsidies. [EconLit citations: Q110, Q130, Q170 © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Agribusiness 23: 497,510, 2007. [source] Household vegetable demand in the Philippines: Is there an urban-rural divide?AGRIBUSINESS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, Issue 4 2007Maria Erlinda M. Mutuc A Nonlinear Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (NQAIDS) that accounts for censoring and endogeneity problems is used to assess the vegetable demand behavior of rural and urban households in the Philippines. Detailed household consumption data for a number of vegetable commodities are utilized in the analysis. The results show that most of the expenditure and own-price elasticities of the vegetables analyzed are near or larger than unitary in both rural and urban areas. For majority of the vegetable commodities examined, only the expenditure elasticity is significantly different between rural and urban households. On the other hand, own-price and cross-price elasticities of most vegetables do not significantly differ between rural and urban households. The disaggregate vegetable demand elasticities in this study, as well as the insights from the rural/urban comparisons, provide valuable information that can be utilized for the analysis and design of various food-related policies in the Philippines. [JEL Classification: R21; Q11] © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Agribusiness 23: 511,527, 2007. [source] Food consumption and demographics in Japan: Implications for an aging populationAGRIBUSINESS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, Issue 4 2007Mauricio V.L. Bittencourt This study estimates a cross-sectional model based on the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) to examine the determinants of food consumption patterns in Japan over life-cycle periods. The test of structural changes, the analysis of the effects of demographic characteristics, and the estimation of expenditure and price elasticities are conducted from a random sample of 1,281 households from a Japanese household survey in 1997. Results show that each economic or noneconomic factor has a different impact on food consumption over a lifetime. Changes in consumption of some food groups can be explained by price and income effects where others can be explained by demographic characteristics. Financial constraint is not binding and residential location is likely to have little or no impact on predicting consumers' food choices at different periods of their lives. Other key factors that affect consumption pattern include family size, number of children, lifestyle, and health concern. [EconLit citations: C310, D120, D910.] © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Agribusiness 23: 529,551, 2007. [source] Analyses of consumers' dietary behavior: An application of the AIDS model to supermarket scanner dataAGRIBUSINESS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, Issue 2 2003Eugene Jones Nationwide food consumption surveys often find no difference in the diets of lower and higher income Americans, while studies of particular food commodities find major differences. These contrasting results represent a consumption paradox. We attempt to gain an understanding of this paradox by using supermarket scanner data to examine food purchases and, by extension, consumption patterns for consumers in two, geographically distinct, income areas. These areas are part of the larger Columbus, OH, metropolitan area (CMA) and six stores are selected for purchase and consumption analyses,three from the lowest income areas of the CMA and three from the highest income areas. Seven product categories are analyzed in this study and these categories are subdivided into meaningful nutritional classes. An Almost Ideal Demand System is employed and the empirical results reveal major differences in consumption behavior for the two groups. [EconLit citations: D120 and D190.] © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Agribusiness 19: 203,221, 2003. [source] An error corrected almost ideal demand system for major cereals in KenyaAGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, Issue 1 2010Jonathan M. Nzuma Error correction model; AIDS; Cereal consumption; Kenya Abstract Despite significant progress in theory and empirical methods, the analysis of food consumption patterns in developing countries, particularly those in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), has received very limited attention. An attempt is made in this article to estimate an Error Corrected Almost Ideal Demand System for four major cereals consumed in Kenya employing annual data from 1963 to 2005. This demand system performs well on both theoretical and empirical grounds. The symmetry and homogeneity conditions are supported by the data and the,Le Chatelier,principle holds. Empirically, all own-price elasticities are negative and significant at 5% level and irrespective of the time horizon, maize, wheat, rice, and sorghum may be considered as necessities in Kenya. While the expenditure elasticities of all four cereals are positive, they are inelastic both in the short run and in the long run. Finally, wheat and rice complement maize consumption in Kenya while sorghum acts as a substitute. Since cereal consumers have price and income inelastic responses, a combination of income and price-oriented policies could improve cereal consumption in Kenya. [source] An assessment of the current structure of food demand in urban ChinaAGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, Issue 1 2006Brian W. Gould China; Food demand system; QUAIDS; Fractional logit Abstract We evaluate the current structure of food demand in urban China by using household expenditure survey data from five provinces. Two complementary analyses are undertaken. First, an aggregate analysis based on a fractional logit model is used to examine how households allocate food expenditures across the food-at-home (FAH) and food-away-from-home (FAFH) categories. This is followed by a disaggregated analysis of how households allocated their FAH expenditures across 12 commodity categories. A Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) is used. We find evidence of significant food purchase substitution and complementarity. [source] An error correction almost ideal demand system for meat in GreeceAGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, Issue 1 2000G. Karagiannis Abstract This paper represents a dynamic specification of the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) based on recent developments on cointegration techniques and error correction models. Based on Greek meat consumption data over the period 1958,1993, it was found that the proposed formulation performs well on both theoretical and statistical grounds, as the theoretical properties of homogeneity and symmetry are supported by the data and the LeChatelier principle holds. Regardless of the time horizon, beef and chicken may be considered as luxuries while mutton-lamb and pork as necessities. In the short-run, beef was found to have price elastic demand, pork an almost unitary elasticity, whereas mutton-lamb, chicken and sausages had inelastic demands; in the long-run, beef, and pork were found to have a demand elasticity greater than one, whereas mutton-lamb, chicken, and sausages still had inelastic demands. All meat items are found to be substitutes to each other except chicken and mutton-lamb, and pork and chicken. [source] Characterizing Pareto Improvements in an Interdependent Demand SystemJOURNAL OF PUBLIC ECONOMIC THEORY, Issue 3 2004Peter Kooreman Interdependent preferences generally imply Pareto inefficiency. For a general demand system, we provide a characterization of Pareto improvements. For a prominent parametric specification, the Linear Expenditure System, we characterize in detail the welfare loss associated with interdependent preferences. Using an estimated empirical model of this kind, we calculate the compensating variation corresponding to the welfare loss. [source] Quadratic Differential Demand Systems and the Retail Demand for Pork in Great BritainJOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, Issue 3 2003Panos Fousekis The primary objective of this paper is to derive a general synthetic quadratic (rank 3) differential demand system which nests within it a range of testable differential demand models including the quadratic AIDS, CBS, Rotterdam and NBR systems. A model selection test procedure is also outlined. These differential systems are then applied and tested to analyse the monthly retail demand for cuts of pork in Great Britain over the period 1989,2000. The empirical results suggest that a quadratic differential AIDS model is most appropriate for the pork demand system studied, but that the need for inclusion of quadratic income/expenditure terms is not universal for every cut within the demand system. Quadratic expenditure effects were appropriate for pork chops and leg roasts, but log linear expenditure effects were adequate for bellies, shoulders and loin roasts. Roasting cuts were expenditure and own price elastic, with pork loins, chops and bellies all expenditure and own price inelastic. [source] Decomposing Preference Shifts for Meat and Fish in the NetherlandsJOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, Issue 2 2001M.-J.J. Mangen The changing preferences of Dutch consumers for meat and fish are investigated using a switching almost ideal demand system. Structural change in demand between January 1994 and May 1998 is decomposed into underlying trends, temporarily irreversible preference shifts triggered by the BSE crisis of March 1996, and a "panic" reaction against beef in the month of the crisis itself. Preference shifts due to the BSE scare reduced expenditure shares for beef, minced meat and meat products by 2.5, 3.3 and 7.9 percentage points respectively. There were offsetting gains in the shares of pork, prepared meat and fish. Taking underlying trends also into account, changing preferences over the whole period reduced beefs share by 4.9 percentage points and increased those of poultry, prepared meat and fish by 4.1, 4.9 and 5.2 percentage points respectively. [source] Measuring Market Power for Food Retail Activities: French EvidenceJOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, Issue 2 2000Alexandre Gohin In this paper we develop and estimate an empirical model of pricing behaviour for food retail firms in both a quantity-setting oligopoly engaged in the joint production of demand-related final goods and a quantity-setting oligopsony for supply-unrelated wholesale goods. The procedure consists of estimating an inverse demand system for the final goods, single supply functions for the wholesale goods and the retail industry first-order profit-maximisation conditions, from which an estimate of the degree of imperfect competition and of oligopoly-oligopsony power for the different commodities can be retrieved. The model is applied to the French food retail industry and three commodities are distinguished: dairy products, meat products and other food products. We strongly reject the hypothesis that French food retail firms behave competitively, and more than 20 and 17 per cent of the wholesale-to-retail price margins for dairy products and meat products, respectively, can be attributed to oligopoly-oligopsony distortions. [source] A rational rank four demand systemJOURNAL OF APPLIED ECONOMETRICS, Issue 2 2003Arthur Lewbel Past parametric tests of demand system rank employed polynomial Engel curve systems. However, by Gorman's (1981) theorem, the maximum possible rank of a utility-derived polynomial demand system is three. The present paper proposes a class of demand systems that are utility derived, are close to polynomial, and have rank four. These systems nest rational polynomial demands, and so can be used to test ranks up to four. These systems are suitable for applications where high rank is likely, such as demand systems involving a large number of goods. A test of rank using this new class of systems is applied to UK consumer demand data. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Econometric evidence of cross-market effects of generic dairy advertisingAGRIBUSINESS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, Issue 1 2010Metin Cakir We estimate a dairy demand system to evaluate generic dairy advertising in the US, 1990,2005. Previous empirical studies of generic dairy advertising focus only on the market of the advertised good, ignoring potential spill-over and feedback effects. We specify an LA/AIDS model of dairy demand, which allows consistent estimation of cross-price and cross-advertising effects across dairy product markets, and is flexible and satisfies the axioms of consumer theory. We use the non-linear 3SLS estimator to address endogenous prices and serial correlation, and conduct bootstrapping to generate empirical distributions of elasticity estimates. Results suggest that cross-market effects are economically and statistically important. Thus, econometric dairy demand models that ignore cross-advertising and cross-price effects are mis-specified. Previous work that ignores substitution between fluid milk and cheese overstates producers' returns to generic advertising for either product. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Potato demand in an increasingly organic marketplace,AGRIBUSINESS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, Issue 3 2009Ming-Feng Hsieh The authors investigate pricing and demand issues for four fresh potato categories (russet, red, white, and minor colored), organic fresh potatoes, and two processed potato categories (frozen/refrigerated and dehydrated) using a nonlinear generalized almost ideal demand system (GAIDS) that is closed under unit scaling (CUUS). The model used regionally aggregated at-home consumption data from 2000 to 2005. Estimated uncompensated own price elasticities for fresh potatoes were highly significant and ranged between ,0.5 and ,1.6. The study was designed to capture the effects of the aggregate organic market on the prices, expenditures, and demand for each potato category. Organic food market penetration elasticities suggest that specialty potatoes (organic and minor-colored) are particularly well positioned if demands for organic products continue to rise, red potatoes are not well positioned and evidence of the early warning signs of slippage in market share for white and russet potatoes may exist. Producers and promoters of conventional potato products should account for the increasingly important role of organic products in making decisions. As an auxiliary exercise, we also statistically sourced the variance of the organic potato price premium relative to the other four fresh potato prices. At the present time, the variability of the organic potato premium is not much affected by production costs or other supply-related factors: the premium variability was driven largely by demand, and demographic/seasonal factors. Producers should be cautious about shifting to organic potato production until lower cost practices emerge. [JEL Codes: D120, Q130, Q180]. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Valuing food-borne risks using time-series data: The case of E. coli O157:H7 and BSE crises in JapanAGRIBUSINESS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, Issue 2 2006Shunji Oniki This study evaluates changes in consumers' concerns on food safety after the outbreaks of E. coli O157 and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in Japan using household consumption time-series data. A food demand system for Japanese households is estimated using the linear approximate almost-ideal demand system (AIDS) model to evaluate the willingness to accept (WTA) compensation for risk. The Kalman filtering method is applied to produce estimates without a priori assumption regarding timing of the changes. The WTA value rises immediately after a food safety crisis occurs and declines in a short time. However, it does not return to previous levels for an extended period. A possible explanation for remaining effects of a crisis might be that they are the results of habit formation and learning effects of consumption. [EconLit citations: D12, D18, Q13]. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Agribusiness 22: 219,232, 2006. [source] Demand for nonalcoholic beverages: The case of low-income householdsAGRIBUSINESS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, Issue 3 2004Steven T. Yen Household beverage consumption is investigated using data from the National Food Stamp Program Survey conducted in the United States. A censored Translog demand system is estimated with the full-information maximum-likelihood procedure. All own-price effects are negative and significant, and whole milk, reduced-fat milk, juice, coffee, and tea are found to be net substitutes for soft drink. Thus, prices provide a partial answer to the declining consumption of milk and rising consumption of soft drink. Nutrition information and dietary beliefs also play important roles, highlighting the importance of an effective nutrition education program directed toward the low-income households. [JEL citation: C34 (Truncated and Censored Models), D12 (Consumer Economics: Empirical), Q18 (Agricultural Policy; Food Policy).] © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Agribusiness 20: 309,321, 2004. [source] An error corrected almost ideal demand system for major cereals in KenyaAGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, Issue 1 2010Jonathan M. Nzuma Error correction model; AIDS; Cereal consumption; Kenya Abstract Despite significant progress in theory and empirical methods, the analysis of food consumption patterns in developing countries, particularly those in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), has received very limited attention. An attempt is made in this article to estimate an Error Corrected Almost Ideal Demand System for four major cereals consumed in Kenya employing annual data from 1963 to 2005. This demand system performs well on both theoretical and empirical grounds. The symmetry and homogeneity conditions are supported by the data and the,Le Chatelier,principle holds. Empirically, all own-price elasticities are negative and significant at 5% level and irrespective of the time horizon, maize, wheat, rice, and sorghum may be considered as necessities in Kenya. While the expenditure elasticities of all four cereals are positive, they are inelastic both in the short run and in the long run. Finally, wheat and rice complement maize consumption in Kenya while sorghum acts as a substitute. Since cereal consumers have price and income inelastic responses, a combination of income and price-oriented policies could improve cereal consumption in Kenya. [source] An assessment of the current structure of food demand in urban ChinaAGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, Issue 1 2006Brian W. Gould China; Food demand system; QUAIDS; Fractional logit Abstract We evaluate the current structure of food demand in urban China by using household expenditure survey data from five provinces. Two complementary analyses are undertaken. First, an aggregate analysis based on a fractional logit model is used to examine how households allocate food expenditures across the food-at-home (FAH) and food-away-from-home (FAFH) categories. This is followed by a disaggregated analysis of how households allocated their FAH expenditures across 12 commodity categories. A Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) is used. We find evidence of significant food purchase substitution and complementarity. [source] Lithuania's food demand during economic transitionAGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, Issue 1 2000Ferdaus Hossain Abstract The linear approximate version of the almost ideal demand system (LA-AIDS) model is estimated using data from the Lithuanian household budget survey (HBS) covering the period from July 1992 to December 1994. Price and real expenditure elasticities for 12 food groups were estimated based on the estimated coefficients of the model. Very little or nothing is known about the demand parameters of Lithuania and other former socialist countries, so the results are of intrinsic interest. Estimated expenditure elasticities were positive and statistically significant for all food groups, while all own-price elasticities were negative and statistically significant, except for that of eggs which was insignificant. Results suggest that Lithuanian household consumption did respond to price and real income changes during their transition to a market-oriented economy. [source] An error correction almost ideal demand system for meat in GreeceAGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, Issue 1 2000G. Karagiannis Abstract This paper represents a dynamic specification of the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) based on recent developments on cointegration techniques and error correction models. Based on Greek meat consumption data over the period 1958,1993, it was found that the proposed formulation performs well on both theoretical and statistical grounds, as the theoretical properties of homogeneity and symmetry are supported by the data and the LeChatelier principle holds. Regardless of the time horizon, beef and chicken may be considered as luxuries while mutton-lamb and pork as necessities. In the short-run, beef was found to have price elastic demand, pork an almost unitary elasticity, whereas mutton-lamb, chicken and sausages had inelastic demands; in the long-run, beef, and pork were found to have a demand elasticity greater than one, whereas mutton-lamb, chicken, and sausages still had inelastic demands. All meat items are found to be substitutes to each other except chicken and mutton-lamb, and pork and chicken. [source] Characterizing Pareto Improvements in an Interdependent Demand SystemJOURNAL OF PUBLIC ECONOMIC THEORY, Issue 3 2004Peter Kooreman Interdependent preferences generally imply Pareto inefficiency. For a general demand system, we provide a characterization of Pareto improvements. For a prominent parametric specification, the Linear Expenditure System, we characterize in detail the welfare loss associated with interdependent preferences. Using an estimated empirical model of this kind, we calculate the compensating variation corresponding to the welfare loss. [source] Habits, Complementarities and Heterogeneity in Alcohol and Tobacco Demand: A Multivariate Dynamic Model,OXFORD BULLETIN OF ECONOMICS & STATISTICS, Issue 4 2010David Aristei Abstract In this paper we test the existence of forward-looking behaviour in a multivariate model for alcohol and tobacco consumption. The theoretical framework, based on a dynamic adjustment cost model with forward-looking behaviour, is enhanced to include the intertemporal interactions between the two goods. The analysis of the within-period preferences completes the intertemporal model, allowing to evaluate the static substitutability/complementarity relationships. The empirical strategy consists in a two-step estimation procedure. In a first stage, we obtain the parameters of the demand system, while in a second stage Euler equations are estimated. Results, based on a cohort data set constructed from a series of cross-sections of the Italian Household Budget Survey, reveal a significant complementarity relationship between alcohol and tobacco. Estimation of the Euler equations does not lead to rejection of the hypothesis of intertemporal dependence, providing evidence for a forward-looking behaviour in alcohol and tobacco consumption. Moreover, we find significant intertemporal interactions that support the adjustment cost setting in a multivariate model with rational expectations. [source] Calorie intake and income elasticities in EU countries: A convergence analysis using cointegration,PAPERS IN REGIONAL SCIENCE, Issue 2 2001Ana M. Angulo European food demand; calorie intake; cointegration; convergence Abstract. We want to determine here whether the trans-European consumer reacts to changes in total food consumption or changes in income equalise in the long run. Do total calorie intake elasticities and income elasticities converge in the long-run? A demand system is estimated for each European country. The proportional caloric intakes of the various food groups are analyzed as endogenous variables, and two exogenous variables (total calorie intake and income), are both defined in log terms. As all variables are I(1) and non-cointegrated, demand systems are specified in first differences. Finally, we use Johansen and Juselius's multivariate cointegration tests to test for the convergence of calorie intake and income elasticities. Empirical results indicate a very limited convergence between certain products and countries considered, suggesting that country idiosyncrasies still play an important role in consumer behavior. [source] DEMOGRAPHIC DEMAND SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATION TO EQUIVALENCE SCALES ESTIMATION AND INEQUALITY ANALYSIS: THE AUSTRALIAN EVIDENCEAUSTRALIAN ECONOMIC PAPERS, Issue 3 2010PAUL BLACKLOW This paper proposes and applies an alternative demographic procedure for extending a demand system to allow for the effect of household size and composition changes, along with price changes, on expenditure allocation. The demographic procedure is applied to two recent demand functional forms to obtain their estimable demographic extensions. The estimation on pooled time series of Australian Household Expenditure Surveys yields sensible and robust estimates of the equivalence scale, and of its variation with relative prices. Further evidence on the usefulness of this procedure is provided by using it to evaluate the nature and magnitude of the inequality bias of relative price changes in Australia over a period from the late 1980s to the early part of the new millennium. [source] Comparing the True Cost of Living Indices of Demographically Different HouseholdsBULLETIN OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH, Issue 1 2004Panayiota Lyssiotou D1 Abstract The comparison of true cost of living indices between demographically different households (relative equivalence scale) is argued to be sensitive to the way demographic characteristics enter demand analysis. In particular, parameters reflecting the cost of demographic characteristics at base prices, though themselves do not have welfare (equivalence scale) interpretation, can alter the benchmark from which demographically varying inflation effects are measured. The empirical analysis, based on a rank-3 demand system applied to UK individual household data, shows that the inflation adjustment of child benefits can vary with the way demographic costs at base period prices are specified. [source] Demand for Domestic and Imported Table Wine in British Columbia: A Source-differentiated Almost Ideal Demand System ApproachCANADIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, Issue 2 2004R. Carew The premium quality wine market in British Columbia has grown substantively over the past decade. However, few empirical studies exist to quantify how consumers have responded to these wines. This paper employs a source-differentiated almost ideal demand system (AIDS) model with time-varying parameters to estimate the demand for premium quality wines using scanner sales data from the British Columbia wine market. The empirical findings reveal that consumers' response to foreign-produced wines differs from that for wine produced locally. It is evident that the expenditure elasticities for British Columbia, European and Rest-of-the-World white wines are larger than those for red wines. The high expenditure elasticities associated with British Columbia white wines may suggest that these wines are associated with higher quality. We reject the hypotheses of block separability and product aggregation. There is no evidence of structural change from the tests employed in this paper. Le marché du vin de qualité supérieure a considérablement pris de l'expansion en Colombie-Britannique ces dix dernières années. Les auteurs utilisent un modèle à demande quasi idéale avec différenciation de la source et paramètres variant dans le temps pour estimer la demande de vin de qualité supérieure à partir des chiffres de vente sur le marché provincial. Les résultats empiriques indiquent que les consommateurs ne réagissent pas aux vins étrangers de la même façon qu'aux vins du cru. Les élasticités des dépenses sont manifestement plus nombreuses pour les vins blancs de la Colombie-Britannique, d'Europe et d'autres régions que pour les vins rouges. Les fortes élasticités liées aux vins blancs du cru laissent croire que ces derniers sont d'une grande qualité. Les auteurs rejettent l'hypothèse d'une séparabilité par bloc et de l'agrégation des produits. Les tests employés dans le cadre de cette recherche ne révèlent aucun changement structural. [source] A rational rank four demand systemJOURNAL OF APPLIED ECONOMETRICS, Issue 2 2003Arthur Lewbel Past parametric tests of demand system rank employed polynomial Engel curve systems. However, by Gorman's (1981) theorem, the maximum possible rank of a utility-derived polynomial demand system is three. The present paper proposes a class of demand systems that are utility derived, are close to polynomial, and have rank four. These systems nest rational polynomial demands, and so can be used to test ranks up to four. These systems are suitable for applications where high rank is likely, such as demand systems involving a large number of goods. A test of rank using this new class of systems is applied to UK consumer demand data. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Determining the causality between retail price and consumer demand in a linear function when demand-shift variables are missing but wholesale prices are availableAGRIBUSINESS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, Issue 2 2005W. Erno Kuiper A test procedure is proposed to test for the simultaneous nature of the relationship between price and quantity with respect to consumer demand of fresh products at the level of an individual retail chain. It is argued in the literature that, on the sector level, inverse demand systems in which quantities are exogenous and prices are the dependent variables are better able to describe consumer demand behavior in case of perishable products whose quantities may be treated as fully price inelastic in the short run. Nevertheless, applying our test procedure to six fresh vegetable products sold by a Dutch supermarket chain reveals that consumer demand for fresh products is better described by a simultaneous price,quantity relationship. [EconLit citations: C320, D420, Q110.] © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Agribusiness 21: 167,176, 2005. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||