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Selected AbstractsA review of the use of moxidectin in horsesEQUINE VETERINARY EDUCATION, Issue 10 2008J. Schumacher Summary Moxidectin has broad-spectrum anti-nematodal and anti-arthropodal activities in the horse but is not effective against tapeworms or flukes. Moxidectin and ivermectin have the same efficacy against internal, adult parasites of horses. Moxidectin, however, is highly effective in eliminating encysted and hypobiotic larval stages of cyathostomins, whereas ivermectin is not. Treatment of horses with moxidectin results in an egg-reappearance period (ERP) of 15,24 weeks. Because of its long ERP, moxidectin is labelled to be used at 12 week intervals. Moxidectin may provide protection against infection by ingested cyathostomin larvae for 2,3 weeks after it is administered. The larvicidal activity of moxidectin has often been compared to that of fenbendazole administered at either 7.5 or 10 mg/kg bwt for 5 consecutive days. The efficacy of fenbendazole, when administered daily for 5 consecutive days at 7.5 or 10 mg/kg bwt, against all stages of cyathostomins is often less than that of moxidectin because resistance of cyathostomins to benzimidazoles is prevalent worldwide, and the 5 day course of fenbendazole does not overcome this resistance. There are now reports of resistance of ascarids to moxidectin. Overt resistance of cyathostomins and a shortened egg re-emergence period after treatment with moxidectin have been reported. Rapid removal of manure by natural fauna can significantly reduce larval nematode concentrations and thereby reduce intervals of anthelmintic treatment. Of the macrocyclic lactones, moxidectin has the least deleterious effect on faecal fauna. [source] Trancranial Doppler Monitoring of Response to Therapy for Meningovascular SyphilisJOURNAL OF NEUROIMAGING, Issue 1 2003Roger E. Kelley MD ABSTRACT Meningovascular syphilis is now quite uncommon, but there have been increasing reports in patients immunocompromised with human immunodeficiency virus. The response of syphilis affecting the central nervous system to antibiotic therapy remains a challenge. This is an even greater challenge in patients who have underlying compromise of the immune system. The authors present a 46-year-old male with recurrent stroke who was found to have cerebrospinal fluid compatible with syphilitic involvement of the central nervous system and a cerebral arteriogram, which revealed focal narrowing of the right middle cerebral artery. The baseline transcranial Doppler study demonstrated increased mean and peak flow velocity within the right middle cerebral artery. Despite a 10-day course of intravenous penicillin, with substantial improvement in the cerebrospinal fluid results, this flow velocity elevation persisted, in a remarkably consistent pattern, over a 4-month follow-up period. Thus, the involved vessel remained patent following treatment, but no clear resolution of the stenotic lesion was observed. [source] Effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on maturation of regenerate bone in a rabbit limb lengthening model,JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, Issue 1 2006Kenneth F. Taylor Abstract To study the effect of applying pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) during the consolidation phase of limb lengthening, a mid-tibial osteotomy was performed in 18 adult New Zealand White rabbits and an external fixator was applied anteromedially. Animals were randomly assigned to treatment and control groups. After a 7-day latency period, the tibiae were distracted 0.5 mm every 12 h for 10 days. The treatment group received a 20-day course of PEMF for 60 min daily, coinciding with initiation of the consolidation phase. The control group received sham PEMF. Radiographs were performed weekly after distraction. Animals were euthanized 3 weeks after the end of distraction. Radiographic analysis revealed no significant difference in regenerate callus area between treatment and control tibiae immediately after distraction, at 1 week, 2 weeks, or 3 weeks after distraction (,p,=,0.71, 0.22, 0.44, and 0.50, respectively). There was also no significant difference in percent callus mineralization (,p,=,0.96, 0.69, 0.99, and 0.99, respectively). There was no significant difference between groups with respect to structural stiffness (,p,=,0.80) or maximal torque to failure (,p,=,0.62). However, there was a significant positive difference in mineral apposition rate between groups during the interval 1,2 weeks post-distraction (,p,<,0.05). This difference was no longer evident by the interval 2,3 weeks post-distraction. While PEMF applied during the consolidation phase of limb lengthening did not appear to have a positive effect on bone regenerate, it increased osteoblastic activity in the cortical bone adjacent to the distraction site. Since the same PEMF signal was reported to be beneficial in the rabbit distraction osteogenesis when applied during distraction phase and consolidation phase, application of PEMF in the early phase may be more effective. Further work is necessary to determine optimal timing of the PEMF stimulation during distraction osteogenesis. © 2005 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res [source] Indirect Recognition of MHC Class I Allopeptides Accelerates Lung Allograft Rejection in Miniature SwineAMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 7 2005Tsuyoshi Shoji The role of indirect allorecognition in graft rejection is examined in two experiments using a swine lung transplantation model. First, two swine received class I mismatched grafts without immunosuppression; another two recipients were treated postoperatively with cyclosporine (CsA). These swine exhibited acute and chronic rejection, respectively. All four recipients developed T-cell reactivity to donor-derived class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) peptides. Second, six swine were immunized with synthetic donor-derived class I allopeptides prior to transplantation. Control groups consisted of nonimmunized recipients (n = 6) and recipients immunized with an irrelevant peptide (n = 3). These recipients all received a 12-day course of post-operative CsA. Swine immunized with allopeptides exhibited accelerated graft rejection, as compared to both control groups (p < 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively). Within the experimental group, the dominant histologic finding was acute rejection (AR). Obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) was seen in the graft with the longest survival. Both control groups showed a lesser degree of AR, with four out of six nonimmunized swine ultimately developing OB. These studies suggest that indirect allorecognition is operative during lung allograft rejection, and that pre-transplant sensitization to donor-derived MHC allopeptides can accelerate graft rejection. [source] Doxycycline-induced staining of permanent adult dentitionAUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 4 2005E. Ayaslioglu Abstract Background: Doxycycline is the most effective antibiotic for managing brucellosis. Although it is relatively free from side effects, complications involving the skin, nails and teeth may rarely be encountered. Methods: Four patients with brucellosis developed yellow-brown discolouration of teeth following a 30,45 day course of doxycycline therapy during summer at a dose of 200mg/day. Results: All four patients were diagnosed as having doxycycline-induced staining of the permanent dentition. In all cases, the staining completely resolved and the teeth recovered their original colour following abrasive dental cleaning. Conclusions: These observations indicate that the incidence of staining of the permanent dentition, as a complication of doxycycline, may be much higher than the literature indicates, especially if treatment is administered during summer months. Fortunately, this complication is reversible and does not require termination of doxycycline therapy. Complete resolution following abrasive cleaning may suggest that an extrinsic mechanism within the dental milieu may be involved in its pathogenesis. Strict avoidance of sunlight exposure during high-dose, long-term doxycycline therapy might prevent the development of this complication. [source] Rapid clearing of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis after administration of ciclosporinCLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY, Issue 8 2009V. Di Lernia Summary Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is a rare disorder, usually drug-induced, and is clinically characterized by widespread, non-follicular aseptic pustules. Although spontaneous resolution usually occurs once the causative drug has been withdrawn, more severe cases often require treatment with systemic corticosteroids. We report a 63-year-old woman who developed AGEP after a 30-day course of hydroxychloroquine. Extensive re-exacerbation of AGEP after an 18-day course of methylprednisolone led us to switch the treatment to oral ciclosporin with a prompt and satisfactory improvement. Ciclosporin has many inhibitory effects on the main cell population (T cells) involved in AGEP. In particular, a significant reduction in producton of interleukin-8 by T cells is a possible explanation of the rapid remission observed in this case. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of AGEP successfully treated with ciclosporin. [source] Clinical trial: maintenance intermittent therapy with rabeprazole 20 mg in patients with symptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux disease , a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized studyALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 9 2010R. FASS Aliment Pharmacol Ther,31, 950,960 Summary Background, Optimal long-term management of symptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (sGERD) patients has not been established. Aim, To determine the clinical value of maintenance intermittent treatment with rabeprazole 20 mg vs. placebo in patients with sGERD. Methods, This multicentre, US study enrolled patients with sGERD (,3-month history of GERD symptoms and ,4 days/week of heartburn during a 2-week placebo run-in) without oesophageal erosions. Patients with complete heartburn control after 4 weeks of open-label rabeprazole 20 mg daily treatment were randomized to 6-month, double-blind, maintenance intermittent treatment (7- to 14-day courses when heartburn recurred) with rabeprazole 20 mg or placebo. Results, The primary efficacy end point, mean percentage of heartburn-free days, was significantly greater with rabeprazole vs. placebo: 82.58% and 62.17% (ITT; P < 0.0001) [per protocol 86.74% rabeprazole vs. 74.93% placebo (P < 0.0254)]. Compared with placebo group, the rabeprazole group also experienced a significantly higher percentage of heartburn-free daytime (84.06% vs. 63.39%; P < 0.0001) and nighttime (95.41% vs. 90.25%; P = 0.0021) periods, had significantly fewer discontinuations because of insufficient heartburn control (6.3% vs. 36.3%; P < 0.0001) and took fewer antacid tablets daily (0.58 vs. 1.16; P = 0.0021). Conclusion, Intermittent use of rabeprazole may be an effective maintenance treatment strategy for patients with sGERD and warrants further investigation. This trial was registered with http://clinicaltrials.gov under the number NCT00165841. [source] | ||||||||||