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Demand Modelling (demand + modelling)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	83%

Selected Abstracts

AN EMPIRICAL SURVEY OF RESIDENTIAL WATER DEMAND MODELLING

JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC SURVEYS, Issue 5 2008
Andrew C. Worthington
Abstract The increased reliance on demand-side management policies as an urban water consumption management tool has stimulated considerable debate among economists, water utility managers, regulators, consumer interest groups and policymakers. In turn, this has fostered an increasing volume of literature aimed at providing best-practice estimates of price and income elasticities, quantifying the impact of non-price water restrictions and gauging the impact of non-discretionary environmental factors affecting residential water demand. This paper provides a synoptic survey of empirical residential water demand analyses conducted in the last 25 years. Both model specification and estimation and the outcomes of the analyses are discussed. [source]

Tourism demand modelling: some issues regarding unit roots, co-integration and diagnostic tests

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOURISM RESEARCH, Issue 5 2003
Paresh Kumar Narayan
Abstract This paper investigates the all important issue of diagnostic tests, including unit roots and cointegration, in the tourism demand modelling literature. The origins of this study lie in the apparent lack in the tourism economics literature of detail concerning the diagnostic test aspect. Study of this deficiency has suggested that previous literature on tourism demand modelling may be divided into two categories: the pre-1995 and post-1995 studies. It was found that the pre-1995 and some post-1995 studies have ignored unit root tests and co-integration and, hence, are vulnerable to the so-called ,spurious regression' problem. In highlighting the key diagnostic tests reported by post-1995 studies, this paper contends that there is no need to report the autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH) test, which is applicable only to financial market analysis where the dependent variable is return on an asset. More generally, heteroskedasticity is not seen as a problem in time-series data. However, the reporting of a greater than necessary range of diagnostic tests,,,some of which do not have any theoretical justification with regard to tourism demand analysis,,,does not diminish the precision of the results or the model. This paper should appeal to scholars involved in tourism demand modelling. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Go climb a mountain: an application of recreation demand modelling to rock climbing in Scotland

JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, Issue 1 2001
Nick Hanley
In this paper, we apply random utility modelling techniques to rock-climbing in Scotland. Attributes relevant to choices over rock-climbing sites were identified from focus groups with climbers, along with a categorisation of principal climbing areas. A survey of climbers yielded 267 responses, which were then used as the basis for modelling. We compare a standard multi-nominal logit model with a random parameters approach, and look at seasonal differences in behaviour, and at the implications of different treatments of travel time. The random utility models showed that most of the attributes selected were significant determinants of choice. Welfare estimates of changes in site attributes are presented, which are relevant to policy choices currently facing land managers. [source]

Aviation fuel demand modelling in OECD and developing countries: impacts of fuel efficiency

OPEC ENERGY REVIEW, Issue 1 2009
Mohammad Mazraati
On the quest for reducing the fuel consumption per passenger per flight for economical and environmental reasons, commercial aircraft manufacturers are implementing new strategies for optimising aircraft performance by using new lighter and stronger materials and enhancing engines' efficiencies in terms of fuel consumption and maintenance requirements. With the rising and falling of economies, whether in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries or other developing countries, the aviation industry has been affected by multiple factors such as passenger traffic, freight traffic, airport capacities and oil prices. Aircraft manufacturers have worked on improving the engine efficiency of their newly built airplanes (e.g. Airbus's A-380 and Boeing's B-787), and many airports in the world have increased the number of their runways to face the increasing demand for air traffic in the world. Aviation efficiency can also be achieved through better load management, which in return enables airliners to cope with higher oil prices or rising costs. Aviation fuel demand is modelled in OECD North America, Europe and Pacific regions and some selected developing countries. Price elasticities of fuel demand in all regions are low, while income elasticities are high. The elasticity of aviation fuel demand on passenger kilometre performed (PKP) is considerably low. One per cent increase in PKP leads to less than half a per cent increase in aviation fuel demand, confirming an ongoing fuel efficiency in aviation industry. [source]

Demand for information and communication technology-based services and regional economic development,

PAPERS IN REGIONAL SCIENCE, Issue 1 2003
Eduardo Anselmo de Castro
Information and communication technology; demand modelling; network externalities; regional economic convergence Abstract. The relationship between the uptake of Information and Communication Technology-based services (ICT) and regional economic development is examined here; we address in particular the idea that ICT will promote regional economic convergence. We argue that ICT can generate contradictory trends of regional convergence and divergence and that, under conditions of non-regulated market supply, the effects leading to divergence can be dominant. The approach is based on the development of a regional demand model, which is the combination of two sub models, one dealing with the effects of network externalities and the other based on the concept of potential demand for ICT. The main conclusion is that less populous, more peripheral and poorer regions with weaker existing social and economic networking will encounter problems of insufficient demand. This in turn will delay the launch of new services and slow the rate of uptake. Negative dynamic effects of low ICT use on economic performance will generate a vicious circle of cumulative disadvantage. [source]