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Dynamic Light (dynamic + light)
Terms modified by Dynamic Light Selected AbstractsDynamic Light: The Media Facades of realities:unitedARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, Issue 1 2010Valentina Croci Abstract Valentina Croci reviews the recent work of realities:united, who first came into the spotlight in 2003 with their media facade for the Kunsthaus Graz. She highlights how recent projects, such as the Crystal Mesh for the Iluma Building in Singapore and the exterior of the C4 in Cordoba, Spain, transcend the notion of the digital facade as billboard. Lighting is dynamically applied, in order to enhance the three-dimensional experience of architecture rather than to flatten it. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Emulsion polymerization of styrene with amphiphilic random copolymer as surfactant: Predominant droplet nucleationJOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, Issue 6 2009Li Liu Abstract Amphiphilic random copolymer consisting of monomeric units of poly (butyl acrylate) and poly (maleic acid salt) was synthesized and characterized. The emulsion polymerization kinetics of styrene stabilized by this copolymer was investigated. The influencing factors, including polymeric surfactant concentration, initiator concentration and polymerization temperature, were systematically studied. The kinetic data show that the polymerization rate (RP) increased with the increase of the polymeric surfactant concentration ([S]) and polymerization temperature (T). At the higher [S], droplets nucleation and micelle nucleation coexisted in the polymerization system; at the lower [S], only the droplets nucleation process existed. The polymerization did not follow Smith-Ewart Case II kinetics. Dynamic light scatter and transmission electron microscope were utilized to measure the sizes and shapes of the particles, respectively. It would be speculated that a kind of large heterogeneous particles with multiple-active-sites was formed in the polymerization system. The increasing of RP with increasing initiator concentration ([KPS]) was rapid at a medium [KPS], but the slowly increasing was observed at a lower or higher [KPS]. It was attributed to the barrier effect of the polymeric surfactant around the monomer droplets. The polymerization activation energy was 60.29 kJ/mol. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009 [source] Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Novel Amphiphilic Six-Armed Star Copolymers TP[PDMAEMA -b- PSt]6MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, Issue 6 2009Kang Tao Abstract A triphenylene (TP)-based hexafunctional initiator was prepared and used in successive ATRP of DMAEMA and St. Well-defined six-armed star block copolymers TP[PDMAEMA -b- PSt]6 bearing hydrophilic backbones inside and hydrophobic blocks outside were successfully synthesized. The self-assembly behaviors of the novel amphiphilic copolymer were further investigated. Co-existing spherical and bowl-shaped aggregates were observed from their neutral aqueous solution, while large spherical structures with different dimensions were obtained from their diluted HCl and CF3COOH aqueous solution, respectively. Dynamic light scattering in different aqueous solutions were conducted to give further confirmation. The possible mechanism of the morphology formation was proposed. [source] Amphiphilic Iron(II) and Nickel(II) Complexes Based on Alkylated Diazaoxa- and TriazacyclononaneEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 7 2008David Domínguez-Gutiérrez Abstract It is known that including a metal into a micellar solution enhances both the colour and catalytic potential of such systems. This fact is well exemplified by the broad use of surfactant species as phase-transfer catalysts. In the present work, we report our studies concerning the aggregation properties of a series of iron and nickel-based triazacyclononane metalloamphiphiles. Upon multiple alkylation of the triazamacrocycle, we were able to obtain amphiphilic complexes that aggregate in toluene. We characterised the sizes and shapes of the aggregates by dynamic light scattering while their nature was assessed by atomic force microscopy.(© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008) [source] Do dendritic amphiphiles self-assemble in water?JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 7 2001A Fourier transform pulse-gradient spin-echo NMR study Abstract Amphiphilic poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers were synthesized having an average of 7,46 hydrophobic chains of varying lengths (C10,C14) attached to the periphery of 64 amine groups. The synthesis was performed in three steps: (1) protection of a desired number of amines with BOC groups; (2) reaction of the remaining amine groups with long-chain acid chlorides; and (3) deprotection from the BOC groups to produce the amphiphilic dendrimers as HCl salts. The behavior of the dendrimers in aqueous media was examined by pulse-gradient spin-echo (FT-PGSE) NMR and dynamic light scattering. Self-diffusion data on dendrimers with 22 or fewer chains, along with dynamic light scattering on concentrations of ,16 wt%, gave no indication of dendrimer,dendrimer self-assembly via hydrocarbon chains exposed on the dendrimer surface. It is concluded that dendrimers with 7,22 chains, each having 10,14 carbons, behave as unimolecular entities with chains coiled largely within the dendrimer periphery. Only when the number of chains becomes very large (ca ,34) are chains forced externally where they can promote hydrophobically induced self-assembly. Monomeric dendrimers possessing the full range of functional polarity have great potential in enzyme modeling. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Determination of Soot Particle Size in a Premixed Flame: a Static and Dynamic Light Scattering StudyPARTICLE & PARTICLE SYSTEMS CHARACTERIZATION, Issue 2 2003Gert Kroner Abstract In this contribution we report upon our static and dynamic light scattering experiments to characterize soot particles in flames. We studied sooting laminar premixed flame with acetylene as fuel mixed with air as oxidizer. The air equivalence ratio of the combustion was larger than one. We used a Kaskan type burner with circular geometry and a stabilizing flow of nitrogen around the flame. We focused on the determination of the size of the soot particles in the center of the flame as a function of height above burner. In addition we investigated the influence of the mixing ratio of the gases on the size of the particles. Our results show that static light scattering is better suited than dynamic light scattering for a fast and reliable characterization of soot particles in flames. The latter needs detailed a priori information about the flame to allow the unique determination of sizes from the diffusion measurements. The soot particles grow monotonously with height above burner and with decreasing air equivalence ratio. The aggregates have a fractal dimension lower than two. [source] |