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Current Regulations (current + regulation)
Selected AbstractsSubstitute consent for nursing home residents prescribed psychotropic medicationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 3 2009Nicola Rendina Abstract Background Prescribing psychotropic medications for persons with dementia who lack capacity to give informed consent requires proxy consent under NSW Guardianship legislation. Objective To survey current practice in complying with legislation and regulations in prescribing psychotropic medications for nursing home residents. Method In three Sydney nursing homes, the files of 77 residents identified as having dementia, being on a psychotropic medication and not having capacity to give informed consent, were audited. Results In only 6.5% of cases were all regulations adhered to; a further 6.5% attempted and partially completed substitute consent requirements. The problem and the nature of the treatment were documented in 70.1% of cases. In 16.9% of files the only documentation of the prescribed medication was in the medication chart. Doses of medications prescribed were within accepted guidelines. Conclusion Current regulations and legislation are not being observed. Recommendations are made as to how to make them more practicable. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Hair dye contact allergy: quantitative exposure assessment of selected products and clinical casesCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 6 2004Heidi SØsted Colouring of hair can cause severe allergic contact dermatitis. The most frequently reported hair dye allergens are p -phenylenediamine (PPD) and toluene-2,5-diamine, which are included in, respectively, the patch test standard series and the hairdressers series. The aim of the present study was to identify dye precursors and couplers in hair dyeing products causing clinical hair dye dermatitis and to compare the data with the contents of these compounds in a randomly selected set of similar products. The patient material comprised 9 cases of characteristic clinical allergic hair dye reaction, where exposure history and patch testing had identified a specific hair dye product as the cause of the reaction. The 9 products used by the patients were subjected to chemical analysis. 8 hair dye products contained toluene-2,5-diamine (0.18 to 0.98%). PPD (0.27%) was found in 1 product, and m -aminophenol (0.015 to 0.38%) and p -aminophenol (0.16 to 2.1%) were found in 3 products. The concentration levels were similar in the patient's products compared to a random sample of 16 hair dye products. The concentration present of toluene-2,5-diamine elicited allergic reactions in concentrations that were 10-fold lower than the legal EU limit of 10%. Hair dye allergy may cause severe clinical reactions, and the current regulation is insufficient in protection of the users. A preventive strategy is needed. [source] To foster or to temper?LEGAL STUDIES, Issue 4 2006Regulating the political activities of the voluntary, community sector A recent consultation by the European Commission on a draft code of conduct for the voluntary and community sector to combat illegal political activities highlights the regulation of the sector. This paper considers the European Commission's code in light of the current regulation for charities and the wider voluntary and community sector, questioning whether sector-specific regulation of political activities is achievable and how such regulation could be best achieved. [source] Der erweiterte Minijob für Arbeitslose , Ein ReformvorschlagPERSPEKTIVEN DER WIRTSCHAFTSPOLITIK, Issue 2 2006Michael Fertig However, recent experiences with the reform cast substantial doubts on the potential of Minijobs in this regard. Hence, this article develops a proposal for an easily implementable, generous and temporary extension of the current regulation to provide an incentive for unemployed workers to take up such a Minijob. Our proposal is supplemented by an assessment of the expected labor market impact and a monetary cost-benefit analysis. [source] Liquid,vapour partition of ethanol in bakery productsFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 1 2006Paola Pittia Abstract Ethanol is a common ingredient in formulated foods, naturally present or added in liquid form in order to achieve the desired sensorial properties. In many complex foods this volatile compound could also serve interesting technological functions, as well as extending their shelf-lives, owing to its capacity to inhibit or reduce the rate of microbial growth. At the European level there are no known restrictions regarding the use of ethanol in foods as a preservative, while in Italy, current regulations allow its addition as an anti-moulding agent in pre-packed bread, at a maximum concentration of 2% on a dry weight basis. This research studied the effect of water activity (aw) and water content on the ethanol vapour pressure of sliced white bread, previously equilibrated at various aw values and with 2% ethanol added. Different aw values were obtained by both rehydration from previously freeze-dried bread, and dehydration from the fresh product. The results showed that both aw and moisture affected the vapour pressure of ethanol as a consequence of water,solute and ethanol,solute interactions in the matrix. These interactions varied according to the modality of equilibration (desorption or absorption) at a given aw. The results are discussed in terms of ethanol activity (ae), computed as the ratio between the ethanol vapour pressure in bread and the vapour pressure of pure ethanol at the same temperature. This index, analogous to aw, proved to be useful in evaluating the ,freedom' of the ethanol present in a food matrix to be released in the vapour phase. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Land application of treated sewage sludge: quantifying pathogen risks from consumption of cropsJOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 2 2005P. Gale Abstract Aims:, To predict the number of humans in the UK infected through consumption of root crops grown on agricultural land to which treated sewage sludge has been applied in accordance with the current regulations and guidance (Safe Sludge Matrix). Methods and Results:, Quantitative risk assessments based on the source, pathway, receptor approach are developed for seven pathogens, namely salmonellas, Listeria monocytogenes, campylobacters, Escherichia coli O157, Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia, and enteroviruses. Using laboratory data for pathogen destruction by mesophilic anaerobic digestion, and not extrapolating experimental data for pathogen decay in soil to the full 30-month harvest interval specified by the Matrix, predicts 50 Giardia infections per year, but less than one infection per year for the other six pathogens. Assuming linear decay in the soil, a 12-month harvest interval eliminates the risks from all seven pathogens; the highest predicted being one infection of C. parvum in the UK every 45 years. Computer simulations show that a protective effect from binding of pathogens to particulate matter could potentially exaggerate the observed rate of decay in experimental systems. Conclusions:, The results confirm, assuming pathogens behave according to our current understanding, that the risks to humans from consumption of vegetable crops are remote. Furthermore the harvest intervals stipulated by the Safe Sludge Matrix compensate for potential lapses in the operational efficiency of sludge treatment. Significance and Impact of the Study:, The models demonstrate the huge potential impact of decay in the soil over the 12/30-month intervals specified by the Matrix, although lack of knowledge on the exact nature of soil decay processes is a source of uncertainty. The models enable the sensitivity of the predicted risks to changes in the operational efficiency of sewage sludge treatment to be assessed. [source] Regulatory issues in cellular therapiesJOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY, Issue S38 2002Adrian P. Gee, Article first published online: 23 APR 200 Cellular and gene therapies offer considerable promise as new treatment modalities. The Food and Drug Administration has been developing strategies to regulate these rapidly evolving fields in a manner that sustains progress and also ensures minimization of potential risks. The death of a patient on a gene therapy study highlighted a number of potential problems that have galvanized the agency to examine their strategy and to review current regulations for gene therapy. Meanwhile, a unified regulatory approach is emerging for cell-based therapies. This stratifies the level of regulation based upon the potential risk to the donor of the cells and the recipient. In this article the history and status of regulation of cellular therapy is briefly reviewed. J. Cell. Biochem. Suppl. 38: 104,112, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Nursing documentation of postoperative pain managementJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 6 2002Ewa Idvall PhD Summary ?,Previous studies have shown that nursing documentation is often deficient in its recording of pain assessment and treatment. In Sweden, documentation of the care process, including assessment, is a legal obligation. ?,The aim of this study was to describe nursing documentation of postoperative pain management and nurses' perceptions of the records in relation to current regulations and guidelines. ?,The sample included nursing records of postoperative care on the second postoperative day from 172 patients and 63 Registered Nurses from surgical wards in a central county hospital in Sweden. ?,The records were reviewed for content and comprehensiveness based on regulations and guidelines for postoperative pain management. Three different auditing instruments were used. The nurses were asked if the documentation concurred with current regulations and guidelines. ?,The result showed that pain assessment was based mainly on patients' self-report, but less than 10% of the records contained notes on systematic assessment with a pain assessment instrument. Pain location was documented in 50% of the records and pain character in 12%. About 73% of the nurses reported that the documentation concurred with current regulations and guidelines. ?,The findings indicate that significant flaws existed in nurses' recording of postoperative pain management, of which the nurses were not aware. [source] Exploring parents' perceptions of television food advertising directed at children: A South Australian studyNUTRITION & DIETETICS, Issue 1 2007Joyce IP Abstract Objective:, To increase our understanding of parents' perceptions of the influence of television food advertising on children's food choices. Design:, Five focus group discussions. Subjects:, Thirty-two parents (24 women and eight men) of children attending primary school. Setting: Adelaide, South Australia. Data analyses:, The focus group discussions were taped and transcribed and coded as themes. Transcripts were verified and coding was audited. All researchers met regularly to analyse data and reach consensus on emergent themes (researcher triangulation). Results:, Parents who participated in the study indicated that television is a powerful source of information for children's food choices. Parents expressed concern about the negative influence of television food advertising on children's food preferences. They suggested that the current regulations governing television food advertising were not adequately enforced. Parents wanted to see an overall reduction in the volume of food advertisements directed at children, and an increase in advertisements promoting healthy foods. Parents expressed mixed views about banning food advertisements directed at children. Conclusion:, In order for television food advertising to be health-enhancing for children, parents in the study suggested the need for restrictions on advertising practices, tighter enforcement of existing regulations and an increase in healthy food advertisements. The present research shows that parents want to see changes in the current arrangements governing television food advertising to children. [source] Contribution of non-agricultural pesticides to pesticide load in surface water,PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE (FORMERLY: PESTICIDE SCIENCE), Issue 6 2004Christian Skark Abstract Two small creeks, tributaries of the River Ruhr near Schwerte, Federal Republic of Germany, were investigated to reveal the regional agricultural and non-agricultural sources of pesticide inputs and the main pathways to surface water. In addition, the receiving water was monitored for pesticides. The watersheds are situated at the northern margin of the Rhenian Schiefergebirge, a highland landscape in North-Rhine,Westphalia. Solid carboniferous shale is covered by a shallow layer of quaternary unconsolidated rock (porous aquifer thickness <5 m). Occurrence of herbicides such as chlortoluron, isoproturon and terbuthylazine in surface water could be due to their broad agricultural application in regional dominant crops, such as barley, wheat and maize. Occurrence of diuron and glyphosate results from their use in residential settlements and industrial areas as well as from weed control on railway tracks. Atrazine concentrations up to 0.8 µg litre,1 indicated recent use of this herbicide, which has been banned since 1991, and was also the result of non-agricultural applications. Pathways for pesticide input to the receiving waters were related to both surface run-off and underground passage. Two-thirds of the observed diuron load in the surface water resulted from an input by run-off. This was expected as a result of total herbicide application targets to sealed surfaces infringing current regulations and recommendations. Diuron load varied between 0.6 and 1.2% of the estimated amount applied annually in the investigated catchments. Non-agricultural pesticide use contributed more than two-thirds of the whole observed pesticide load in the tributaries and at least one-third in the River Ruhr. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry [source] | ||||||||||||||||