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Daily Events (daily + event)
Selected AbstractsThe 2005 Wellington influenza outbreak: syndromic surveillance of Wellington Hospital Emergency Department activity may have provided early warningAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 3 2009Melissa McLeod Abstract Objectives: To assess whether the Wellington Emergency Department (ED) Respiratory Syndromic Surveillance System may have provided early warning of the influenza outbreak in Wellington schools during 2005, and as a result might have provided the opportunity for an earlier or more effective public health response. Methods: All events of respiratory syndrome, as defined by selected ICD 10 codes, were extracted from Wellington Hospital ED for the dates 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2006, and analysed using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) surveillance program, Early Aberration Reporting System (EARS). Daily events were analysed for total counts and by lifecycle age group. Seven day moving averages of the numbers of events were also calculated. Results: This study indicated that the surveillance system may have provided early warning of a potential respiratory outbreak. Regular exceedance flags were generated nine days prior to the initial notification received by Regional Public Health (RPH). The surveillance system also provided information on the type of illness (respiratory), the groups affected (5-14 year olds), and the progression of the outbreak (peak, end). Conclusions: The surveillance system might have worked by providing early notification of the outbreak. This may have prompted RPH to earlier investigate the potential outbreak and may have led to an earlier response. Implications: Surveillance of Emergency Department activity may be useful for early public health response. [source] Meeting risk with resilience: high daily life reward experience preserves mental healthACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 2 2010N. Geschwind Geschwind N, Peeters F, Jacobs N, Delespaul P, Derom C, Thiery E, van Os J, Wichers M. Meeting risk with resilience: high daily life reward experience preserves mental health. Objective:, To examine prospectively whether high reward experience (the ability to generate positive affect boosts from pleasurable daily events) protects against affective symptoms and whether environmental or genetic risk factors moderate protective effects. Method:, At baseline, 498 female twins participated in an experience sampling study measuring reward experience in daily life. They also completed questionnaires on childhood adversity and recent stressful life events (SLE). Affective symptoms were measured at baseline and at four follow-ups using SCL-90 anxiety and depression subscales. Co-twin affective symptoms were used as indicators of genetic risk. Results:, Baseline reward experience did not predict follow-up affective symptoms, regardless of level of genetic risk. However, high reward experience was associated with reduced future affective symptoms after previous exposure to childhood adversity or recent SLE. Conclusion:, High daily life reward experience increases resilience after environmental adversity; modification of reward experience may constitute a novel area of therapeutic intervention. [source] Neural basis of timing and anticipatory behaviorsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, Issue 9 2009Michael C. Antle Abstract The ability to anticipate physiological needs and to predict the availability of desirable resources optimizes the likelihood of survival for an organism. The neural basis of the complex behaviors associated with anticipatory responses is now being delineated. Anticipation likely involves learning and memory, reward and punishment, memory and cognition, arousal and feedback associated with changes in internal and external state, homeostatic processes and timing mechanisms. While anticipation can occur on a variety of timescales (seconds to minutes to hours to days to a year), there have been great strides made towards understanding the neural basis timing of events in the circadian realm. Anticipation of daily events, such as scheduled access to food, may serve as a useful model for a more broadly based understanding the neurobiology of anticipation. In this review we examine the historical, conceptual and experimental approaches to understanding the neural basis of anticipation with a focus on anticipation of scheduled daily meals. We also introduce the key topics represented in the papers in this issue. These papers focused on food anticipation, to explore the state of the art in the studies of the neural basis of timing and anticipatory behaviors. [source] Trends in precipitation on the wettest days of the year across the contiguous USAINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY, Issue 15 2004Patrick J. Michaels Abstract Over the course of the 20th century, average annual precipitation for the contiguous USA has increased by nearly 10%. This increase has been described as being dominated by ,disproportionate' increases in extreme precipitation events. However, methodological constraints have confounded detailed interpretation of such results. Here, we briefly describe those limitations and re-evaluate the nature of the observed precipitation changes using a method that allows for a more accurate examination of changes in the proportion of precipitation delivered in extreme daily events. We focus our analysis only on the trends in precipitation on the 10 wettest days of the year and compare the trends observed on those days with the trend in overall precipitation. When averaged across the USA, we find that the precipitation trends on the 10 wettest days of the year are not significantly different from the trend in total overall precipitation. On a regional level, in the northeast and southeast there is some evidence that the rate of precipitation increase on the wettest days exceeds that of total precipitation, whereas in the rest of the country the precipitation on the wettest days is increasing at a rate less than the increase in total precipitation. Copyright © 2004 Royal Meteorological Society [source] Contribution of the largest events to suspended sediment transport across the USALAND DEGRADATION AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 2 2010J. C. Gonzalez-Hidalgo Abstract This work analyses the contribution of the largest events to suspended sediment transport on the continental scale. The analysis is based on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Suspended Sediment and Ancillary database. Data were obtained from 1314 catchments, comprising more than 2,500,000 daily events. The total number of days in the dataset amounts to 10,000 years. Catchments are of different sizes and belong to distinct climatic environments; they are distributed for the analysis according to USA hydrological divisions (HDs). The main objective of the research is to examine the effect of the n -largest event on the total suspended sediment load over recorded periods, and to discuss different behaviour between HDs. To accomplish this, the daily events at each catchment are ranked by magnitude, and then the percentage represented by the n -largest event (e.g. 3-largest, 5-largest, 10-largest, 15-largest, 20-largest, 25-largest) is calculated from the total accumulated load. Results indicate that suspended sediment transported by the 25-largest events represents on average more than 50,per cent of the total load. The California HD, mostly under Mediterranean climatic conditions, accounts for the highest percentage of sediment transport across conterminous USA, whatever n -largest daily events are selected. There, the 3-largest events contribute, on average, 38,per cent of the total sediment load, the 10-largest events represent 61,per cent and the 25-largest events produce more than 76,per cent of the total sediment transport. Overall, the contribution of largest daily events seems not to depend on the climatic conditions in small catchments (<100,km2) and, in addition, the percentage of suspended sediment increases over all HDs, while, at the same time, the catchment size decreases. Finally, we discuss differences between catchments across the USA, according to climatic and historical (i.e. land use) factors. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | |||||||||||||