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Demand Parameters (demand + parameter)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	60%

Selected Abstracts

Seismic demand sensitivity of reinforced concrete shear-wall building using FOSM method

EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, Issue 14 2005
Tae-Hyung Lee
Abstract The uncertainty in the seismic demand of a structure (referred to as the engineering demand parameter, EDP) needs to be properly characterized in performance-based earthquake engineering. Uncertainties in the ground motion and in structural properties are responsible for EDP uncertainty. In this study, sensitivity of EDPs to major uncertain variables is investigated using the first-order second-moment method for a case study building. This method is shown to be simple and efficient for estimating the sensitivity of seismic demand. The EDP uncertainty induced by each uncertain variable is used to determine which variables are most significant. Results show that the uncertainties in ground motion are more significant for global EDPs, namely peak roof acceleration and displacement, and maximum inter-storey drift ratio, than those in structural properties. Uncertainty in the intensity measure (IM) of ground motion is the dominant variable for uncertainties in local EDPs such as the curvature demand at critical cross-sections. Conditional sensitivity of global and local EDPs given IM is also estimated. It is observed that the combined effect of uncertainties in structural properties is more significant than uncertainty in ground motion profile at lower IM levels, while the opposite is true at higher IM levels. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Prediction of spatially distributed seismic demands in specific structures: Ground motion and structural response

EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, Issue 5 2010
Brendon A. Bradley
Abstract The efficacy of various ground motion intensity measures (IMs) in the prediction of spatially distributed seismic demands (engineering demand parameters, (EDPs)) within a structure is investigated. This has direct implications to building-specific seismic loss estimation, where the seismic demand on different components is dependent on the location of the component in the structure. Several common IMs are investigated in terms of their ability to predict the spatially distributed demands in a 10-storey office building, which is measured in terms of maximum interstorey drift ratios and maximum floor accelerations. It is found that the ability of an IM to efficiently predict a specific EDP depends on the similarity between the frequency range of the ground motion that controls the IM and that of the EDP. An IMs predictability has a direct effect on the median response demands for ground motions scaled to a specified probability of exceedance from a ground motion hazard curve. All of the IMs investigated were found to be insufficient with respect to at least one of magnitude, source-to-site distance, or epsilon when predicting all peak interstorey drifts and peak floor accelerations in a 10-storey reinforced concrete frame structure. Careful ground motion selection and/or seismic demand modification is therefore required to predict such a spatially distributed demands without significant bias. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Tourism demand response by residents of Latin American countries

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOURISM RESEARCH, Issue 1 2009
Manuel Vanegas Sr
Abstract A general-to-specific methodology was used to build international tourism demand models by residents from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela to Aruba. We seek to evaluate demand parameters, especially elasticity values, which were disaggregated on a country-to-country basis. We also aim to learn more about the structure and important variables and investigate the process of adjustment. The study has provided new and compelling evidence that, in the short run, residents in developing countries respond rationally and substantially to economic stimulus. The short-run income elasticity ranges from the low of 1.52 for Venezuela to the high of 2.34 for Argentina. These results indicate that Aruba will benefit differently from income increases in these four Latin American countries. The coefficients of the price variable had the expected negative signs, inelastic in the short-run for all countries but significant at the 5% level for Venezuela only. Any deliberate effort to expand tourist arrivals will require a much larger decline in prices than would be the case in the presence of short-run elastic response. The adjustment elasticity, being less than one, suggests that a period of more than one year is required for Latin American residents to fully adjust their tourism decisions in response to demand shocks. This study would seem to provide some useful information about international tourism demand from developing to developing countries that could form a very good and solid basis for analyses and policy action. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Estimating price and income elasticities in the presence of age-cohort effects

AGRIBUSINESS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, Issue 2 2006
Hiroshi Mori
Individual consumption of most food products varies by age, and in countries like Japan that have experienced drastic social and economic changes during the past several decades, it also differs from generation to generation. Unless proper measures are taken to account for these factors, estimates of demand elasticities could be severely biased. In this study, individual consumption of fresh fruit was derived from Japanese household data classified by age of household head for the years 1979,2001. Individual consumption was then decomposed by age, cohort, and period effects using Bayesian cohort analysis. Pure period effects thus determined were regressed against changes in price and income, to obtain less biased estimates for demand parameters than non- or partially age-compensated analysis. [Econlit citations: Q110]. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Agribusiness 22: 201,217, 2006. [source]

Lithuania's food demand during economic transition

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, Issue 1 2000
Ferdaus Hossain
Abstract The linear approximate version of the almost ideal demand system (LA-AIDS) model is estimated using data from the Lithuanian household budget survey (HBS) covering the period from July 1992 to December 1994. Price and real expenditure elasticities for 12 food groups were estimated based on the estimated coefficients of the model. Very little or nothing is known about the demand parameters of Lithuania and other former socialist countries, so the results are of intrinsic interest. Estimated expenditure elasticities were positive and statistically significant for all food groups, while all own-price elasticities were negative and statistically significant, except for that of eggs which was insignificant. Results suggest that Lithuanian household consumption did respond to price and real income changes during their transition to a market-oriented economy. [source]