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Daily Occupations (daily + occupation)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	100%

Selected Abstracts

The Tree Theme Method as an intervention in psychosocial occupational therapy: Client acceptability and outcomes

AUSTRALIAN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY JOURNAL, Issue 3 2009
A. Birgitta Gunnarsson
Background/aim:,The Tree Theme Method (TTM) is an intervention in which the client paints trees representing certain periods in his/her life. The intervention comprises five sessions, using trees as a starting point to tell one's life story. This study, which is part of an implementation project, aimed to examine the therapeutic alliance and client satisfaction, in relation to perceptions of everyday occupations and health-related factors, with clients going through a TTM intervention. Methods:,Nine occupational therapists recruited 35 clients, at general outpatient mental health care units, for the TTM intervention. Self-rating instruments, targeting therapeutic alliance (HAq-II), different aspects of daily occupations (Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, Satisfaction with Daily Occupations), health-related factors (Sense of Coherence measure, Mastery Scale, Symptom Checklist-90-R) and client satisfaction (Client Satisfaction Questionnaire), were administrated before and after the intervention. Results:,A good initial therapeutic alliance, experienced by both therapists and clients, was correlated to increased changes regarding occupational performance and self-mastery. According to the therapists' ratings, a good initial therapeutic alliance was correlated to increased sense of coherence and a decreased level of psychiatric symptoms. The results showed positive significant changes in occupational performance and health-related factors. High ratings of the therapeutic alliance by the therapists were also related to high client satisfaction. Conclusions:,The TTM seemed to function well in psychosocial occupational therapy, but there is a need for further implementation studies to deepen our understanding of the treatment process, comprising both technique and formation of the therapeutic alliance. [source]

Development of the Chinese language paediatric daily occupation scale in Taiwan

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2010
Jin-ling Lo
Abstract The aim of this study was to describe the development of the paediatric daily occupation scale (PDOS) that was validated with Taiwanese children aged from birth to 72 months. Item,scale correlation coefficient was also used to select items. The psychometric properties of PDOS were examined based on the results of 957 children who participated in the study. The Chinese child development inventory (CCDI) was used as a standard to examine the concurrent validity of PDOS on two different samples. The PDOS, completed by parents, contains 340 items with good internal consistency (Cronbach's , = 0.99), test,retest reliability (r = 0.99) and concurrent validity (r = 0.88 between PDOS and CCDI). The sensitivity of PDOS (83%) in detecting children with developmental problems was much higher than CCDI (33%). Because the PDOS is developed and examined on children from greater Taipei area, when using the PDOS with children from different socio-cultural environments, the results need to be interpreted cautiously. Further research of the PDOS to justify its use as a screening tool for early detecting of children with developmental problems is suggested. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Goal, intervention and outcome of occupational therapy in individuals with psychoses.

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2000
Content analysis through a chart review
Abstract The purpose of the study was to analyse the content of occupational therapy records documenting treatment for individuals with psychoses. A retrospective content analysis of occupational therapy records regarding treatment goals, interventions and outcome was undertaken using a coding scheme, the Template of Occupational Therapy (TOT). Twenty-five occupational therapists chosen at random contributed 64 occupational therapy records, generating 2992 statements. The patients' disorders and functional and activity limitations (n=1723) were comprehensively described. Ability to manage self-care and the home environment, and to engage in a daily occupation, emerged as the prominent treatment goals. The content of the occupational therapy interventions was characterized by descriptions of a wide range of activities, which were used as therapeutic resources. The occupational therapist had a client-centred approach, combining the use of the current activity with the use of herself/himself as a resource. A few statements in the records were interpreted as relating to outcomes of treatment for this patient group. Statements related to outcome were the patients' self-reports and how they were able to manage activities of daily living. This retrospective study was found to be a useful conceptual model for designing studies of evidence-based occupational therapy in mental health. Copyright © 2000 Whurr Publishers Ltd. [source]

New-immigrant women in urban Canada: insights into occupation and sociocultural context

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2007
Vanessa Martins
Abstract Recent statistics have shown that women from South Asia comprise one of the largest sub-groups of immigrants to enter Canada. The majority of this population has settled in the city of Toronto. As immigrants adapt to new physical, social, political, and economic environments in a new country, they are also subject to changes in occupational roles and expectations. Little research has been conducted with new immigrant women from South Asia from an occupational adjustment perspective in Canada. This qualitative study sought to understand the adjustment experiences of immigrant women from South Asia regarding the influence of a Canadian urban environment on their occupations. Twelve recently immigrated women from South Asia to Canada were interviewed about their experiences of living in the city of Toronto with respect to their adjustment to a new environment and engagement in new daily occupations. Using a modified grounded theory approach to analysis, results from the study revealed many challenges these women face and the major factors that aid in the adjustment process. A framework for understanding occupational adjustment in new immigrants is discussed with implications for occupational therapy theory and practice. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Client experiences in work rehabilitation in Sweden: a one-year follow-up study

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2007
Eva Wallstedt-Paulsson
Abstract This study, carried out in a work rehabilitation unit in Sweden, investigated how clients perceived their work experiences after a one-year follow up. A semi-structured interview was administered to 14 former clients and a content analysis was applied. Seven categories were derived from the results: ,Expectations of the rehabilitation process'; ,Social relationships'; ,Client influences on the rehabilitation process'; ,Occupations engaged in during the rehabilitation programme'; ,Perceived outcome'; ,Current occupations'; and ,Future aspirations'. The dominating expectations were to find a job, with an overall desire for change. The social relationships with the staff and other clients were of great importance. The positive outcome of the rehabilitation was described as feeling better or having new skills. The perceived negative outcome was that the rehabilitation programme had not turned out as the client expected. The clients reported varying daily occupations after the rehabilitation experience and a majority were contented and optimistic about their future. The main conclusions of the study are that when planning a work rehabilitation programme, efforts have to be made to examine clients' interests and skills, and to develop a dialogue between clients and staff. Further research is needed to evaluate the work rehabilitation experience from the clients' perspective. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons. Ltd. [source]

Engagement in occupations among men and women with schizophrenia

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2006
Ulrika Bejerholm
Abstract This study describes engagement in daily occupations of 10 women and 10 men with schizophrenia. A 24-hour diary of time use and interview were used and analysed by content analysis. Three levels of occupational engagement were identified; (1) mainly disengaged throughout the day, (2) disengaged during some part of the day, and (3) largely engaged in occupations during the day. Each level of occupational engagement was related to a daily rhythm and a sense of meaning. The results of the content analysis showed that levels of engagement ranged from performing mostly quiet activities, alone, with little sense of meaning, to engaging in meaningful occupations that involved social interactions. In general female participants preferred activities in their home environment while males preferred activities outside their home environment. Although this study was limited by geographic and cultural boundaries, as well by the sample size, the results showed that being diagnosed as having schizophrenia does not necessarily mean having an impoverished lifestyle. Thus, it is important for occupational therapists to identify these variations in engagement in order to have a realistic point of departure in the evaluation process and in forming a therapeutic alliance with the client. In future research, methods need to be developed that can gather extensive information on how occupational engagement is related to health and well-being in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Walking to school: incidental physical activity in the daily occupations of Australian children

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2004
Jenny Ziviani
Abstract Children's participation in physical activity is declining, and nowhere is this more apparent than in the incidental activity of walking to school. The aim of this pilot study was to examine the extent to which Australian children walked to and from primary school, and to survey parents to identify factors influencing this behaviour. Parents of 164 students in Grades 1,7 (mean age 9.1±2.02 years) from a primary school comprising 360 students responded to a questionnaire regarding psychosocial and environmental factors thought to influence the means by which their children went to and from school. Results indicated that parent perception of the importance of physical activity, parents' individual history of transport to school as well as distance from school were the most statistically significant factors determining children's involvement in walking to and from school. The results of this study highlight the attitudes and experiences of parents in determining the extent to which children are involved in non-motorized access to school. Also implicated are organizational policies about geographical school regions. While this study is limited to one school community, further study is recommended with others to better confirm findings by examining socioeconomic, geographic and policy variables. Occupational therapists are challenged to examine ways in which incidental physical activity can be increased in the lives of young children. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd. [source]