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Cytoplasmic Markers (cytoplasmic + marker)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	50%
Life Sciences	50%

Selected Abstracts

Cell death in lens epithelial cells after stimulation of the sigma-2 receptor

ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2009
JO KARLSSON
Purpose The aim was to investigate the mechanisms of cell death in lens epithelial cells after administration of siramesine, a sigma-2 receptor agonist. Methods Human lens epithelial cells in culture were exposed to siramesine and examined for morphological changes using DIC or calcein as a cytoplasmic marker. Lysosomes were studied using acridine orange and MagicRed. Proteolytic activity of the proteasome, calpain, caspases and cathepsins in living cells or cell extracts were studied using different fluorogenic substrates. Results Siramesine at low concentrations increased the cytoplasmic proteolytic activity of the proteasome and the calpain system. Early effects was also observed with respect to lysosomal morphology, acidity and function. Activation of caspase-3 and the appearance of nuclei with an apoptotic morphology were also found. Conclusion Siramesine at very low concentrations affects lens epithelial cells with perturbation of the major proteolytic systems, lysosomal morphology and results in caspase activation and cell death. Siramesine may be a promising substance for clinical studies concerning the treatment of PCO. [source]

A COMPARISON OF FIVE HYBRID ZONES OF THE WETA HEMIDEINA THORACICA (ORTHOPTERA: ANOSTOSTOMATIDAE): DEGREE OF CYTOGENETIC DIFFERENTIATION FAILS TO PREDICT ZONE WIDTH

EVOLUTION, Issue 4 2003
Mary Morgan-Richards
Abstract Tension zones are maintained by the interaction between selection against hybrids and dispersal of individuals. Investigating multiple hybrid zones within a single species provides the opportunity to examine differences in zone structure on a background of differences in extrinsic factors (e.g., age of the zone, ecology) or intrinsic factors (e.g., chromosomes). The New Zealand tree weta Hemideina thoracica comprises at least eight distinct chromosomal races with diploid numbers ranging from 2n = 11 (XO) to 2n = 23 (XO). Five independent hybrid zones were located that involve races differing from one another by a variety of chromosomal rearrangements. The predicted negative correlation between extent of karyotypic differentiation (measured in terms of both percent of genome and number of rearrangements) and zone width was not found. Conversely, the widest zones were those characterized by two chromosome rearrangements involving up to 35% of the genome. The narrowest zone occurred where the two races differ by a single chromosome rearrangement involving approximately 2% of the genome. The five estimates of chromosomal cline width ranged from 0.5 km to 47 km. A comparative investigation of cline width for both chromosomal and mitochondrial markers revealed a complex pattern of zone characteristics. Three of the five zones in this study showed cline concordance for the nuclear and cytoplasmic markers, and at two of the zones the clines were also coincident. Zones with the widest chromosomal clines had the widest mitochondrial DNA clines. It appears that, even within a single species, the extent of karyotypic differentiation between pairs of races is not a good predictor of the level of disadvantage suffered by hybrids. [source]

Tracing back seed and pollen flow within the crop,wild Beta vulgaris complex: genetic distinctiveness vs. hot spots of hybridization over a regional scale

MOLECULAR ECOLOGY, Issue 6 2004
Frédérique Viard
Abstract Hybrids between transgenic crops and wild relatives have been documented successfully in a wide range of cultivated species, having implications on conservation and biosafety management. Nonetheless, the magnitude and frequency of hybridization in the wild is still an open question, in particular when considering several populations at the landscape level. The Beta vulgaris complex provides an excellent biological model to tackle this issue. Weed beets contaminating sugar beet fields are expected to act as a relay between wild populations and crops and from crops-to-crops. In one major European sugar beet production area, nine wild populations and 12 weed populations were genetically characterized using cytoplasmic markers specific to the cultivated lines and nuclear microsatellite loci. A tremendous overall genetic differentiation between neighbouring wild and weed populations was depicted. However, genetic admixture analyses at the individual level revealed clear evidence for gene flow between wild and weed populations. In particular, one wild population displayed a high magnitude of nuclear genetic admixture, reinforced by direct seed flow as evidenced by cytoplasmic markers. Altogether, weed beets were shown to act as relay for gene flow between crops to wild populations and crops to crops by pollen and seeds at a landscape level. [source]

Formalin fixation and immunoreactivity in prostate cancer and benign prostatic tissues

APMIS, Issue 5 2010
SARA JONMARKER JARAJ
Jaraj SJ, Egevad L. Formalin fixation and immunoreactivity in prostate cancer and benign prostatic tissue. APMIS 2010; 118: 383,8. For better fixation, formalin injection of radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens has been suggested. We aimed to assess its effect on immunoreactivity using immunohistochemistry (IHC). A tissue microarray of cancer and benign tissues from 42 RP specimens was constructed. Twenty-one of the prostates had been injected with formalin prior to formalin immersion. IHC staining was performed using 15 antibodies, including nuclear and cytoplasmic markers known to be positive in prostate tissue: pan cytokeratin, P504S, high molecular weight (HMW) keratin, PSA, vimentin, actin HHF35, thioredoxin-1, peroxiredoxin-2, PDX-1, BAX, p27, androgen receptor (AR) and heat shock proteins (HSP) 27, 60 and 70. Differences in staining intensity in cancer and benign tissues were compared separately except for HMW keratin. Only 7 of 29 analyses showed significant differences between groups, including 5 of 15 antibodies. The expression of AR and HSP 27 was stronger in formalin-injected tissue, while the opposite was true for HSP 60, HSP 70 and peroxiredoxin-2. For most antibodies, formalin injection does not significantly affect immunoreactivity in prostate tissue. The staining variability caused by inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity may be greater than that caused by the fixation method. [source]