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Cystic Carcinoma (cystic + carcinoma)
Kinds of Cystic Carcinoma Selected AbstractsAdenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Breast: A Review of a Single Institution's ExperienceTHE BREAST JOURNAL, Issue 2 2010Amod A. Sarnaik MD No abstract is available for this article. [source] Role for Postoperative Radiation Therapy in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Head and Neck,THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 7 2004Damon A. Silverman MD Objective: Clarify the role for postoperative radiation for adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the head and neck as it relates to tumor site, T-stage, and surgical margin status. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study at an academic tertiary care hospital. Methods: A review of 129 patients with biopsy-proven ACC was performed. Previous treatment failures and nonoperative candidates were excluded, with 75 patients considered eligible for further study. Patients were grouped according to treatment modality and Kaplan-Meier estimates of overall survival, locoregional control, and distant control were compared using log-rank tests. Patients were also stratified according to tumor site, T-stage, and surgical margin status, and pair-wise comparisons of treatment outcome within each group were performed using Wald tests from Cox proportional hazards models. Results: Twenty-five patients were treated with surgery alone, and 50 were treated with surgery and postoperative radiation. There was no significant difference in outcome between treatment groups when correlated with tumor site (P = .89). However, postoperative radiation was associated with improved overall survival for advanced T-stage (T4) tumors (P = .019) and greater locoregional control for patients with microscopically positive margins (P = .018). There was no demonstrated benefit of postoperative radiation for patients with microscopically negative margins (P = .93). Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that advanced T-stage and positive microscopic margins are important factors in determining the necessity for postoperative radiation therapy for ACC of the head and neck and that radiation therapy may not be necessary for patients with early T-stage tumors and negative surgical margins. [source] Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule Expression in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Head and Neck,THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 6 2000James A. Hutcheson MD Abstract Objective To investigate whether there is a correlation between neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) expression and perineural spread in patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck (ACCHN). Study Design Retrospective review of medical records and immunohistochemical staining of specimens from 37 patients treated at the University of Arkansas in Little Rock from 1987 to 1997. Methods Sections from paraffin-embedded specimens were e-amined for the presence of NCAM using monoclonal anti-NCAM antibody by avidin-biotin-pero-idase immunohistochemical staining. NCAM staining was scored in each specimen and correlated with the data obtained from patient charts. Results Twenty-five of 37 specimens (68%) showed histopathological evidence of perineural spread. All 37 specimens (100%) stained positive for NCAM, regardless of perineural spread status. Conclusion Our results suggested that the use of NCAM expression as a predictor of perineural spread is highly unlikely. [source] Pleomorphic adenoma: Cytologic variations and potential diagnostic pitfallsDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 1 2009Uma Handa M.D. Abstract The diverse morphological features encountered in pleomorphic adenoma (PA) may cause diagnostic errors in fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The present study was performed to evaluate the variations in the cytological features of pleomorphic adenoma and to assess the efficacy of FNAC in its diagnosis. Fifty cases diagnosed as PA on FNAC were retrieved from the records of the Pathology Department. Cytologic smears and sections were reviewed and the cytologic diagnoses were compared with the definitive histologic diagnoses. In cases correctly diagnosed on aspiration, morphological variables like patterns of the epithelial component, type and extent of the mesenchymal matrix, metaplastic cells, hyaline globules, cystic change, giant cells, crystalline deposits, nuclear inclusions/grooves, and nuclear atypia were evaluated. The extreme diversity in morphologic features seen in histologic sections was reflected in the smears of PA. Metaplastic changes were observed more frequently in sections, while nuclear changes like inclusions/grooves were more commonly seen in smears. Other morphological features like cylindromatous pattern, giant cells and crystalline deposits were observed with equal frequency in smears and sections. Cytohistologic agreement was present in 45 of the 50 cases (90%). In 5 cases diagnosed as pleomorphic adenoma on FNAC, the histology revealed 1 case each of schwannoma, perineurioma, ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor of tongue, adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. FNAC is a fairly accurate pre-operative procedure for the diagnosis of PA. The cytopathologist needs to be aware of the cytologic variations in pleomorphic adenoma so as to avoid diagnostic errors. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Pericardial effusion as primary manifestation of metastatic cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma: Diagnostic cytopathology from an exfoliative sampleDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 5 2008Maxime Benchetritt M.D. Abstract Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) occurs not only as a tumor of salivary glands, but also in very unusual locations, such as in the skin. Only very few cases of primary cutaneous of ACC have metastasized to the lymph nodes and lungs. We present a 53-year-old man with metastasis of the pericardium from a primary cutaneous ACC (PCACC) of the scalp, which had been surgically treated 14 years ago. Exfoliative cytologic findings from pericardial effusion included small clusters of basaloid cells with occasional cystlike spaces containing mucoid material. To our knowledge, this is the first case of pericardial metastasis from a PCACC. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:351,354. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration diagnosis of metastatic sex cord tumor with annular tubules: A case reportDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 8 2006Lori J. Ryan M.D. Abstract The cytologic findings of a paratracheal metastasis from a malignant sex cord tumor with annular tubules (SCTATs) diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration are described. Cytologic features of SCTATs include the presence of highly cellular aspirates forming simple and complex rosette-like structures around central rounded hyaline material, small nucleoli, and prominent nuclear grooves. These cytologic findings are clearly distinct from the poorly formed rosette-like structures of granulosa-cell tumors and are reminiscent of the low-power appearance of the cribriform variant of adenoid cystic carcinoma. The fine needle aspiration cytologic features of only two other cases have been previously described and, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case reporting the cytologic diagnosis of a distant metastasis of a SCTATs by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration. In this case, the distinctive and characteristic cytologic features have allowed the proper diagnosis of a distant metastasis of SCTATs. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2006;34:576,579. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast diagnosed by fine-needle aspirationDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 4 2004Anjali Saqi M.D. Abstract Fine-needle aspiration cytology remains a useful tool for preoperative diagnosis of breast lesions. We describe a case of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the breast detected by ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA). Subsequent histopathology corroborated the diagnosis. ACC is a rare but distinctive neoplasm of the breast that can be accurately diagnosed by FNA. Its infrequent presentation, favorable prognosis, and relatively conservative management in the breast prompt us to reinforce its features. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;30:271,274. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Primary cancer of the sphenoid sinus,A GETTEC study,HEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 3 2009Pierre Olivier Vedrine MD Abstract Background. Primary involvement of the sphenoid sinus occurs in 2% of all paranasal sinus tumors and is associated with dismal prognosis. Optimal management remains debatable. Methods. A total of 23 patients were treated for a primary cancer of the sphenoid sinus from 1988 to 2004. Charts were reviewed for patient-, tumor-, and treatment-related parameters. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify prognostic factors for locoregional control and survival. Results. Cranial neuropathies were present in 12 patients. Pathologic findings included adenoid cystic carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma, sarcoma, neuroendocrine carcinoma, melanoma, and malignant hemangiopericytoma. All but 2 patients had stages III to IV cancer. Radiotherapy was performed in 18 patients and chemotherapy in 12. Of 10 patients undergoing surgery, total excision with grossly negative margins was achieved in 4 patients and subtotal resection in 6. Median locoregional control and overall survival were 12 and 41 months, respectively. On multivariate analysis, cranial neuropathy was associated with worse locoregional control and survival. Surgery was rarely complete because of advanced stages at presentation, but it yielded better outcomes than other treatments without surgery in non lymphoma-cases. Conclusion. Early CT and MRI should be performed when facing aspecific, rhinological, or neuro-ophtalmological symptoms. Cranial neuropathies indicate a worse prognosis. Surgery, including debulking surgery, may be preferred to combined modality treatments without surgery. Its apparently favorable impact on prognosis would need to be tested in homogenous histological groups of patients, which is impossible because of the rarity of the disease. Highly conformal radiotherapy (adjuvant or definitive) should be encouraged and optimized with concurrent chemotherapy in advanced stages. Aggressive multidisciplinary management including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy should be encouraged and adapted on histology and tumor extensions. Progress is still warranted to improve outcomes. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009 [source] Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the larynx: A 40-year experienceHEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 7 2008Roger V. Moukarbel MD Abstract Background Laryngeal adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare disease. We reviewed our experience at the Princess Margaret Hospital (PMH) with its treatment. Methods This is a retrospective chart review of 15 cases treated at PMH between 1963 and 2005. Results The mean age was 48.6 years. There was no sex predilection. The subglottis was the most common subsite involved. Only 2 patients had regional metastasis. Local or regional recurrence was noted in 5 patients (33.3%). The distant metastasis rate was 66.7% and involved the lungs. The median follow-up time was 6.9 years. The 5- and 10-year overall and disease-specific survival rates were 64% and 46%, and 69% and 49%, respectively. Conclusion Laryngeal ACC is a rare disease with a high rate of distant recurrence. Its management should emphasize maximizing local and regional disease control by surgery followed by radiotherapy with distant disease failure eventually dictating survival. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008 [source] Phase II trial of taxol in salivary gland malignancies (E1394): A trial of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology GroupHEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 3 2006Jill Gilbert MD Abstract Background. Malignant tumors of the salivary glands make up approximately 5% of head and neck cancers. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) initiated a phase II evaluation of paclitaxel in patients with locally recurrent or metastatic salivary gland malignancies. Methods. Chemo-naive patients with histologically confirmed recurrent or metastatic carcinoma of salivary gland origin (mucoepidermoid, adenocarcinoma, or adenoid cystic) were eligible. Patients were treated with paclitaxel, 200 mg/m2 IV, every 21 days for a minimum of four cycles. Results. Forty-five patients were treated. Eight partial responses were seen among the 31 patients with mucoepidermoid or adenocarcinoma histologic findings for a response rate of 26%. No responses were seen in the adenoid cystic carcinoma group. No significant difference in overall survival was found among these three histologic subgroups. Conclusion. Paclitaxel demonstrates moderate activity in salivary gland tumors of mucoepidermoid and adenocarcinoma histology. The poor response rate in adenoid cystic carcinoma is consistent with prior reports in this chemoresistant histologic subtype. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck28: 197,204, 2006 [source] Malignant tumors of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses,HEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 9 2002Teri S. Katz MD Abstract Purpose To evaluate the role of radiation therapy in patients with nasal cavity and paranasal sinus tumors. Materials and Methods Between October 1964 and July 1998, 78 patients with malignant tumors of the nasal cavity (48 patients), ethmoid sinus (24 patients), sphenoid sinus (5 patients), or frontal sinus (1 patient) were treated with curative intent by radiation therapy alone or in the adjuvant setting. There were 25 squamous cell carcinomas, 14 undifferentiated carcinomas, 31 minor salivary gland tumors (adenocarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma), 8 esthesioneuroblastomas, and 1 transitional cell carcinoma. Forty-seven patients were treated with irradiation alone, 25 with surgery and postoperative irradiation, 2 with preoperative irradiation and surgery, and 4 with chemotherapy in combination with irradiation with or without surgery. Results The 5-year actuarial local control rate for stage I (limited to the site of origin; 22 patients) was 86%; for stage II (extension to adjacent sites (eg, adjacent sinuses, orbit, pterygomaxillary fossa, nasopharynx; 21 patients) was 65%; and for stage III (destruction of skull base or pterygoid plates, or intracranial extension; 35 patients) was 34%. The 5-year actuarial local control rate for patients receiving postoperative irradiation was 79% and for patients receiving irradiation alone was 49% (p = .05). The 5-, 10-, 15-, and 20-year ultimate local control rates for all 78 patients were 60%, 56%, 48%, and 48%, respectively. The 5-, 10-, 15-, and 20-year cause-specific survival rates for all 78 patients were 56%, 45%, 39%, and 39%, respectively. The 5-, 10-, 15-, and 20-year absolute survival rates for all 78 patients were 50%, 31%, 21%, and 16%, respectively. Of the 67 (86%) patients who were initially seen with node-negative disease, 39 (58%) received no elective neck treatment, and 28 (42%) received elective neck irradiation. Of the 39 patients who received no elective neck treatment, 33 (85%) did not experience recurrence in the neck compared with 25 (89%) of 28 patients who received elective neck irradiation. Most patients who received elective neck irradiation (57%) had stage III disease. Twenty-one (27%) of 78 patients had unilateral blindness develop secondary to radiation retinopathy or optic neuropathy; the complication was anticipated in most of these patients, because the ipsilateral eye was irradiated to a high dose. Four patients (5%) unexpectedly had bilateral blindness develop because of optic neuropathy. All four of these patients received irradiation alone. Conclusion Surgery and postoperative radiation therapy may result in improved local control, absolute survival, and complications when compared with radiation therapy alone. Elective neck irradiation is probably unnecessary for patients with early-stage disease. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 821,829, 2002 [source] Immunohistochemical study of epidermal growth factor receptor in adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary gland originHEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 7 2002Marilena Vered DMD Abstract Background Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) are involved in the development of salivary gland tumors. Recently, treatment modalities for EGFR inhibition have shown an enhanced clinical response in carcinomas of different locations. Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of salivary gland origin is a malignant tumor with a poor long-term outcome. If salivary gland ACC does exhibit EGFR, then immunotherapy could have a major impact on improving its prognosis. Methods The study consisted of 34 samples of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of salivary gland ACC. Specimens were stained with a mouse antihuman monoclonal antibody for immunohistochemical detection of EGFR. Overlying oral mucosa and adjacent normal salivary ducts served as internal controls. Both membrane and cytoplasmic staining were evaluated. Staining score was calculated by multiplying the percentage of positively stained tumor cells by the intensity of the staining. The highest score for a given tumor was equal to 2. Results In the final analysis, 27 of the 34 specimens were included; 7 were excluded, because the internal control did not reveal any staining. Of these 27 specimens, 23 (85%) stained positively for EGFR with a staining score of 0.05 to 1.8. Three palatal tumors attained the highest scores (one tumor, 1.2, and the remaining two, 1.8). Conclusions Most salivary gland ACC stained positively for EGFR, and in some the staining was quite intense. On the basis of the already proven antitumoral effect of agents acting as EGFR inhibitors, it is suggested that patients with ACC might benefit from these agents, especially when surgery has failed or in those with recurrent or metastatic disease. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 632,636, 2002 [source] Parental lung cancer as predictor of cancer risks in offspring: Clues about multiple routes of harmful influence?INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 3 2006Kari Hemminki Abstract The carcinogenic effects of active smoking have been demonstrated for many sites, but the effects of passive smoking and exposures during pregnancy and breastfeeding are less well documented. We examined whether 0,70-year-old offspring of parents with lung cancer are at a risk of cancer that cannot be explained by their smoking or familial risk. It was assumed that known target sites for tobacco carcinogenesis would be affected, if any. The nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database with cancers recorded from 1958 to 2002 was used to calculate age-specific standardized incidence ratios (SIRs). Among offspring of affected mothers, increased risks were observed for upper aerodigestive (SIR 1.45), nasal (2.93), lung (1.71) and bladder (1.52) cancers and for kidney cancer (6.41) in one age group. The risk of bladder cancer was found in younger age groups than that of lung cancer. Cancers at many of these sites, but not the kidney or the bladder, were in excess in offspring of affected fathers. Nasal cancer was even increased when either parent was diagnosed with lung cancer; the highest risk was for nasal adenoid cystic carcinoma (7.73). The data suggest that passive smoking during childhood is associated with an increase risk of nasal cancer. For bladder and kidney cancers, a contribution by tobacco carcinogens is implicated through breastfeeding and in utero exposure. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Adenoid cystic carcinoma: A retrospective clinical reviewINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 3 2001Atif J. Khan M.D. Abstract Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) are uncommon tumors, representing about 10% to 15% of head and neck tumors. We compare the survival and control rates at our institution with those reported in the literature, and examine putative predictors of outcome. All patients registered with the tumor registry as having had ACC were identified. Demographic and survival variables were retrieved from the database. Additionally, a chart review of all patients was done to obtain specific information. Minor gland tumors were staged using the American Joint Committee on Cancer's criteria for squamous cell carcinomas in identical sites. Histopathologic variables retrieved included grade of the tumor, margins, and perineural invasion. Treatment modalities, field sizes, and radiation doses were recorded in applicable cases. An effort to retrieve archival tumor specimens for immunohistochemical analysis was undertaken. A total of 69 patients were treated for ACC from 1955 to 1999. One patient, who presented with fatal brain metastasis, was excluded from further analysis. Of the remaining 68 patients, 30 were men and 38 were women. The average age at diagnosis was 52 years, and mean follow-up was 13.2 years. Mean survival was 7.7 years. Overall survival (OS) rates at 5, 10, and 15 years were 72%, 44%, and 34%, and cause-specific survival was 83%, 71%, and 55%, respectively. Recurrence-free survival rates were 65%, 52%, and 30% at 5, 10, and 15 years, with a total of 29 of 68 (43%) eventually suffering a recurrence. Overall survival was adversely affected by advancing T and AJCC stage. Higher tumor grades were also associated with decreased OS, although the numbers compared were small. Primaries of the nasosinal region fared poorly when compared with other locations. Total recurrence-free survival, local and distant recurrence rates were distinctly better in primaries of the oral cavity/oropharynx when compared with those in other locations. Reduced distant recurrence-free survival was significantly associated with increasing stage. No other variables were predictive for recurrence. Additionally, we found that nasosinal tumors were more likely to display higher stage at presentation, and were more often associated with perineural invasion. Also of interest was the association of perineural invasion with margin status, with 15 of 20 patients with positive margins displaying perineural invasion, while only 5 of 17 with negative margins showed nerve invasion (P = 0.02). On immunohistochemistry, 2 cases of the 29 (7%) tumor specimens found displayed HER-2/neu positivity. No correlation between clinical behavior and positive staining could be demonstrated. Our data concur with previous reports on ACC in terms of survival and recurrence statistics. Stage and site of primary were important determinants of outcome. Grade may still serve a role in decision making. We could not demonstrate any differences attributable to primary modality of therapy, perhaps due to the nonrandomization of patients into the various treatment tracks and the inclusion of palliative cases. Similarly, perineural invasion, radiation dose and field size, and HER-2/neu positivity did not prove to be important factors in our experience. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Effect of Matrigel on adenoid cystic carcinoma cell line differentiationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY, Issue 6 2006Márcia M. Marques Summary Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a frequent malignant salivary gland neoplasm presenting different growth patterns described as tubular, cribriform and solid, which represent distinct differentiation stages. Cell lines originated from ACCs grown inside three-dimensional environments have not been capable to reproduce all in vivo ACC growth patterns. As ACC cells in vivo present replicated basement membrane, to mimic this situation in vitro ACC cells (CAC2 cells) were grown on the top of a reconstituted basement membrane (Matrigel). Phenotype differences were assessed by light, fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. The cultures grown on the top of Matrigel presented three-dimensional arrangement of cells intercepted by cellular cords. At these, cell nests pseudocyst formations were observed. This morphological structure entirely reproduced the cribriform growth pattern of ACC. We suggest that the cribriform differentiation of ACC in culture is dependent of proteins and growth factors associated in a bi-dimensional structure. [source] Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the prostate: A case report with immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization staining for prostate-specific antigenINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, Issue 8 2001Sadatsugu Minei Abstract A 43-year-old man with urinary outlet obstruction was referred to our hospital. A digital rectal examination revealed an elastic hard prostate. The serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), serum prostatic acid phosphate and ,-seminoprotein levels were found to be within the normal range, and transrectal ultrasound sonography provided normal findings. The patient underwent a subcapsular prostatectomy under a diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Histopathologically, the lesion was diagnosed as an adenoid cystic carcinoma of the prostate. Because a further examination revealed a pathologic extension into the urinary bladder, a radical cystoprostatectomy was performed. The expression of PSA protein and PSA mRNA was studied by means of immunohistochemistry and an in situ hybridization technique. The adenoid cystic carcinoma in the patient did not show any positive signs for PSA protein or PSA mRNA. [source] Morphometric analysis of CD34-positive vessels in salivary gland adenoid cystic and mucoepidermoid carcinomasJOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 9 2009H. Luukkaa Background:, Carcinomas of the salivary glands are uncommon and morphologically a diverse group of malignancies. To evaluate the prognostic value of CD34 immunostaining of the vessels in adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), an automated image analysis method was used. Method:, In a nationwide study, covering salivary gland cancer (SGC) patients in Finland 1991,1996, 37 AdCC and 18 MEC patients (M 25, F 30, age 25,90, mean 63) were included. In addition to clinical characteristics the size, shape, staining intensity and vessel density in CD34 immunostained histologic samples were measured. Results:, Altogether 4433 vessels were measured from AdCC and 2615 from MEC tumor. Of the total tumor vessels measured, 2651 were from patients who deceased with disease (Group I) and 4397 were from specimens derived from those who did not die of disease (Group II) during the 10-year follow-up. The staining intensity was significantly higher in MEC than in AdCC tumor (P = 0.0005). In MEC, the Group I patients had a higher staining intensity among high-grade patients compared with patients with low grade disease, whereas the tumors in Group II had a lower staining intensity among the high-grade compared with the low grade tumors (P = 0.018). A higher vessel density was found in patients with MEC in group II compared with group I (P = 0.017). Conclusions:, The staining intensity of CD34 positive vessels in MEC was higher than in AdCC. In MEC, higher staining intensity of vessels in high-grade tumors and lower vessel density in all MEC patients, predicted poor survival. [source] Relative frequency of intra-oral minor salivary gland tumors: a study of 380 cases from northern California and comparison to reports from other parts of the worldJOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 4 2007Amos Buchner Background:, The relative frequency of individual intra-oral minor salivary gland tumors (IMSGT) is not well documented in the literature. The aim of this study was to determine the relative frequency and distribution of IMSGT in an oral pathology biopsy service and to compare the data with similar studies from different parts of the world. Methods:, Files from the Pacific Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Laboratory of the University of the Pacific, San Francisco, California served as a source of material for this study. Files were systematically searched for all cases of IMSGT during a 20-year period. Tumors were classified according to the 2005 WHO classification of salivary gland tumors. Results:, IMSGT were identified in 380 (0.4%) cases of 92 860 accessed. This is the largest series of IMSGT from one source reported in recent years. Of the 380 tumors, 224 (59%) were benign and 156 (41%) were malignant. Of the benign tumors, pleomorphic adenoma (PA) was the most common (39.2%), followed by cystadenoma (6.3%), canalicular adenoma (6.1%), ductal papillomas (4.4%), basal cell adenoma (1.6%), and myoepithelioma (1.3%). Of the malignant tumors, mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common (21.8%), followed by polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (7.1%), adenoid cystic carcinoma (6.3%), adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified (NOS; 2.1%), acinic cell carcinoma (1.6%), clear cell carcinoma, NOS (1.0%), and carcinoma ex PA (0.5%). Conclusions:, Studies related to the relative frequency of individual IMSGTs from different parts of the world are difficult to compare because many studies are outdated, the number of cases is small, the list of tumors is limited, and new entities are not included. To determine the true relative frequency, more studies should be conducted, on a large number of cases from one source, by experienced pathologists in the field of salivary gland tumors. [source] Role of MMP9 on invadopodia formation in cells from adenoid cystic carcinoma.MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE, Issue 2 2010Study by laser scanning confocal microscopy Abstract Migration, invasion and protease activity are essential for tumor progression and metastasis. Metastatic cells rely on invadopodia to degrade and invade extracellular matrix (ECM). Invadopodia are membrane protrusions with enzymes required for ECM degradation. These protrusions contain cortactin and membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) superimposed to areas of digested matrix. Here we characterized invadopodia in a cell line (CAC2) derived from human adenoid cystic carcinoma. We carried out fluorescent-substrate degradation assay to assess in situ protease activity of CAC2 cells. Digestion spots in fluorescent substrate appear as black areas in green background. Cells were cultured on Matrigel-gelatin-FITC and fixed after 1 h and 3 h. CAC2 cells were double labeled to actin and cortactin. Cells were also double stained to actin and MT1-MMP. Samples were studied by laser scanning confocal microscopy. In all time points CAC2 cells showed actin, cortactin, and MT1-MMP colocalized with digestion spots in fluorescent substrate. We searched for other proteases involved in invadopodia activity. We have previously demonstrated that MMP9 influences adenoid cystic carcinoma behavior. This prompted us to investigate role played by MMP9 on invadopodia formation. CAC2 cells had MMP9 silenced by siRNA. After 1 h in fluorescent substrate, cells with silenced MMP9 showed clear decrease in matrix digestion compared with controls. No differences were found in cells with silenced MMP9 grown for 3 h on fluorescent substrate. Our results showed that CAC2 cells exhibit functional invadopodia containing cortactin and MT1-MMP. Furthermore, MMP9 would be required in the initial steps of invadopodia formation. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Adenoid cystic carcinoma and polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma of minor salivary glands: a comparative immunohistochemical study using the epithelial membrane and carcinoembryonic antibodiesORAL DISEASES, Issue 3 2005A Epivatianos Objective:, The purpose of this study was to investigate immunohistochemically the expression of epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) and polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) in an attempt to assess the ability of these markers to distinguish AdCC from PLGA when the histological features on routine hematoxylin and eosin are equivocal. Materials and methods:, Fourteen specimens of AdCC, 10 PLGA, and five normal minor salivary glands fixed in 10% formalin and embedded in paraffin, were retrieved from the files of our department and were retrospectively studied with the streptavidin-biotin complex method using the epithelial membrane and carcinoembryonic antibodies. Results:, The immunoreactivities and the expression patterns of EMA and CEA in AdCC and PLGA were similar. Conclusions:, The results of this study suggest that the immunostaining of AdCC and PLGA with EMA and CEA could not offer an adjunctive aid in differential diagnosis between these two tumors. [source] Tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 (TAG-72) expression in salivary gland neoplasia: an immunohistochemical study using the monoclonal antibody (MAb) CC49ORAL DISEASES, Issue 2 2000A. Epivatianos OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate immunohistochemically the expression of tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 (TAG-72) using the monoclonal antibody (MAb) CC49 in salivary gland neoplasia and normal salivary glands in an attempt to determine the potential usefulness of MAb CC49 in diagnostic and therapetic applications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-six specimens (21 benign tumors, 41 malignant, and 24 normal salivary glands), fixed in 10% formalin and embedded in paraffin, were retrieved from the files of the Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology at the Dental School of Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece, and were retrospectively studied with hematoxylin and eosin and with the streptavidin-biotin-complex method using the MAb CC49. RESULTS: Strong immunoreactivity for TAG-72 was observed in salivary duct carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, papillary cystadenocarcinoma, low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma, normal submandibular, sublingual, and minor salivary glandS. Weak or no immunoreactivity was found in adenoid cystic carcinoma, basal cell adenocarcinoma, polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma, and normal parotid gland. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest the potential use of MAb CC49 in the differential diagnosis of some salivary gland neoplasms in which their histopathologic features overlap, and in the radiation immunolocalization and immunotherapy of malignant tumors that are localized in the parotid gland. [source] Adjuvant chemotherapy in lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinomaPEDIATRIC BLOOD & CANCER, Issue 6 2009Rachna Meel MS No abstract is available for this article. [source] Synergistic inhibitory effect of sulforaphane and 5-fluorouracil in high and low metastasis cell lines of salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinomaPHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 3 2009Xiao-Feng Wang Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the growth-inhibitory effect of sulforaphane (SFN) and a traditional chemotherapy agent, 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu), against the proliferation of salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma high metastatic cell line (ACC-M) and low metastasis cell line (ACC-2). Furthermore, the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF- ,B) which induces resistance to anticancer chemotherapeutic agents was also detected. The combination effect of SFN and 5-Fu was quantitatively determined using the method of median effect principle and the combination index. The nuclear NF- ,B p65 expression after treatment with the SFN-5-Fu combination was also evaluated by western blot analysis. The ACC-M and ACC-2 cells exhibited relative resistant to 5-Fu. Treatment ACCs cells with SFN and 5-Fu in combination, led to synergistic inhibition on cell growth and a decreased expression in nuclear NF- ,B p65 protein. This synergistic inhibitory effect was more significant in ACC-M cells, which is associated with the greatly decreased expression of NF- ,B p65 (almost 5-fold) after the combination treatment. Our results demonstrate synergism between SFN and 5-Fu at higher doses against the ACC-M and ACC-2 cells, which was associated with the decreased expression of nuclear NF- ,B p65 protein. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Role for Postoperative Radiation Therapy in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Head and Neck,THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 7 2004Damon A. Silverman MD Objective: Clarify the role for postoperative radiation for adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the head and neck as it relates to tumor site, T-stage, and surgical margin status. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study at an academic tertiary care hospital. Methods: A review of 129 patients with biopsy-proven ACC was performed. Previous treatment failures and nonoperative candidates were excluded, with 75 patients considered eligible for further study. Patients were grouped according to treatment modality and Kaplan-Meier estimates of overall survival, locoregional control, and distant control were compared using log-rank tests. Patients were also stratified according to tumor site, T-stage, and surgical margin status, and pair-wise comparisons of treatment outcome within each group were performed using Wald tests from Cox proportional hazards models. Results: Twenty-five patients were treated with surgery alone, and 50 were treated with surgery and postoperative radiation. There was no significant difference in outcome between treatment groups when correlated with tumor site (P = .89). However, postoperative radiation was associated with improved overall survival for advanced T-stage (T4) tumors (P = .019) and greater locoregional control for patients with microscopically positive margins (P = .018). There was no demonstrated benefit of postoperative radiation for patients with microscopically negative margins (P = .93). Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that advanced T-stage and positive microscopic margins are important factors in determining the necessity for postoperative radiation therapy for ACC of the head and neck and that radiation therapy may not be necessary for patients with early T-stage tumors and negative surgical margins. [source] Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule Expression in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Head and Neck,THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 6 2000James A. Hutcheson MD Abstract Objective To investigate whether there is a correlation between neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) expression and perineural spread in patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck (ACCHN). Study Design Retrospective review of medical records and immunohistochemical staining of specimens from 37 patients treated at the University of Arkansas in Little Rock from 1987 to 1997. Methods Sections from paraffin-embedded specimens were e-amined for the presence of NCAM using monoclonal anti-NCAM antibody by avidin-biotin-pero-idase immunohistochemical staining. NCAM staining was scored in each specimen and correlated with the data obtained from patient charts. Results Twenty-five of 37 specimens (68%) showed histopathological evidence of perineural spread. All 37 specimens (100%) stained positive for NCAM, regardless of perineural spread status. Conclusion Our results suggested that the use of NCAM expression as a predictor of perineural spread is highly unlikely. [source] 3462: Epithelial tumours of the lacrimal glandACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2010SE COUPLAND Purpose To provide an overview of benign and malignant epithelial neoplasms arising in the lacrimal gland. Methods In the normal orbit, the lacrimal gland is clinically impalpable and is situated in the lacrimal fossa posterior to the superotemporal orbital rim. The gland is not truly encapsulated and is divided into the deep orbital and the superficial palpebral lobes by the levator aponeurosis. The retrospective study of 265 epithelial tumours of the lac¬rimal gland conducted by the Armed Forces Institute of Pa¬thology (AFIP) improved our understanding of the histologic classification and clinical behavior of epithelial tumours of the lacrimal gland. The historic works of Forrest (1954) and Zimmerman (1962) alleviated confu¬sion by applying to epithelial tumours of the lacrimal gland the histopathologic classification of salivary gland tumours. Epithelial tumours originating from the lacrimal gland should be staged according to the 7th Edition of the Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) system, which is a modification of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of salivary gland tumours. Results The most common benign epithelial tumour of the lacrimal gland is the pleomorphic adenoma. The most common lacrimal gland carcinomas include adenoid cystic carcinoma, "carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma", primary adenocarcinoma & mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The regional lymph nodes include: preauricular, submandibular and cervical lymph nodes. The lung is the most common metastatic site, followed by bone and remote viscera. Conclusion Subtyping & grading of lacrimal gland epithelial tumours requires the latest WHO/AFIP classifications. Staging of these tumours should follow the 7th TNM system. Collection of datapoints is essential to identify biomarkers, which includes only nuclear N23 and MIB-1 at present. [source] 3463: Fusion oncogenes in adenoid cystic carcinomaACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2010SL VON HOLSTEIN Purpose Adenoid cystic carcinomas of the salivary glands have a consistent t(6;9)(q22-23;p23-24) translocation. A recent study have shown that this results in fusion of the transcription factor gene MYB and the transcription factor gene NFIB which leads to activation of critical MYB target genes. The purpose of the study was to determine the expression of the MYB-NFIB fusion in lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinomas. Methods Primary lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinomas in Denmark during 1974-2007 were collected and classified according to the latest WHO classification system. The formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumours were analyzed using RT-PCR for detection of MYB-NFIB fusion transcript. 10 other non-adenoid cystic carcinomas of the lacrimal gland were also tested for the fusion. Results A total of 13 patients with a primary adenoid cystic carcinoma were identified in Denmark during the 33-year period. The median age at diagnosis was 41 years and the gender distribution was equal. Using RT-PCR the fusion transcript could be detected in five (38%) of the 13 cases. The fusion was the transcript variant MYB exon 14 linked to NFIB exon 8c in all five cases. None of the non-adenoid cystic carcinoma cases expressed the MYB-NFIB fusion. Conclusion The MYB-NFIB fusion is expressed in adenoid cystic carcinomas of the lacrimal gland. The result of the study supports the suggestion that the MYB-NFIB fusion is specific for adenoid cystic carcinoma. This is the first study to evaluate the frequency of the MYB-NFIB fusion in adenoid cystic carcinomas in the lacrimal gland. [source] 3465: Medical cancer therapy of lacrimal gland tumoursACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2010C LE TOURNEAU Purpose The most common malignant epithelial cancer of the lacrimal gland is the adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). Despite a slow growth, ACCs are ultimately associated with a poor outcome. Methods Given the rarity of this disease, there are actually no conclusive recommendations for optimal therapy of this tumor. Results Surgery and postoperative radiation therapy is commonly used in the initial local treatment of ACC of the lacrimal gland. In high-risk recurrence patients, concomitant platinum-based chemoradiation should be discussed in an attempt to enhance radiosensitivity. While encouraging responses were reported with intraarterial neoadjuvant chemotherapy, this strategy was associated with substantial toxicity and should not be recommended outside of clinical trials. In the metastatic setting, systemic therapy is the only available option if no surgery and/or radiation is feasible. Although some tumour shrinkage has been reported with intravenous chemotherapy, only dismal objective response rates were achieved. Most active drugs remain anthracyclines and platinum compounds. Drug combinations do not seem to add much efficacy. More recently, non-cytotoxic molecularly targeted agents have emerged and demonstrated significant efficacy in several tumour types. These agents modulate specific targets thought to be essential for tumour proliferation and/or angiogenesis. c-KIT, PDGFR,, EGFR, and VEGFR are transmembrane receptors with oncogenic tyrosine kinase activity that are commonly overexpressed in ACC. The use of drugs triggering these targets has been disappointing so far. Conclusion The recent identification of a hallmark gene fusion transcript thought to activate critical targets involved in apoptosis, cell cycle control, cell growth and angiogenesis, heralds new treatment promise. [source] Molecular analyses of the candidate tumor suppressor gene, PLAGL1, in benign and malignant salivary gland tumorsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 6 2004Fredrik Enlund Deletions affecting the long arm of chromosome 6 are a characteristic feature of all major subtypes of malignant salivary gland tumors. Moreover, a subgroup of adenoid cystic carcinomas have t(6;9)(q23-25;p21-24) translocations with breakpoints located within the commonly deleted region. Here we have examined the possible involvement of the candidate tumor suppressor gene, PLAGL1, in these deletions and translocations. Northern blot and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses of a series of 27 salivary gland tumors revealed no significant changes in the gene expression or rearrangements of PLAGL1. FISH analysis also demonstrated that the 6q translocation breakpoint in adenoid cystic carcinomas with t(6;9) is proximal to the PLAGL1 locus. Collectively, these results indicate that PLAGL1 is not likely to be the major target gene of the 6q rearrangements in salivary gland tumors. [source] Cytogenetic analysis of 101 skull base tumorsHEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 5 2008Ziv Gil MD Abstract Background. Skull base tumors are rare neoplasms and the cytogenetic data on these tumors are limited. The authors cytogenetically analyzed a large series of tumors and compared the findings with patients' pathologic data. Methods. The karyotypes of pathologically confirmed samples of 101 patients, who were operated for oncological extirpation of tumors, were analyzed using G-banding and spectral-karyotyping techniques. Results. Of the 67 malignant tumors, 32 (48%) had chromosomal aberrations, some with complex numerical and structural chromosomal anomalies. Recurrent chromosomal breakpoints were identified in squamous cell carcinomas, adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACCs), sinonasal undifferentiated carcinomas, chordomas, and sarcomas. Specific breakpoints established the diagnosis of various soft tissue sarcomas. Novel chromosomal aberrations were found in various other malignant and benign tumors. Conclusion. This study highlights the value of cytogenetic analysis for diagnosis of skull base tumors. The data add further information on the biological behavior of these rare neoplasms. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008 [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||