Home  About us  Contact
 

Decades

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences33%
Humanities and Social Sciences16%
Life Sciences15%
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting9%
Earth and Environmental Science6%
Chemistry5%
Engineering3%
Psychology2%
6 Other Domains11%
Distribution within Medical Sciences
Dermatology6%
100 Other Subdomains88%

Kinds of Decades

  • by decade
  • coming decade
  • current decade
  • early decade
  • few decade
  • fifth decade
  • first decade
  • fourth decade
    		•
  • last decade
  • last several decade
  • lost decade
  • many decade
  • middle decade
  • new decade
  • next decade
  • one decade
    		•
  • past decade
  • past several decade
  • previous decade
  • recent decade
  • second decade
  • seventh decade
  • several decade
  • sixth decade
    		•
  • subsequent decade
  • third decade
  • three decade
  • two decade

    • Selected Abstracts

    Secular changes in stature and body mass index for Chinese youth in sixteen major cities, 1950s,2005

    AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY, Issue 5 2008
    Cheng-Ye Ji
    Evidence shows a secular trend in physical growth in China in recent years. We analyze the secular trend of stature and body mass index (BMI) for the period 1950s,2005 to provide biological evidence for policy-makers to identify measures for improving Chinese children's health. Data come from the historical records in 1950s and the successive cycles of the Chinese National Survey on Student's Constitution and Health. Subjects were 7- to 18-year-old youth from 16 cities. Sex,age differences in mean stature and BMI values between the surveys were analyzed, and the increments per decade were compared. An overall positive secular trend was found in 1950s,2005. Mean stature of the 18-year olds increased from 166.6 to 173.4 cm for males and from 155.8 to 161.2 cm for females, yielding rates of 1.3 and 1.1 cm/decade; the overall increments of BMI values were 2.6 for males and 1.8 for females, yielding rates of 0.8 and 0.6/decade, respectively. The most significant changes occurred during puberty. The overall positive secular trend is closely associated with the socioeconomic progress and the improvement of livelihood. Strong evidence suggests that in China this trend will be continued for many years. Further studies are needed to explore how to ensure healthy changes for poorer rural youth. Effective preventive strategies and measures should be taken to prevent the progressive increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity accompanying this trend. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

    Trends in storminess over the Netherlands, 1962,2002

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY, Issue 10 2005
    A. Smits
    Abstract Trends in the annual number of independent wind events over the Netherlands are studied for the period 1962,2002. The events are selected out of 13 hourly 10 m wind speed records that are part of a high quality dataset of near-surface wind observations at Dutch meteorological stations. Comparisons are made with trends in independent wind events selected from geostrophic wind speed records and reanalysis data. The results for moderate wind events (that occur on average 10 times per year) and strong wind events (that occur on average twice a year) indicate a decrease in storminess over the Netherlands between 5 and 10%/decade. This result is inconsistent with National Centers for Environmental Prediction,National Center for Atmospheric Research or European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis data, which suggest increased storminess during the same 41 year period. Possible explanations are given for the discrepancy between the trends in storminess based on station data and the trends in storminess based on reanalysis data. Evaluation of trends in geostrophic wind, both from station data and reanalysis data, and evaluation of trends in vector-averaged (upscaled) 10 m wind over the Netherlands point towards inhomogeneities in the reanalysis data as the main cause of the discrepancy. We conclude that it is likely that the decrease in storminess observed in Dutch station records of near-surface wind in the past four decades is closer to reality than the increase suggested by the reanalysis data. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society. [source]

    INFLATION TARGETING AND THE ECONOMY: LESSONS FROM CANADA'S FIRST DECADE

    CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC POLICY, Issue 1 2001
    C Freedman
    Inflation targeting has become the centerpiece of the monetary policy framework in a number of industrial countries and emerging economies. The first part of this article examines the Canadian experience with inflation targeting since its introduction in early 1991 and various issues that require resolution in establishing such a framework. It also examines the way inflation targets deal with demand, price, and productivity shocks. The second part focuses on Canada's economic performance during the 1990s. Factors other than monetary policy - most notably private sector restructuring and the fiscal situation in the first half of the decade - played an important role in the sluggishness of the recovery from the recession of 1990,91. Trend growth in Canada during the 1990s was lower than in earlier periods and than U.S. trend growth over the same period. The article examines the role of such factors as productivity growth and participation rates in explaining the differences. I conclude that a good monetary policy is necessary but not sufficient for good economic outcomes. [source]

    CONTRACEPTION AND CONTRACTIONS: A DIVERGENT DECADE FOLLOWING JOHNSON CONTROLS

    AMERICAN BUSINESS LAW JOURNAL, Issue 1 2003
    Julie Manning Magid
    [source]

    WHY DID JAPAN'S TFP GROWTH SLOW DOWN IN THE LOST DECADE?

    THE JAPANESE ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 2 2006
    AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS BASED ON FIRM-LEVEL DATA OF MANUFACTURING FIRMS
    This study analyses the cause of the slowdown in Japan's TFP growth during the 1990s. Many preceding studies, examining the issue at the macro- or industry-level, have found that the slowdown was primarily due to the stagnation in TFP growth in the manufacturing sector. Using firm level panel data covering the entire sector, we investigate the causes of the TFP slowdown and find that the reallocation of resources from less efficient to more efficient firms was very slow and limited. This "low metabolism" seems to be an important cause for the slowdown in Japan's TFP growth. [source]

    MONETARY POLICY DURING JAPAN'S LOST DECADE,

    THE JAPANESE ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 2 2006
    R. ANTON BRAUN
    We develop a quantitative costly price adjustment model with capital formation for the Japanese economy. The model respects the zero interest rate bound and is calibrated to reproduce the nominal and real facts from the 1990s. We use the model to investigate the properties of alternative monetary policies during this period. The setting of the long-run nominal interest rate in a Taylor rule is much more important for avoiding the zero bound than the setting of the reaction coefficients. A long-run interest rate target of 2.3% during the 1990s avoids the zero bound and enhances welfare. [source]

    A WELFARE COST OF THE LOST DECADE IN JAPAN

    AUSTRALIAN ECONOMIC PAPERS, Issue 1 2010
    TATSUYOSHI MIYAKOSHI
    This paper measures the welfare cost of the Japanese economy in a ,lost decade' from 1990 to 2002, by using panels of different consumer groups. The paper finds that the costs for consumers in the lower and middle income quintiles and in urban districts are much higher, while there exists a benefit for consumers in rural districts. We suggest that such cost disparities express the business slump related to districts and income quintile group with high costs. Also, there exist consumers feeling this stagnation to be low-cost and the seriousness of stagnation is not recognised unanimously. [source]

    RAMPING UP AFRICAN GROWTH: LESSONS FROM FIVE DECADES OF GROWTH EXPERIENCE

    ECONOMIC AFFAIRS, Issue 4 2006
    Benno J. Ndulu
    Since the 1960s economic growth rates have been far lower in sub-Saharan Africa than in other developing regions. This poor performance has resulted primarily from endemic rent-seeking and the over-regulation of markets. To achieve high growth rates, African countries must improve the investment climate by reforming institutions, enhancing infrastructure and protecting property rights. [source]

    CHASING MOBY-DICK ACROSS PAPER AND CANVAS: FIVE DECADES OF FREE-FLOATING LITERARY ART

    LEVIATHAN, Issue 2 2001
    Robert K. Wallace
    [source]

    LESSONS FROM THREE DECADES OF GREEN REVOLUTION IN THE PHILIPPINES

    THE DEVELOPING ECONOMIES, Issue 2 2006
    Jonna P. ESTUDILLO
    O13; O33; O53 The purpose of the current paper is to assess the changing contributions of successive generations of modern varieties of rice (MV) to yield increase and stability and the changes in total factor productivity (TFP) in irrigated, rainfed, and upland ecosystems in the Philippines. We found that the yield increase in irrigated ecosystem has been by far the highest, which can be attributed to the diffusion of pest- and disease-resistant MV. The contribution of MV to yield increase in the rainfed ecosystem has been less significant, but much more compared with that of upland ecosystem. The rainfed and upland ecosystems have experienced an upward trend in yield, albeit slowly, because of the diffusion of improved traditional varieties and MV suitable to adverse production environments. The contribution of MV cum irrigation has accounted for approximately 50% of the growth of TFP in Central Luzon. [source]

    A 71-YEAR-OLD MALE WITH 4 DECADES OF SYMPTOMS REFERABLE TO BOTH CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

    BRAIN PATHOLOGY, Issue 4 2005
    Dianna Quan MD
    First page of article [source]

    Happy New Decade, CHF: Withstanding the Test of Time

    CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, Issue 1 2004
    John Strobeck MD
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    Conservation Status as a Biodiversity Trend Indicator: Recommendations from a Decade of Listing Species at Risk in British Columbia

    CONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Issue 4 2005
    JAMES F. QUAYLE
    especies amenazadas; especies en peligro; estado del ambiente Abstract:,Species conservation status is commonly used as a broad-scale indicator of the state of biological diversity. To learn about its value for tracking trends, we examined provincial lists of terrestrial vertebrate species and subspecies at risk in British Columbia, Canada, for 1992 and 2002 to see whether changes in these lists reflected changes in the status of the taxa they represent. Examination of the case histories of individual species and subspecies showed that 65% of additions and deletions to the British Columbia Red List were the result of improvement in knowledge of species status, changes in assessment procedures, and refinements in taxonomy rather than actual changes in a species' status. Comparison to an alternate set of rank scores provided by NatureServe for taxa that appeared on both 1992 and 2002 British Columbia Red Lists revealed changes in status that were not reflected by movement from the list. Estimates of historical conservation status for species on the 1992 British Columbia Red List demonstrated ambiguity around the natural baseline with regard to tracking changes in list composition over time. We discourage the continued use of indicators based solely on conservation status as a means of tracking biodiversity. Instead we recommend advancing strategic indicators around species at risk based on long-term monitoring data, deliberate and explicitly stated baselines, and consistent methods of conservation ranking. Resumen:,El estatus de conservación de las especies comúnmente es utilizado como un indicador de escala amplia del estado de la diversidad biológica. En un esfuerzo por aprender sobre su valor para el seguimiento de tendencias, examinamos listas provinciales, para 1992 y 2002, de especies y subespecies de vertebrados terrestres en riesgo en Columbia Británica, Canadá, para ver si los cambios en estas listas reflejaban cambios en el estatus de los taxa que representan. El examen de la historia del caso de especies y subespecies individuales mostró que 65% de las adiciones y supresiones en la Lista Roja de Columbia Británica fueron el resultado de avances en el conocimiento del estatus de la especie, de cambios en los procedimientos de evaluación y de refinamientos en la taxonomía y no de cambios en el estatus de una especie. La comparación con un conjunto alternativo de valores de clasificación proporcionado por NatureServe para taxa que aparecieron tanto en la Lista Roja de Columbia Británica de 1992 como de 2002 reveló cambios en el estatus que no se reflejaron en movimientos en la lista. Estimaciones del estatus de conservación histórico de especies en la Lista Roja de Columbia Británica de 1992 demostraron ambigüedad alrededor de la línea de base natural en relación con el seguimiento de cambios en el tiempo en la composición de la lista. Desalentamos el uso continuo de indicadores basados solamente en el estatus de conservación como un medio para el seguimiento de biodiversidad. En cambio, recomendamos avanzar con indicadores estratégicos en torno a especies en riesgo con base en datos de monitoreo de largo plazo, en líneas básicas puestas de manifiesto deliberada y explícitamente y en métodos consistentes para la clasificación de la conservación. [source]

    Creative Leaders: A Decade of Contributions from Creativity and Innovation Management Journal

    CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION MANAGEMENT, Issue 1 2006
    Tudor Rickards
    The study reveals nine overlapping themes, within each of which leadership plays a part in the production of creative insights or innovative productivity. However, for many authors, leadership remains an implicit factor within their models of change. We suggest that leadership, creativity and innovation are knowledge systems which can be more closely integrated for improved theory and practice within communities of practice. [source]

    Texts, Tensions, Subtexts, and Implied Agendas: My Quest for Cultural Pluralism in a Decade of Writing

    CURRICULUM INQUIRY, Issue 2 2004
    Carola Conle
    ABSTRACT Scanning my own academic work to discover hidden agendas revealed underlying issues that seemed important in cultural pluralism. They included the need for recognition and for public spaces in culturally pluralistic environments where the experiences of individuals from very different background are listened to and valued. It was particularly interesting that such settings seemed to be highly conducive to inquiry. The differences among people's experiences intensified an implicit inquiry dynamic when narrative was the medium of choice rather than argumentative discussion. In those settings, as well as in the reexamination of my own writing, becoming clearer about what was only indirectly expressed earlier brought greater clarity about important issues. [source]

    Funding and Publishing Trends of Original Research by Emergency Medicine Investigators over the Past Decade

    ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 1 2006
    Robert H. Birkhahn MD
    Abstract Objectives: To update the profile of author-reported funding of reports of original research published since 1994 in the four U.S. peer-reviewed general emergency medicine (EM) journals. Methods: For the primary analysis, articles published in Academic Emergency Medicine, American Journal of Emergency Medicine, Annals of Emergency Medicine, and Journal of Emergency Medicine between 1994 and 2003 were reviewed by two emergency physicians trained in abstracting from the literature. Original research was identified; case reports, case series, abstracts, and meta-analysis were excluded. Articles were classified by author report of extramural funding as government (public), private nonprofit (foundation), for profit (industry), or multiple. Data are reported as percent per year per journal. A secondary analysis of MEDLINE was performed to identify publishing trends by EM investigators outside of these four journals over the same period. Results: The primary analysis identified 5,728 articles; 3,278 (57%) were considered original research, with 32% of these reporting extramural funding. In 1994, there were 292 articles with 28% funded (28% public, 43% foundation, 17% industry, and 12% multiple). By 2003, there were 358 articles with 36% funded (42% public, 30% foundation, 18% industry, and 10% multiple). There was a trend toward increased extramural funding in all four journals (p = 0.007), with an estimated growth of 3.6% (95% confidence interval = 1.0% to 6.3%) per year over the past decade. The primary review identified 48% of all articles published by EM investigators. Conclusions: Author-reported extramural funding rates for original research have increased in the EM literature over the past decade. Foundations have funded the largest number of studies, with public (government) sources increasing in 2003. [source]

    Has the Clinical Presentation and Clinician's Index of Suspicion of Cardiac Tamponade Changed Over the Past Decade?

    ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Issue 3 2008
    Sachin Gandhi M.D.
    It remains unclear whether advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology and improvements in cardiovascular imaging over the years have impacted the clinician's recognition of cardiac tamponade (CT). We sought to evaluate signs and symptoms of CT in a present-day population and compare it to a similar group from a decade prior. We performed a retrospective analysis of two cohorts of patients presenting to a tertiary hospital with CT, all of whom underwent pericardial drainage (PD). Group 1 (Gp1) included subjects presenting from 1988 to 1991 and Group 2 (Gp2) included subjects from 2002 to 2005. Fifty-five patients comprised each group, with an average age of 55 years. Seventy-one percent of patients in Gp1 had identifiable cardiovascular symptoms 1 week prior to presentation, compared to 33% in Gp2. Dyspnea was the most common symptom in both groups, and was less frequent in Gp2. Compared with Gp1, chest pain, cough, and lethargy were also less frequent in Gp2. One day prior to PD, tachypnea and pulsus paradoxus were detected more frequently in Gp1 compared to Gp2. Large, circumferential pericardial effusions were the most frequent echocardiographic findings in both groups and the most common etiology of CT was malignancy in Gp1and postoperative bleeding in Gp2. Thus, the recognition of symptoms and physical signs in patients presenting with CT has changed over the past decade, as has etiology of pericardial effusions. However, the diagnosis of CT still remains delayed, and the present data emphasize the need for a heightened index of suspicion for recognizing this hemodynamically-important process. [source]

    A Decade of Bismuth Electrodes in Modern Electroanalysis

    ELECTROANALYSIS, Issue 13 2010
    Article first published online: 28 JUN 2010
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    Evolution of Academic Emergency Medicine over a Decade (1991-2001)

    ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 10 2002
    E. John Gallagher MD
    Abstract Objective: To test the hypothesis that emergency medicine (EM) has made significant, quantifiable progress within U.S. academic medicine over the past ten years, 1991-2001. Methods: Baseline (7/1/1991) and comparison (7/1/2001) data sets contained all Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME)-accredited schools, Association of Academic Chairs of Emergency Medicine (AACEM)-recognized academic departments of EM, Residency Review Committee (RRC)-accredited EM residencies, and Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC)-designated academic medical centers. The increase over ten years in the two primary variables of academic departmental status, and EM residencies located at academic medical centers, was examined in the aggregate, then stratified by medical schools grouped by academic rank. Differences over time are expressed as simple proportions, bounded by 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Results: Between 1991 and 2001, the proportion of academic departments of EM at medical schools increased from 18% to 48% (95% CI for difference of 30%= 19% to 41%). The proportion of EM residencies at academic medical centers increased from 42% to 66% (95% CI for a difference of 24%= 11% to 36%). The largest increment of 37% (95% CI = 22% to 52%) in academic departments of EM, and of 36% (95% CI = 20% to 52%) in EM residencies located at academic medical centers, occurred within medical schools whose academic rank was above the median. Conclusions: A quantitatively and statistically significant increase in academic departments of EM within medical schools and EM residency programs at academic medical centers has occurred over the past decade. Half of all medical schools now have academic departments of EM, and two-thirds of academic medical centers house EM residency programs. This has taken place largely within institutions whose academic ranking places them among the top half of all U.S. medical schools. [source]

    A Decade of Advice for Women and Men in the Best-Selling Self-Help Literature

    FAMILY RELATIONS, Issue 2 2001
    Toni Schindler Zimmerman
    Many human service professionals use self-help books to supplement their services. A content analysis was conducted of the top 10 books on the New York Times best-seller list over 10 years (1988,1998) to determine the degree to which the books empower individuals to resist gender-based socialization messages. The four best-selling books contained advice for both genders to behave consistently with traditional gender socialization. Other books were generally empowering of women and men to resist these messages. [source]

    Financial Sector Development in Transition Economies: Lessons from the First Decade

    FINANCIAL MARKETS, INSTITUTIONS & INSTRUMENTS, Issue 1 2003
    John Bonin
    First page of article [source]

    Setting the Stage for the Second Decade of the Era of Patient Safety: Contributions by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and Grantees

    HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH, Issue 2p2 2009
    Lee H. Hilborne
    First page of article [source]

    A Decade of the Americans with Disabilities Act: Judicial Outcomes and Unresolved Problems*

    INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS, Issue 1 2003
    Barbara A. Lee
    A decade after its enactment, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) has not resulted in the substantial employment gains for individuals with disabilities that its proponents had predicted. It also has not resulted in many legal victories for disabled individuals who have challenged alleged discriminatory actions by their employers. This article briefly reviews literature on disability and work and summarizes the data on the employment of individuals with disabilities. It addresses litigation trends prior to several significant U.S. Supreme Court rulings the ADA made in 1999 and compares them with litigation trends following the issuance of these rulings. The article concludes that the law needs to be amended if it is to serve those individuals with disabilities who are capable of productive employment but whose impairments do not fit the judicially narrowed definition of disability in the ADA. [source]

    Decade of Behavior Distinguished Lecture: Development of physical aggression during infancy

    INFANT MENTAL HEALTH JOURNAL, Issue 5 2004
    Richard E. Tremblay
    Violence is a major public concern in our modern societies. To prevent this violence we need to understand how innocent children grow into violent adolescents and adults. It is generally believed that humans are most frequently physically aggressive during adolescence and early adulthood. With longitudinal studies of large samples of children from different countries that followed them from infancy to adulthood, scientists tried to discover at what age individuals learn how to physically aggress. These studies indicated that the peak age for physical aggression was not during early adulthood, adolescence, or even kindergarten, but rather between 24 and 42 months after birth. Although there are important individual differences in children's use of physical aggression, most of them will learn to use socially acceptable alternatives when angry or frustrated before they enter school. To prevent chronic physical aggression and its terrible consequences over the whole life course, modern societies should provide children with the optimal prenatal and postnatal environments. [source]

    Human Rights of Migrants: Challenges of the New Decade

    INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, Issue 6 2001
    Patrick A. Taran
    This review summarizes main trends, issues, debates, actors and initiatives regarding recognition and extension of protection of the human rights of migrants. Its premise is that the rule of law and universal notions of human rights are essential foundations for democratic society and social peace. Evidence demonstrates that violations of migrants' human rights are so widespread and commonplace that they are a defining feature of international migration today. About 150 million persons live outside their countries; in many States, legal application of human rights norms to non-citizens is inadequate or seriously deficient, especially regarding irregular migrants. Extensive hostility against, abuse of and violence towards migrants and other non-nationals has become much more visible worldwide in recent years. Research, documentation and analysis of the character and extent of problems and of effective remedies remain minimal. Resistance to recognition of migrants' rights is bound up in exploitation of migrants in marginal, low status, inadequately regulated or illegal sectors of economic activity. Unauthorized migrants are often treated as a reserve of flexible labour, outside the protection of labour safety, health, minimum wage and other standards, and easily deportable. Evidence on globalization points to worsening migration pressures in many parts of the world. Processes integral to globalization have intensified disruptive effects of modernization and capitalist development, contributing to economic insecurity and displacement for many. Extension of principles in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights culminated in the 1990 International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families. With little attention, progress in ratifications was very slow until two years ago. A global campaign revived attention; entry into force is likely in 2001. Comparative analysis notes that ILO migrant worker Conventions have generally achieved objectives but States have resisted adoption of any standards on treatment of non-nationals. A counter-offensive against human rights as universal, indivisible and inalienable underlies resistance to extension of human rights protection to migrants. A parallel trend is deliberate association of migration and migrants with criminality. Trafficking has emerged as a global theme contextualizing migration in a framework of combatting organized crime and criminality, subordinating human rights protections to control and anti-crime measures. Intergovernmental cooperation on migration "management" is expanding rapidly, with functioning regional intergovernmental consultative processes in all regions, generally focused on strengthening inter-state cooperation in controlling and preventing irregular migration through improved border controls, information sharing, return agreements and other measures. Efforts to defend human rights of migrants and combat xenophobia remain fragmented, limited in impact and starved of resources. Nonetheless, NGOs in all regions provide orientation, services and assistance to migrants, public education and advocating respect for migrants rights and dignity. Several international initiatives now highlight migrant protection concerns, notably the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights of Migrants, the Global Campaign promoting the 1990 UN Convention, UN General Assembly proclamation of International Migrants Day, the 2001 World Conference Against Racism and Xenophobia, anti-discrimination activity by ILO, and training by IOM. Suggestions to governments emphasize the need to define comprehensive, coordinated migration policy and practice based on economic, social and development concerns rather than reactive control measures to ensure beneficial migration, social harmony, and dignified treatment of nationals and non-nationals. NGOs, businesses, trade unions, and religious groups are urged to advocate respect for international standards, professionalize services and capacities, take leadership in opposing xenophobic behaviour, and join international initiatives. Need for increased attention to migrants rights initiatives and inter-agency cooperation by international organizations is also noted. [source]

    Boning Up for Health: The National Bone and Joint Decade,

    JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, Issue 10 2004
    Stephen I Katz MD
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    A Decade of Europe?

    JOURNAL OF LAW AND SOCIETY, Issue 2 2003
    Some Reflections on an Aspiration
    This article suggests that Europe faces four primary challenges today. The first relates to democracy, as all the anxieties about the ,democratic deficit' in Community are writ even larger in the Union. A second issue is that of liberal legalism. Lawyers have long presumed that the ,new' Europe has been integrated ,through' law. This article suggests that the role of law is of far less importance to the future of the Union. A third problem, perhaps the most pressing, relates to enlargement. Is the ,new' Europe fully prepared for the inevitable shock that will follow the much-vaunted ,big bang'? Finally, there is the overarching problem of a continuing lack of ethos, or public philosophy, underpinning public life in the ,new' Europe. [source]

    Reinvestigating Remarriage: Another Decade of Progress

    JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY, Issue 4 2000
    Marilyn Coleman
    The body of stepfamily research published this decade exceeded the entire output of the previous 90 years of the century. The complexity and quality of the scholarly work in this decade improved as well,better samples were obtained, methods were more sensitive to stepfamily complexity, longitudinal designs were more frequently employed, and other important methodological gains were made. Unfortunately, many unknowns regarding remarriages and stepfamilies remain. We present an overview of trends regarding topics, research methods, and theories; we critique research methods that have not been productive; and we identify scholarly advances. Finally, new conceptual, methodological, and theoretical directions for future scholarship on remarriages and stepfamilies are proposed. [source]

    Monetary Policy and the Lost Decade: Lessons from Japan

    JOURNAL OF MONEY, CREDIT AND BANKING, Issue 5 2010
    DANIEL LEIGH
    liquidity trap; deflation; monetary policy; Bayesian econometrics I investigate how monetary policy can avoid a deflationary slump when policy rates are near zero by studying interest rate policy during Japan's "Lost Decade." Estimation results suggest that the Bank of Japan's interest rate policy fits a conventional reaction function with an inflation target near 1%. The disapointing economic performance thus seems primarily due to adverse economic shocks rather than extraordinary policy errors. Also, counterfactual policy simulations suggest that simply raising the inflation target would not have substantially improved performance. However, price-level targeting or combining a higher inflation target with an aggressive output response would have achieved superior stabilization results. [source]

    Reflections on a Decade of Outcomes Management in Women's Services

    JOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC, GYNECOLOGIC & NEONATAL NURSING, Issue 1 2001
    CNAA, Susan Houston RN
    Outcomes management was theorized as a strategy for redesigning and continually enhancing interdisciplinary health care processes through the use of outcomes measurements. Regardless of the rapidly changing and oftentimes turbulent health care environment, this strategy successfully facilitated positive outcomes in one women's service for 10 years. Outcomes affected during these years included reduction in cost per case, length of stay, infant prematurity, and cesarean delivery rates. [source]