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Current Classification System (current + classification_system)
Selected AbstractsEPUAP classification system for pressure ulcers: European reliability studyJOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 6 2007Dimitri Beeckman Abstract Title.,EPUAP classification system for pressure ulcers: European reliability study Aim., This paper is a report of a study of the inter-observer reliability of the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel pressure ulcer classification system and of the differential diagnosis between moisture lesions and pressure ulcers. Background., Pressure ulcer classification is a valuable tool to provide a common description of ulcer severity for the purposes of clinical practice, audit and research. Despite everyday use of the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel system, its reliability has been evaluated in only a limited number of studies. Methods., A survey was carried out between September 2005 and February 2006 with a convenience sample of 1452 nurses from five European countries. Respondents classified 20 validated photographs as normal skin, blanchable erythema, pressure ulcers (four grades), moisture lesion or combined lesion. The nurses were familiar with the use of the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel classification scale. Results., Pressure ulcers were often classified erroneously (, = 0·33) and only a minority of nurses reached a substantial level of agreement. Grade 3 lesions were regularly classified as grade 2. Non-blanchable erythema was frequently assessed incorrectly as blanchable erythema. Furthermore, the differential diagnosis between moisture lesions and pressure ulcers appeared to be complicated. Conclusion., Inter-observer reliability of the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel classification system was low. Evaluation thus needs to focus on both the clarity and complexity of the system. Definitions and unambiguous descriptions of pressure ulcer grades and the distinction between moisture lesions will probably enhance clarity. To simplify the current classification system, a reduction in the number of grades is suggested. [source] Beyond body mass indexOBESITY REVIEWS, Issue 3 2001A. M. Prentice Summary Body mass index (BMI) is the cornerstone of the current classification system for obesity and its advantages are widely exploited across disciplines ranging from international surveillance to individual patient assessment. However, like all anthropometric measurements, it is only a surrogate measure of body fatness. Obesity is defined as an excess accumulation of body fat, and it is the amount of this excess fat that correlates with ill-health. We propose therefore that much greater attention should be paid to the development of databases and standards based on the direct measurement of body fat in populations, rather than on surrogate measures. In support of this argument we illustrate a wide range of conditions in which surrogate anthropometric measures (especially BMI) provide misleading information about body fat content. These include: infancy and childhood; ageing; racial differences; athletes; military and civil forces personnel; weight loss with and without exercise; physical training; and special clinical circumstances. We argue that BMI continues to serve well for many purposes, but that the time is now right to initiate a gradual evolution beyond BMI towards standards based on actual measurements of body fat mass. [source] Non-invasive papillary urothelial neoplasms: The 2004 WHO/ISUP classification systemPATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2010Hiroshi Miyamoto The classification and grading of papillary urothelial neoplasms has been a long-standing subject of controversy. Previously, numerous diverse grading schemes for bladder tumor, including the 1973 World Health Organization (WHO) classification, existed whereby one of the major limitations was poor inter-observer reproducibility among pathologists. The WHO/International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) consensus classification system of urothelial neoplasms of the urinary bladder was developed in 1998 and was revised most recently in 2003 (published in 2004). Importantly, the current classification system provides detailed histological criteria for papillary urothelial lesions and allows for designation of a lesion (papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential) with a negligible risk of progression. Thus, the latest system is designed to be a universally acceptable one for bladder tumors that not only could be effectively used by pathologists, urologists, and oncologists, but also stratifies the tumors into prognostically significant categories. This article outlines the 2004 WHO/ISUP classification system regarding the specific histological criteria for non-invasive papillary urothelial neoplasms and the clinical significance of each category. [source] A NEW PARADIGM FOR FRESHWATER FRAGILARIOID DIATOM CLASSIFICATION?JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY, Issue 2001A CRITIQUE OF LANGE-BERTALOT'S NEW SYSTEM Morales, E. A.1 & Trainor, F. R.2 1Phycology Section, Patrick Center for Environmental Research, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, PA 19103-1195 USA; 2Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3043 USA In a recent study of freshwater diatoms from South America (Rumrich et al. 2000), Lange-Bertalot introduced a new paradigm for the classification of fragilarioid diatoms. This new system is antagonistic to that presented by Williams and Round (1987) because Lange-Bertalot recognizes a marked variability in the characters chosen and a supposed overall continuity of morphological features among the genera created by his English counterparts. Lange-Bertalot then proposes a partitioning of Fragilaria into two genera: Fragilaria and Staurosira mainly based on the presence/absence of rimoportulae and areolate girdle bands. The newly defined Fragilaria includes relatively large phytoplankters such as F. capucina and F. crotonensis. In turn, Staurosira includes, for the most part, small periphytic organisms, and contains several new species that were based on varieties of old Fragilaria taxa. This fragmentation of species and their varieties is based on a supposed morphological discontinuity. As a consequence an apparent increase in species diversity has occurred within the fragilarioid group. The present work analyzes Lange-Bertalot's new paradigm and confronts it with recent LM and SEM evidence. The incorporation of concepts such as plasticity, polymorphism, and parallel evolution in current classification systems is also discussed. It is concluded that Lange-Bertalot's system represents a step backward from that of Williams and Round. Some adjustments in the latter scheme could be sufficient to accommodate the diversity of fragilarioids known at present. [source] | ||||||||||