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Culture Positive (culture + positive)
Selected AbstractsInitial Candida dubliniensis isolate in Candida spp. positive haemocultures in Turkey between 2001 and 2004MYCOSES, Issue 1 2006Alper Tekeli Summary Candida dubliniensis which was first recognized in 1995 can be easily misidentified because of its phenotypic similarities with Candida albicans. In this study blood samples of patients from various departments of Ankara University Medical Faculty between January 2001,June 2004 were investigated for the distribution of Candida spp. and the presence of C. dubliniensis. Culture positive 67 fungi were included to the study. Phenotypic tests such as chlamydospore formation, colony morphology on Staib agar, growth at 45 °C, carbohydrate assimilation profiles were investigated for identification and differentiation of C. dubliniensis from C. albicans. To confirm the results polymerase chain reaction were used for suspected C. albicans and C. dubliniensis isolates. Among 38 germ tube and chlamydospore forming isolates, 37 of them were found as C. albicans and one as C. dubliniensis. The incidence of C. dubliniensis in our hospital is still low, this is the first C. dubliniensis isolate as an agent of candidaemia reported from Turkey. [source] Alaska Sentinel Surveillance for Antimicrobial Resistance in Helicobacter pylori Isolates from Alaska Native Persons, 1999,2003HELICOBACTER, Issue 6 2006Michael G. Bruce Abstract Background:, Previous studies in Alaska have demonstrated elevated proportions of antimicrobial resistance among Helicobacter pylori isolates. Materials and Methods:, We analyzed H. pylori data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)'s sentinel surveillance in Alaska from July 1999 to June 2003 to determine the proportion of culture-positive biopsies from Alaska Native persons undergoing routine upper-endoscopy, and the susceptibility of H. pylori isolates to metronidazole [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of > 8 g metronidazole/mL), clarithromycin (MIC , 1), tetracycline (MIC , 2) and amoxicillin (MIC , 1)] using agar dilution. Results:, Nine-hundred sixty-four biopsy specimens were obtained from 687 participants; 352 (51%) patients tested culture positive. Mean age of both culture-positive and culture-negative patients was 51 years. Metronidazole resistance was demonstrated in isolates from 155 (44%) persons, clarithromycin resistance from 108 (31%) persons, amoxicillin resistance from 8 (2%) persons, and 0 for tetracycline resistance. Metronidazole and clarithromycin resistance varied by geographic region. Female patients were more likely than male subjects to show metronidazole resistance (p < .01) and clarithromycin resistance (p = .05). Conclusions:, Resistance to metronidazole and clarithromycin is more common among H. pylori isolates from Alaska Native persons when compared with those from elsewhere in the USA. [source] Clinical prediction rules for bacteremia and in-hospital death based on clinical data at the time of blood withdrawal for culture: an evaluation of their development and useJOURNAL OF EVALUATION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 6 2006Tsukasa Nakamura MD (Research Fellow) Abstract Rationale, aims and objectives, To develop clinical prediction rules for true bacteremia, blood culture positive for gram-negative rods, and in-hospital death using the data at the time of blood withdrawal for culture. Methods, Data on all hospitalized adults who underwent blood cultures at a tertiary care hospital in Japan were collected from an integrated medical computing system. Logistic regression was used for developing prediction rules followed by the jackknife cross validation. Results, Among 739 patients, 144 (19.5%) developed true bacteremia, 66 (8.9) were positive for gram-negative rods, and 203 (27.5%) died during hospitalization. Prediction rule based on the data at the time of blood withdrawal for culture stratified them into five groups with probabilities of true bacteremia 6.5, 9.6, 21.9, 30.1, and 59.6%. For blood culture positive for gram-negative rods, the probabilities were 0.6, 4.7, 8.6, and 31.7%, and for in-hospital death, those were 6.7, 15.5, 26.0, 35.5, and 56.1%. The area of receiver operating characteristic for true bacteremia, blood culture positive for gram-negative rods, and in-hospital death were 0.73, 0.64, and 0.64, respectively, in original cohort and 0.72, 0.64, and 0.64 in validation respectively. Conclusions, The clinical prediction rules are helpful for improved clinical decision making for bacteremia patients. [source] BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS OF CARDIAC INJURY IN NORMAL AND SURVIVING VERSUS NON-SURVIVING SEPTICEMIC NEONATAL FOALSJOURNAL OF VETERINARY EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE, Issue S1 2004SF Peek Although myocardial injury can be a significant component of multiple organ dysfunction (MODS) in association with septicemia in critically ill human patients, it is as yet an undefined clinical entity in equine septicemia. With septicemia as the leading cause of death in neonatal foals, a better understanding of the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of MODS will be important in further improving survival rates. We designed a prospective study to establish normal ranges for cardiac troponin I (cTnI), T (cTnT) and CKMB mass in healthy 24,48 hour old foals, as well as septicemic neonatal foals seen over a 2-year period in a teaching hospital. We also performed a comparison of these biomarkers in surviving and non-surviving septicemic foals. Sepsis was judged on the basis of the presence of any of the 3 following criteria: blood culture positive at admission, admission sepsis score ,11, or 3 or more sites of infection during hospitalization in foals ,14 days of age. cTnI was measured by the ACCESS® (Beckman Coulter), cTnT was measured using the Elecsys 2010® Immunoassay (Roche), and CKMB mass measurements were performed using the Elecsys 2010®. Each parameter was described using range and 95th and 50th percentile. Comparisons were made for each parameter between normal and septic foals as well as surviving and non-surviving septic foals using the non-parametric Wilcoxon's rank sum test. Significance was set at p<0.05. There were 52 control foals and 38 septic foals of which 22 survived. Significant differences were documented for CKMB between septicemic and normal foals, but not for cTnT or cTnI. However, CKMB and cTnT were significantly lower in surviving versus non-surviving septicemic foals. The 50th and 95th percentiles alongside the ranges for the normal foal population were 0.14, 0.49, (0.01,0.51) ,g/L for cTnI, 0.009, 0.03, (0.009,0.04) ,g/L for cTnT and 2.3, 7.4, (0.4,9.3) ,g/L for CKMB. Our findings suggest that myocardial injury is a component of MODS during septicemia in foals, and that quantitatively significant increases in CKMB and cTnT are seen in non-surviving septicemic foals versus survivors. [source] Infectious keratitis related to orthokeratologyOPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS, Issue 2 2006Xuguang Sun Abstract Purpose:, To report 28 cases of infectious keratitis related to orthokeratology lens overnight wear in China. Methods:, From March 2000 to August 2001, 28 cases of infectious keratitis related to overnight orthokeratology lens wear were diagnosed in Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology. These were retrospectively reviewed with regard to the pathogens isolated, duration of wear, the time since onset of symptoms, and age. Cultures of corneal scrapes for bacteria, fungus and Acanthamoeba were performed in all of the 28 cases. Results:, All cases were students, including 10 males and 18 females, average age was 16 years (range 10,21 years). The duration of orthokeratology overnight wearing was from 2 weeks to 2 years. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) on initial examination in our institute was from 20/200 to light perception. Of 28 isolates, 24 were culture positive (including 11 bacteria, 11 Acanthamoeba and two fungi), and four were culture negative. In two of the four culture negative cases, Acanthamoeba cysts were detected in the corneal stroma with the confocal microscope. Acanthamoeba and Pseudomonas aeruginosa accounted for 75% (21 of 28) of the cases of infectious keratitis. Conclusion:, Infectious keratitis is a severe complication associated with overnight orthokeratology lens wear. Ophthalmologists should pay more attention to this complication in practice. [source] Persistence of borrelial DNA in the joints of Borrelia burgdorferi -infected mice after ceftriaxone treatmentAPMIS, Issue 9 2010HETA YRJÄNÄINEN Yrjänäinen H, Hytönen J, Hartiala P, Oksi J, Viljanen MK. Persistence of borrelial DNA in the joints of Borrelia burgdorferi -infected mice after ceftriaxone treatment. APMIS 2010; 118: 665,73. We have earlier shown that Borrelia burgdorferi -infected and ceftriaxone-treated mice have viable spirochetes in their body, since immunosuppressive treatment allows B. burgdorferi to be detected by culture. However, the niche of the persisting spirochetes remained unknown. In the present study, we analyzed the tissues of B. burgdorferi -infected and ceftriaxone-treated mice by culture and PCR to reveal the foci of persisting spirochetes. C3H/HeN mice were infected via intradermal needle injection with B. burgdorferi s.s. N40. The mice were treated as follows: (i) short (5 days) and (ii) long (18 days) course of ceftriaxone at 2 weeks of infection and killed after either 10 or 30 weeks, or (iii) the mice received ceftriaxone for 5 days at 18 weeks of infection and were killed 21 weeks after the treatment. All samples of ceftriaxone-treated mice were culture negative, whereas all untreated controls were culture positive. Importantly, B. burgdorferi DNA was detected in the joints of 30,100% of the treated mice. In conclusion, these results combined with earlier results suggest that the joint or a tissue adjacent to the joint is the niche of persisting B. burgdorferi in ceftriaxone-treated mice. [source] Triplex real-time PCR assay for detection and differentiation of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussisAPMIS, Issue 9 2010YINGHUA XU Xu Y, Xu Y, Hou Q, Yang R, Zhang S. Triplex real-time PCR assay for detection and differentiation of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis. APMIS 2010; 118: 685,91. A triplex real-time PCR assay for detection and differentiation of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis was developed. Three targets were used for amplification in a single tube: the insertion sequence IS481 and the pertussis toxin promoter region (ptxP) for B. pertussis, and the insertion sequence IS1001 for B. parapertussis. The performance of this PCR assay was evaluated in parallel in three single-target real-time PCR assays using DNA extracted from B. pertussis and B. parapertussis reference strains and nasopharyngeal swabs taken from 105 patients who had been coughing for more than 7 days. The minimum detection limit of the triplex PCR was one to five colony-forming units (CFU) of B. pertussis and 1 CFU of B. parapertussis per reaction, and the coefficients of both intra- and inter-assay variation were less than 7%. Results were available within 4 h. Of the 105 nasopharyngeal samples, seven were culture positive and 23 were PCR positive for B. pertussis. All culture-positive samples were also PCR positive. Our single-tube triplex real-time PCR assay proved to be sensitive, specific and suitable for simultaneous detection and discrimination of B. pertussis and B. parapertussis. [source] Infection and fetal loss in the mid-second trimester of pregnancyAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 3 2010Ben ALLANSON Introduction:, Chorioamnionitis is a common cause of second trimester pregnancy loss, usually due to ascending infection. This study investigates the prevalence and bacteriology of chorioamnionitis in cases of spontaneous pregnancy loss in previable gestations (16,22 weeks). Methods:, Fetal losses between 16- and 22-week gestation were identified from the institutional database over a three-year period. Cases with an autopsy were identified, pathology reports reviewed, and maternal features noted (clinical symptoms, blood count and vaginal culture results). Second trimester medical termination for fetal abnormality during the same time period served as controls for the confounding influence of labour. Results:, A total of 101 cases of spontaneous non-anomalous non-macerated fetal losses and 103 control cases of induced loss for fetal anomaly were identified. Median gestation of cases was 19 weeks (interquartile range (IQR) 17, 21) and of controls was 20 weeks (IQR 19, 21). Maternal white cell count was higher in cases (median 13.6 IQR 10.8, 16.6) than in controls (9.9 IQR 7.6, 11.5) (P < 0.01). Seventy-eight (77.2%) of 101 cases and no controls had histological chorioamnionitis. A fetal reaction was identified in 48.7% of cases with chorioamnionitis, and the frequency of fetal reaction increased as gestation advanced (5.3% at 16-week gestation vs 33.3% at 22-week gestation). In cases with chorioamnionitis 36/76 (47.4%) were culture positive, whereas 4/25 (16%) without chorioamnionitis were culture positive. Conclusion:, In otherwise normal fetuses, chorioamnionitis is a common finding in mid-trimester pregnancy loss. Routine culture methods have a low sensitivity for isolation of the causative micro-organisms. This inflammatory process seems to predate the onset of labour and appears a primary mechanism in the aetiology of such losses. [source] Pooled faecal culture for the detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in goatsAUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 6 2007GJ Eamens Objective, To evaluate pooled faecal culture for herd diagnosis of caprine Johne's disease and relate these findings to faecal shedding rates of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (Map). Design, Radiometric broth culture was applied to several pooling dilutions, and shedding rates were estimated from a regression equation based on bacterial growth rates and known processing losses during radiometric culture. Procedure, Sixteen faecal samples from goats naturally infected with sheep (n = 3) or cattle (n = 13) strains of Map, were diluted in normal goat faeces from 1 in 5 to 1 in 50. Cultures were confirmed by IS900 polymerase chain reaction and restriction endonuclease analysis, and mycobactin dependency. The numbers of viable Map in the culture inocula were determined by endpoint titration (most probable number) of nine samples and related to a cumulative growth index. Results, A pooling dilution of 1 in 25 with an incubation period of 10 weeks detected 13 of 16 culture positive goats, all shedding , 2 × 104 Map per gram of faeces. Two samples containing very low numbers of Map (< 2 × 103/g) were only culture positive from undiluted faeces. Thirteen of 16 goats were considered to be shedding low to moderate concentrations of Map (< 2 × 105/g faeces). Conclusions, These data support a pooling dilution of 1 in 25 for application of pooled faecal culture as a diagnostic tool in caprine Johne's disease control. A test based on this dilution would reduce laboratory costs of whole herd testing in goats by approximately 40% relative to serology and 75 to 90% relative to individual faecal culture. [source] Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other predictors of mortality and morbidity in young children with cystic fibrosis,PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY, Issue 2 2002Julia Emerson MD Abstract We conducted a registry-based study to determine prognostic indicators of 8-year mortality and morbidity in young children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Patients ages 1,5 years from the 1990 U.S. Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (CFF) National Patient Registry served as the study cohort (N,=,3,323). Registry data provided information on baseline characteristics in 1990, 8-year mortality, and clinical outcomes in 1998. P. aeruginosa respiratory infection was found to be a major predictor of morbidity and mortality. The 8-year risk of death was 2.6 times higher in patients who had respiratory cultures positive for P. aeruginosa in 1990 (95% confidence interval 1.6, 4.1) than in children without P. aeruginosa in their respiratory cultures. Culture-positive patients in 1990 also had a significantly lower percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) and weight percentile at follow-up, and they had an increased risk of continued P. aeruginosa respiratory infection and hospitalization for acute respiratory exacerbation in 1998. Among the other predictors of increased morbidity and mortality were lower baseline weight percentiles and number of CF-related hospitalizations during the baseline year. These findings confirm reports from previous smaller studies of outcomes among young children with CF, and highlight the potential to decrease the morbidity and mortality of young patients with CF through early intervention. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002; 34:91,100. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Aspergillus Colonization of the Lung Allograft Is a Risk Factor for Bronchiolitis Obliterans SyndromeAMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 8 2009S. S. Weigt Multiple infections have been linked with the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) post-lung transplantation. Lung allograft airway colonization by Aspergillus species is common among lung transplant recipients. We hypothesized that Aspergillus colonization may promote the development of BOS and may decrease survival post-lung transplantation. We reviewed all lung transplant recipients transplanted in our center between January 2000 and June 2006. Bronchoscopy was performed according to a surveillance protocol and when clinically indicated. Aspergillus colonization was defined as a positive culture from bronchoalveolar lavage or two sputum cultures positive for the same Aspergillus species, in the absence of invasive pulmonary Aspergillosis. We found that Aspergillus colonization was strongly associated with BOS and BOS related mortality in Cox regression analyses. Aspergillus colonization typically preceded the development of BOS by a median of 261 days (95% CI 87,520). Furthermore, in a multivariate Cox regression model, Aspergillus colonization was a distinct risk factor for BOS, independent of acute rejection. These data suggest a potential causative role for Aspergillus colonization in the development of BOS post-lung transplantation and raise the possibility that strategies aimed to prevent Aspergillus colonization may help delay or reduce the incidence of BOS. [source] | ||||||||||