Home  About us  Contact
 

Dynamic Setting (dynamic + setting)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting33%

Selected Abstracts

The dorsal neural tube: A dynamic setting for cell fate decisions

DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROBIOLOGY, Issue 12 2010
Shlomo Krispin
Abstract The dorsal neural tube first generates neural crest cells that exit the neural primordium following an epithelial-to-mesenchymal conversion to become sympathetic ganglia, Schwann cells, dorsal root sensory ganglia, and melanocytes of the skin. Following the end of crest emigration, the dorsal midline of the neural tube becomes the roof plate, a signaling center for the organization of dorsal neuronal cell types. Recent lineage analysis performed before the onset of crest delamination revealed that the dorsal tube is a highly dynamic region sequentially traversed by fate-restricted crest progenitors. Furthermore, prospective roof plate cells were shown to originate ventral to presumptive crest and to progressively relocate dorsalward to occupy their definitive midline position following crest delamination. These data raise important questions regarding the mechanisms of cell emigration in relation to fate acquisition, and suggest the possibility that spatial and/or temporal information in the dorsal neural tube determines initial segregation of neural crest cells into their derivatives. In addition, they emphasize the need to address what controls the end of neural crest production and consequent roof plate formation, a fundamental issue for understanding the separation between central and peripheral lineages during development of the nervous system. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 70: 796,812, 2010. [source]

Estimating a Dynamic Model of Household Choices in the Presence of Income Taxation

INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 3 2000
Holger Sieg
The purpose of the article is to study the incentive and distributional consequences of income taxation. The article analyzes tax changes in a dynamic setting. The framework is estimated under a set of different identifying assumptions using parametric, nonparametric, and semiparametric techniques. The empirical results focus on tax reforms in Germany in the 1980s. The article shows that these reforms did not significantly lower effective tax rates. The findings also suggest that estimated elasticities for male labor supply are small, ranging between 0.02 and 0.2. [source]

Time Consistency and Bureaucratic Budget Competition,

THE ECONOMIC JOURNAL, Issue 525 2008
Kai A. Konrad
High employment protection in the public sector results in strategic over-employment if government divisions compete for budgets in a dynamic setting. Bureaucrats who are interested in maximising their divisions' output employ excess labour, since this induces the sponsor to provide complementary inputs in the future. Restrictions on hiring decisions in the public sector can be regarded as provisions to reduce strategic hiring. We also provide evidence from a survey of decision makers in a public sector bureaucracy with very high employment protection. The results confirm that decision makers are aware of the strategic effects of their hiring decisions on budget allocation. [source]

Optimal combinational quota-share and excess-of-loss reinsurance policies in a dynamic setting

APPLIED STOCHASTIC MODELS IN BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY, Issue 1 2007
Xin Zhang
Abstract In this paper, we describe a large insurance company's surplus by a Brownian motion with positive drift, which is the approximation of a classical risk process. The problem of minimizing the probability of ruin by controlling the combinational quota-share and excess-of-loss reinsurance strategy is considered. We show that the optimal combinational reinsurance strategy must be the pure excess-of-loss reinsurance strategy. Moreover, we give an explicit solution for the optimal reinsurance strategy. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Implementing evidence-based nursing practice: a tale of two intrapartum nursing units

NURSING INQUIRY, Issue 4 2003
Jan Angus
ANGUS J, HODNETT E and O'BRIEN-PALLAS L. Nursing Inquiry 2003; 10: 218,228 Implementing evidence-based nursing practice: a tale of two intrapartum nursing units Despite concerns that the rise of evidence-based practice threatens to transform nursing practice into a performative exercise disciplined by scientific knowledge, others have found that scientific knowledge is by no means the preeminent source of knowledge within the dynamic settings of health-care. We argue that the contexts within which evidence-based innovations are implemented are as influential in the outcomes as the individual practitioners who attempt these changes. A focused ethnography was done in follow-up to an earlier trial that evaluated the effectiveness of a marketing strategy to encourage the adoption of evidence-based intrapartum nursing practice. Bourdieu's (1990, 1991) concepts of habitus, capital and social field were used in our refinement of the analysis of the ethnographic findings. Nursing leadership, interprofessional struggle with physicians, the characteristics of the community and the physical environment were prominent issues at all of the sites. Detailed descriptions of the sociohistorical context and of the experiences at two sites are presented to illustrate the complexities encountered when implementing innovations. [source]

Capturing Government Policy on the Left,Right Scale: Evidence from the United Kingdom, 1956,2006

POLITICAL STUDIES, Issue 4 2009
Armèn Hakhverdian
The left,right scheme is the most widely used and parsimonious representation of political competition. Yet, long time series of the left,right position of governments are sparse. Existing methods are of limited use in dynamic settings due to insufficient time points which hinders the proper specification of time-series regressions. This article analyses legislative speeches in order to construct an annual left,right policy variable for Britain from 1956 to 2006. Using a recently developed content analysis tool, known as Wordscores, it is shown that speeches yield valid and reliable estimates for the left,right position of British government policy. Long time series such as the one proposed in this article are vital to building dynamic macro-level models of politics. This measure is cross-validated with four independent sources: (1) it compares well to expert surveys; (2) a rightward trend is found in post-war British government policy; (3) Conservative governments are found to be more right wing in their policy outputs than Labour governments; (4) conventional accounts of British post-war politics support the pattern of government policy movement on the left,right scale. [source]