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Daily Starting (daily + starting)
Selected AbstractsFlexible Daily Work Schedules in U.S. Jobs: Formal Introductions Needed?INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS, Issue 1 2009Article first published online: 9 DEC 200, LONNIE GOLDEN The incidence of flexible daily starting and ending times of work presumably reflects the various underlying motivations of employers to offer them either as a formal workplace program or on a more selective basis. Access to scheduling flexibility is greater for managerial and professional, long hours, private sector, salaried and nonunion jobs, and for parents and men. This advantage is gained primarily through means other than a formal flexi-time plan. Implementation of more formal programs would likely promote more equity in access. [source] Comparison of some live organisms and artificial diet as feed for Asian catfish Clarias macrocephalus (Günther) larvaeJOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY, Issue 5 2005A. D. Evangelista Summary Experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of five live organisms (Artemia, Brachionus calyciflorus, Chironomus plumosus, Moina macrocopa and Tubifex sp.) and an artificial diet (40% protein) in the larval rearing of Asian catfish Clarias macrocephalus. The larvae were fed three times daily starting at the onset of exogenous feeding. Results showed that the catfish larvae utilized the live organisms more efficiently than the artificial diet. The Tubifex -fed larvae consistently showed the highest growth rate. In trial 1, length increment (64.9 mm), weight gain (3192 mg) and specific growth rate (13.1%) after 8 weeks of feeding were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in catfish larvae given Tubifex than those in all other treatments. In trial 2, length increment after 4 weeks of feeding was highest in larvae fed Tubifex (22.9 mm) although it did not significantly differ from that of larvae given Moina (21.0 mm). However, weight gain of larvae fed Tubifex (253.0 mg) was significantly higher than that of larvae fed Moina (171.6 mg). The specific growth rate was highest for larvae fed Tubifex (15.0%) followed by larvae fed Artemia (14.5%), Moina (14.4%) and Chironomus (12.0%). Survival rates of the catfish larvae ranged from 9 to 39% after 8 weeks in trial 1 and from 26 to 83% after 4 weeks in trial 2. The present results suggest that Tubifex is an excellent food and a potential substitute for Artemia in the rearing of catfish larvae. [source] Ecabet sodium promotes the healing of trinitrobenzene-sulfonic-acid-induced ulceration by enhanced restitution of intestinal epithelial cellsJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 7 2010Tomohisa Takagi Abstract Background and Aims:, Ecabet sodium (ES) is a gastric mucosal protective and ulcer-healing agent. Recently enema therapy with ES was found to be effective for the treatment of human ulcerative colitis as well as experimental colitis in an animal model. Whereas ES possesses potential as a novel treatment for ulcerative colitis, its precise mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of ES in an experimental rat model of colitis, and evaluated the restitution of intestinal epithelial cells treated with ES in vitro. Methods:, Acute colitis was induced with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) in male Wistar rats. Rats received intrarectal treatment with ES daily starting on day 7 and were sacrificed on day 14 after the administration of TNBS. The distal colon was removed to evaluate various parameters of inflammation. Moreover, wound-healing assays were used to determine the enhanced restitution of rat intestinal epithelial (RIE) cells treated with ES. Results:, Intracolonic administration of ES accelerated TNBS-induced ulcer healing. Increases in the wet weight of the colon after TNBS administration were significantly inhibited by ES treatment. The wound assay revealed ES enhancement of the migration of RIE cells migration through the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Conclusion:, Daily administration of an ES enema promoted the healing of intestinal mucosal injury, in part by the enhanced restitution of intestinal epithelial cells via extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation. ES may thus represent a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. [source] In vivo anabolic effect of strontium on trabecular bone was associated with increased osteoblastogenesis of bone marrow stromal cells,JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, Issue 9 2010Songlin Peng Abstract In vitro studies have demonstrated that strontium (Sr) could increase osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). We investigated the in vivo effect of Sr on BMSCs. Thirty-six female rats were randomly divided into the following groups: sham operated and treated with either vehicle (Sham,+,Veh) or Sr compound (Sham,+,Sr) and ovariectomized and treated with either vehicle (OVX,+,Veh) or Sr compound (OVX,+,Sr). Vehicle and Sr were orally administrated daily starting immediately after the surgery and continuing for 12 weeks. The anabolic effect of Sr on trabecular bone was determined at the structural and tissue level by microCT and histomorphometry, respectively. Colony formation assays demonstrated that BMSCs exhibited higher osteogenic colony but lower adipogenic colony in Sr-treated versus Veh-treated OVX rats. The mRNA level of osteogenic genes was higher, while the mRNA level of adipogenic genes was lower in BMSCs from Sr-treated versus Veh-treated Sham and OVX rats. The effect of Sr on rat BMSCs was reproducible in human BMSCs. Taken together, this study suggests that the anabolic effect of Sr on normal or osteoporotic bones is associated with increased osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:1208,1214, 2010 [source] Comparison of rotifer Brachionus plicatilis as a choice of live feed with dry feed in rearing Coregonus lavaretus fryAQUACULTURE NUTRITION, Issue 2 2009H. MAHMOUDZADEH Abstract This experiment, designed for the first time in the Middle East region to sustain Coregonus lavaretus production, examined the efficacy of a live organism (Brachionus plicatilis), an artificial diet (48% crude protein) and a mixed feed for the first 3 month of rearing fry. Nine rearing cages were floated on the surface of a natural pond supplied with hyporheic-zone river water, each containing 150 numbers of white fish fry, where they were treated with each of the three diets in triplicates. The fry were fed eight times daily starting at the onset of exogenous feeding. Results showed that fry utilized live organisms more efficiently than the artificial and mixed diets. Rotifer-fed group consistently showed higher growth rate during the entire experiment. Length increment (29.6 mm), weight gain (572.3 mg) after 12 weeks of feeding were higher (P < 0.05) in this group. Also, their mean weekly specific growth rate (4.97% day,1) was the highest and feed conversion rate (2.97) was the lowest among all treatments. Survival rates of the fry declined from 75% to 61.4%, from 74.3 to 45.8% and from 72.7 to 54.5% for live feed, mixed diet and artificial diet, respectively. [source] | ||||||||||