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Adult Periodontitis (adult + periodontitis)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences95%

Kinds of Adult Periodontitis

  • chronic adult periodontitis
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    Terms modified by Adult Periodontitis

  • adult periodontitis patient
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    Selected Abstracts

    Induction of immune responses and prevention of alveolar bone loss by intranasal administration of mice with Porphyromonas gingivalis fimbriae and recombinant cholera toxin B subunit

    MOLECULAR ORAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 6 2007
    Y. Takahashi
    Introduction:, Adult periodontitis is initiated by specific periodontal pathogens represented by Porphyromonas gingivalis; however, an effective measure for preventing the disease has not yet been established. In this study, the effectiveness of a vaccine composed of fimbriae of P. gingivalis and recombinant cholera toxin B subunit (rCTB) was evaluated using BALB/c mice. Methods:, Fimbriae and rCTB were co-administered intranasally to BALB/c mice on days 0, 14, 21, and 28. On day 35, mice were sacrificed to determine immunoglobulin levels in serum, saliva, and nasal and lung extracts by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The prevention effect of the vaccine on P. gingivalis -induced periodontitis in mice was evaluated by measuring alveolar bone loss. Results:, The rCTB significantly increased serum immunoglobulin (Ig)A levels when mice were administered with a minimal amount (0.5 ,g) of the fimbrial antigen. The adjuvant effect on serum IgG production was indistinct because the minimal amount of the antigen still induced a large amount of IgG. In contrast to systemic responses, a fimbria-specific secretory IgA response was strongly induced by co-administration of rCTB and 0.5 ,g fimbriae; the same amount of the antigen alone scarcely induced a response. Histopathological examination revealed IgA-positive plasma cells in the nasal mucosal tissue but no observable mast cells in the area. In addition, nasal administration of the fimbrial vaccine significantly protected the mice from P. gingivalis -mediated alveolar bone loss. Conclusion:, Nasal vaccination with a combination of fimbriae and rCTB can be an effective means of preventing P. gingivalis -mediated periodontitis. [source]

    Long-term effect of full-mouth tooth extraction on the responsiveness of peripheral blood monocytes

    JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 8 2003
    Schelte J. Fokkema
    Abstract Background: As some residual inflammation may remain after periodontal therapy, the present pilot study investigated the long-term effect of full-mouth tooth extraction therapy on the responsiveness of peripheral blood monocytes in a case with generalized terminal adult periodontitis. Methods: Before and 3, 9, 20 and 32 months after therapy, venous blood was collected. Total and differential white blood cell counts were determined and whole blood cell cultures (WBCC) were incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to stimulate the production of inflammatory mediators by monocytes. Results: After full-mouth tooth extraction, the numbers of total peripheral white blood cells and neutrophils decreased over time. The release of the chemokines interleukin (IL)-8 and macrophage chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 in the cultures decreased twofold over time, whereas no changes were seen for the other studied cytokines, chemokines and prostaglandin E2. Conclusion: On the basis of previous studies and the present case, the high production of IL-8 and MCP-1 by monocytes in LPS-stimulated WBCC from periodontitis patients is most likely acquired, as their levels decrease over time when the periodontal infection is controlled. The possible connection between periodontitis and atherosclerosis through IL-8 and MCP-1 is discussed. Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Da nach der parodontalen Therapie eine restliche Entzündung zurückbleiben kann, untersucht die vorliegende Studie den Langzeiteffekt einer vollständigen Zahnextraktion auf die Ansprechbarkeit der peripheren Blutmonozyten in einem Fall mit generalisierter unheilbarer Erwachsenen-Parodontitis. Methoden: Vor und 3, 9, 20 und 32 Monaten nach der Therapie wurde venöses Blut gesammelt. Der totale und differenzierte weiße Blutzellgehalt wurden bestimmt, und eine gesamte Blutzellkultur (WBCC) wurde mit Lipopolysaccharid inkubiert, um die Produktion von Entzündungsmediatoren durch Lymphozyten zu stimulieren. Ergebnisse: Nach der vollständigen Zahnextraktion verringerte sich die Zahl der totalen peripheren weißen Blutzellen und der Neutrophilen über die Zeit. Die Freisetzung des Chemokins Interleukin 8 (IL-8) und des Makrophagen chemoattraktanten Proteins (MCP) ,1 in den Kulturen verringerte sich zweifach über die Zeit, während für die anderen beobachteten Cytokine, Chemokine und Prostaglandin E2 keine Veränderungen festgestellt wurden. Schlussfolgerung: Auf der Basis vorheriger Studien und des vorliegenden Falls ist die hohe Produktion von IL-8 und MCP-1 durch Monozyten in LPS stimulierten WBCC von Parodontitis-Patienten sehr wahrscheinlich anzunehmen, da ihr Level über die Zeit abnimmt, wenn die parodontale Infektion kontrolliert ist. Die mögliche Verbindung zwischen Parodontitis und Arteriosklerose durch IL-8 und MCP-1 wird diskutiert. Résumé Contexte: Puisqu'après traitement parodontal, une inflammation résiduelle peut subsister, cette étude se propose de rechercher les effets à long terme de l'extraction complète des dents sur la réponse des monocytes périphériques dans un cas de parodontite de l'adulte terminale généralisée. Méthodes: Des prélèvements sanguins veineux ont été réalisés avant et 3, 9, 20 et 32 mois après traitement. Les comptages totaux et relatifs des cellules blanches sanguines furent déterminés et les cultures complètes de cellules sanguines (WBCC) furent incubées avec du lipopolysaccharide pour stimuler la production des médiateurs de l'inflammation par les monocytes. Résultats: Après l'extraction complète des dents, les nombres de cellules sanguines blanches totales périphériques et des neutrophiles diminuaient au cours du temps. Le relargage des chimiokines interleukine (IL)-8 et protéine chimio-attractante du macrophage (MCP)-1 dans les cultures diminuait deux fois au cours du temps, alors qu'aucun changement n'était observé pour les autres cytokines étudiées, chimiokines et prostaglandine E2. Conclusion: Sur la base d'études préalables, et les résultats issus de ce cas présent, la forte production d'IL-8 et de MCP-1 par les monocytes dans les WBCC stimulés par le LPS chez des patients atteints de parodontite semble être vraisemblablement acquise puisque leurs niveaux diminuent lorsque l'infection parodontale est contrôlée. La relation possible entre parodontite et l'athérosclérose par IL-8 et MCP-1 est discutée. [source]

    HHV-6, HHV-7, HHV-8 in gingival biopsies from chronic adult periodontitis patients

    JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 3 2003
    A case, control study
    Abstract Background: Recent reports have suggested that various herpesviruses may be involved in the occurrence and progression of different forms of periodontal disease. Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the presence of the novel herpesviruses HHV-6, HHV-7 and HHV-8 in gingival biopsies from patients affected by chronic adult periodontitis. As control, gingival biopsies from periodontally healthy subjects were analysed. Materials and methods: Gingival biopsies were harvested from 23 volunteers: 13 patients affected by chronic adult periodontitis (CAP) and 10 periodontally healthy subjects. Each CAP patient contributed two biopsies involving the epithelium and connective tissue facing the sulcus/periodontal pockets: one biopsy from a site having a probing pocket depth (PPD) 5 mm and presenting with bleeding upon probing (affected site) at the time of biopsy collection, and the other biopsy from a site with PPD3 mm and without bleeding on probing (nonaffected site). After DNA extraction, nested PCR was used in herpesvirus identification. Results: HHV-6 DNA sequences were detected in one non-affected site (8%) and no affected sites (0%) of CAP patients. One biopsy (10%) in healthy subjects revealed HHV-6 positivity. Tissue specimens in 10/13 CAP patients (77%) and 7/10 healthy subjects (70%) contained HHV-7 DNA. HHV-7 prevalence in affected and nonaffected sites of CAP patients was 77% and 54%, respectively. HHV-8 was detected in 7.7% of CAP patients and 0% of healthy subjects. Conclusions: Gingival tissue may act as a reservoir for HHV-7. A high prevalence of HHV-7 was detected in both periodontally diseased and healthy individuals. The prevalence of HHV-6 and -8 was similarly low in both groups. Our data do not support an association of investigated herpesvirus species with destructive periodontal disease. Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Kürzliche Studien haben angedeutet, dass verschiedene Herpesviren bei der Entstehung und Progression verschiedener Formen der parodontalen Erkrankungen involviert sein könnten. Ziel: Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die Untersuchung einer Präsenz von neuen Herpesviren HHV-6, HHV-7 und HHV-8 in gingivalen Biopsien von Patienten mit chronischer Erwachsenen-Parodontitis. Als Kontrollen dienten gingivale Biopsien von parodontal gesunden Personen. Material und Methoden: Gingivale Biopsien wurden von 23 Freiwilligen, 13 Patienten mit chronischer Erwachsenen-Parodontitis (CAP) und 10 parodontal gesunden Personen gesammelt. Von jedem CAP Patient wurden zwei Biopsien mit Epithel und Bindegewebe von der parodontalen Tasche genommen: eine Biopsie von einer Fläche mit einer Sondierungstiefe (PPD) , 5 mm und positiver Provokationsblutung (geschädigte Fläche) zur Zeit der Biopsieentnahme, die andere Biopsie von einer Fläche mit einer PPD , 3 mm und ohne Provokationsblutung (nicht geschädigte Fläche). Nach der DNA-Extraktion wurde die PCR zur Virusidentifikation benutzt. Ergebnisse: HHV-6 DNA-Sequenzen wurden in einer nicht geschädigten Fläche gefunden (8 %) und bei keiner geschädigten Fläche (0 %) von CAP-Patienten. Eine Biopsie (10 %) bei gesunden Personen war HHV-6 positiv. Gewebeproben von 10/13 CAP Patienten (77 %) und von 7/10 gesunden Personen (70 %) enthielten HHV-7 DNA. Die HHV-7 Prävalenz in geschädigten und nicht geschädigten Flächen von CAP Patienten war 77 % und 54 %. HHV-8 wurde in 7,7 % der CAP Patienten und bei 0 % der gesunden Personen gefunden. Zusammenfassung: Gingivales Gewebe kann als Reservoir für HHV-7 dienen. Eine hohe Prävalenz von HHV-7 wurde sowohl bei parodontal erkrankten als auch bei gesunden Personen gefunden. Das Vorkommen von HHV-6 und HHV-8 war in beiden Gruppen ähnlich. Unsere Daten unterstützen eine Beziehung der untersuchten Herpesviren mit destruierenden parodontalen Erkrankungen nicht. Résumé Des rapports récents ont suggéré que différents virus de l'herpès pouvaient être associés à l'apparition et la progression de différentes formes de la maladie parodontale. Le but de l'étude présente a été d'analyser la présence des virus herpétiques HHV-6, HHV-7 et HHV-8 dans des biopsies gingivales provenant de patients atteints de parodontite chronique de l'adulte. Comme contrôle, des biopsies gingivales de patients sains du point de vue parodontal ont été analysées. Des biopsies gingivales ont été prélevées de 23 volontaires, 13 souffrant de parodontite chronique (CAP) et 10 sains. Chaque patient CAP procuraient deux biopsies comprenant l'épithélium et le tissu conjonctif en face des poches parodontales/sillons : une biopsie provenant d'un site avec une profondeur de poche au sondage (PPD) 5mm et présentant un saignement au sondage (site touché) au moment du prélèvement de la biopsie, l'autre biopsie provenait d'un site avec PPD 3 mm sans saignement au sondage (site sain). Après extraction de l'ADN le PCR a été utilisé pour l'identification des virus herpétiques. Des séquences ADN HHV-6 ont été détectées dans un site sain (8%) mais dans aucun site touché (0%) chez les patients CAP. Une biopsie (10%) chez les sujets sains était HHV-6 positive. Les spécimens tissulaires de dix des treize patients CAP (77%) et sept des dix patients sains (70%) avaient de l'ADNHHV-7. La fréquence globale de HHV-7 dans les sites sains et touchés des patients CAP étaient respectivement de 77 et 54 %. HHV-8 était détecté chez 7,7 % des patients CAP et 0% des patients sains. Le tissu gingival peut servir de réservoir au HHV-7. Une importante fréquence globale de HHV-7 était détectée tant chez les individus sains que chez ceux avec parodontite. La fréquence globale de HHV-6 et HHV-8 était pareillement faible dans les deux groupes. Ces données ne défendent pas la thèse d'une association des virus herpétiques étudiés à la maladie parodontale destructrice. [source]

    Effect of an enamel matrix protein derivative (Emdogain®) on ex vivo dental plaque vitality

    JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 11 2001
    Anton Sculean
    Abstract Background: A common clinical observation following surgical periodontal therapy with an enamel matrix derivative (Emdogain®) is the improved healing of the soft tissues and the limited inflammation of the operated areas. These clinical observations are empirical and difficult to explain. One of the factors influencing the early wound healing might be a potential antimicrobial effect of Emdogain®. Aim: To investigate the effect of Emdogain® on the vitality of ex vivo supragingival dental plaque and to compare this effect to that of a standard 0.2% chlorhexidine solution. Materials and Methods: 24 patients suffering from adult periodontitis were included in the study. At the beginning of the experiment, all participants were given a professional tooth cleaning. For the following 4 days, they had to refrain from any kind of oral hygiene measures. At day 5, from each of the volunteers, a voluminous plaque biofilm sample was taken with a sterile curette from the vestibular surfaces of the 1st lower molars and divided into 5 equal parts. Each part was mounted with 5 ,l of the following solutions: (1) NaCl, (2) enamel matrix derivative dissolved in water (EMD), (3) enamel matrix derivative dissolved in the vehicle (Emdogain®), (4) vehicle (propylene glycol alginate, PGA), (5) 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX). After a reaction time of 2 min the test solutions were sucked off, and subsequently the biofilm was stained with a fluorescence dye. The vitality of the plaque flora after the treatments was evaluated under the fluorescence microscope (VF%). Results: Plaque samples treated with NaCl showed a mean vitality of 76.8±8%. The EMD, Emdogain®, PGA and CHX showed VF values of 54.4±9.2, 21.4±10.6%, 19.6±11.6% and 32.3±11.8%, respectively. Emdogain®, PGA and CHX showed statistically highly significant reductions (p<0.0001) in terms of bacteria vitality when compared to water (negative control) and EMD. Both Emdogain® and PGA were found to be statistically significantly different compared to CHX (p<0.001) (positive control). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that Emdogain® might have an antibacterial effect on the vitality of the ex vivo supragingival dental plaque flora. Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Eine allgemeine klinische Beobachtung nach parodontalchirurgischer Therapie mit einem Schmelzmatrixderivat (Emdogain®) ist die verbesserte Heilung des Weichgewebes und die begrenzte Entzündung des operierten Gebietes: Diese klinischen Beobachtungen sind empirisch und schwierig zu erklären. Ein Faktor, der die frühe Wundheilung beeinflusst, könnte ein potentieller antimikrobieller Effekt von Emdogain® sein. Ziel: Untersuchung des Effektes von Emdogain® auf die Vitalität von ex vivo supragingivaler dentaler Plaque und Vergleich dieses Effektes zu demjenigen einer Standard 0.2%igen Chlorhexidinlösung. Material und Methoden: 24 Patienten, die an einer Erwachsenen-Parodontitis litten, wurden in diese Studie aufgenommen. Zu Beginn der Studie wurde bei allen Teilnehmern eine professionelle Zahnreinigung durchgeführt. An den folgenden 4 Tagen wurden keine oralen Hygienemaßnahmen erlaubt. Am Tag 5 wurde von jedem Teilnehmer eine voluminöse Plaquebiofilmprobe mit einer sterilen Kürette von der vestibulären Oberfläche des ersten unteren Molaren genommen und in 5 gleiche Teile aufgeteilt. Jeder Teil wurde mit 5 ,l der folgenden Lösungen gemischt: (1) NaCl, (2) Schmelzmatrixderivat in Wasser gelöst (EMD), (3) Schmelzmatrixderivat in einem Vehikel gelöst (Emdogain®), (4) Vehikel (Propylenglycolalginat, PGA), (5) 0.2%iges Chlorhexidindiglukonat (CHX). Nach einer Reaktionszeit von 2 Minuten wurden die Testlösungen aufgesaugt und folgend der Biofilm mit Fluoreszenzfarbstoff gefärbt. Die Vitalität der Plaqueflora nach den Behandlungen wurde unter dem Vitalfluoreszenzmikroskop (VF%) evaluiert. Ergebnisse: Die Plaqueproben, die mit NaCl behandelt wurden, zeigten eine mittlere Vitalität von 76.8±8%. Das EMD, Emdogain®, PGA und CHX zeigten VF Werte von 54.4±9.2%, 21.4±10.6%, 19.6±11.6% und 32.3±11.8%. Emdogain®, PGA und CHX zeigten statistisch signifikant höhere Reduktionen (p<0.0001) in Beziehung zur bakteriellen Vitalität, wenn zu Wasser (negative Kontrolle) und EMD verglichen wurde. Sowohl Emdogain® und PGA waren statistisch signifikant unterschiedlich zu CHX (p<0.0001) (positive Kontrolle). Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie zeigten, dass Emdogain® einen antibakteriellen Effekt auf die Vitalität von supragingivaler dentaler ex vivo Plaqueflora haben könnte. Résumé Origine: Une observation clinique courante durant un traitement parodontal chirurgical à l'aide de protéines de la matrice améllaire (Emdogain®) est une meilleure guérison des tissus mous et une inflammation moindre. Ces observations cliniques sont empiriques et difficiles à expliquer. Un des facteurs influençant la guérison précoce peut être un effet antimicrobien de l'EMD. But: Le but de cette étude a été d'évaluer l'effet de l'Emdogain® sur la vitalité de la plaque dentaire sus-gingivale ex vivo et de comparer cet effet avec une solution de chlorhexidine 2%. Matériaux et Méthodes: 24 patients souffrant de parodontite de l'adulte ont été inclus dans cette étude. Au début de l'expérience, tous les participants ont recu un nettoyage dentaire professionnel. Pendant les 4 journées suivantes, ils ont dû arrêté toute hygiène buccale. Au jour 5, une quantité de plaque dentaire volumineuse a étééchantillonné des surfaces vestibulaires des premières molaires inférieures de chaque volontaire à l'aide d'une curette stérile et divisée en 5 parts égales. Chaque partie a été montée avec 5 ,l des solutions suivantes: (1) NaCl, (2) EMD: dérivé de la matrice améllaire dissout dans l'eau (3) Emdogain®: dérivé de la matrice améllaire dissout dans son véhicule, (4) PGA: le véhicule propylène glycol alginate, (5) CHX: chlorhexidine 0.2%. Après un temps de réaction de 2 min, les solutions tests ont été aspirées et le biofilm dentaire a été imprégné d'un colorant de fluorescence. La vitalité de la flore de la plaque dentaire après ces traitements a étéévaluée sous microscopie à fluorescence (VF%). Résultats: Les échantillons de plaque traités avec NaCl possèdaient une vitalité moyenne de 76.8±8%. L'EMD, Emdogain®, PGA, et CHX avaient des valeurs VF respectives de 54.4±9.2%, 21.4±10.6%, 19.6±11.6% et 32.3±11.8%. Emdogain®, PGA, et CHX réduisaient la vitalité bactérienne de manière très hautement significative (p<0.0001) lorsque ces solutions étaient comparées aux contrôle négatif NaCl et à EMD. Tant Emdogain® que PGa étaient différents comparés au contrôle positif CHX (p<0.001). Conclusions: Les résultats de cette étude indiquent que Emdogain® pourrait avoir un effet antibactérien sur la vitalité de la flore se trouvant dant la plaque dentaire sus-gingivale ex vivo. [source]

    Changes in subgingival microflora and humoral immune response following periodontal therapy

    JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 8 2001
    I. B. Darby
    Abstract Objectives: To investigate the effect of scaling and root planing (SRP) on the microflora and humoral immune response in adult periodontitis. Materials & Methods: Clinical measurements, subgingival plaque samples, gingival crevicular fluid and sera were taken from 4 sites in 28 adult periodontitis patients before and after SRP. Polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis,B. forsythus, P. intermedia, and T. denticola. ELISA was used to investigate the systemic and local antibody titres to these organisms, and thiocyanate dissociation for the determination of serum antibody avidity. Results: SRP produced a good clinical improvement. On a subject basis there was little significant change in the microflora. However, on a site basis, there were significant reductions in P. intermedia, B. forsythus and T. denticola. There was little change in systemic and local antibody titres following SRP, although there was a significant reduction in antibody avidity to P. gingivalis and P. intermedia Conclusion: Post-therapy clinical improvement was associated with a reduction in bacterial prevalence, but statistical significance was only reached at a site level and this microbial reduction was not significant for all organisms. No significant post-therapy effects on the humoral immune response were noted other than a reduced antibody avidity to P. gingivalis and P. intermedia. The lack of a clear pattern in the humoral immune response may reflect a failure of the host response to produce adequate levels of biologically functional antibodies, and complex interactions between the subgingival flora and the host response. Zusammenfassung Ziele: Untersuchung des Effektes von Scaling und Wurzelglättung (SRP) auf die Mikroflora und menschliche Immunantwort bei der Erwachsenen-Parodontitis. Material und Methoden: Klinische Messungen, subgingivale Plaqueproben, gingivale Sulkusflüssigkeit und Serum wurden von 4 Flächen bei 28 Patienten mit Erwachsenen-Parodontitis vor und nach SRP aufgenommen. Die Polymerase-Ketten-Reaktion wurde genutzt, um die Präsenz von A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, B. forsythus, P. intermedia und T. denticola zu bestimmen. ELISA wurde für die Bestimmung der systemischen und lokalen Antikörpertiter gegen diese Organismen genutzt. Die Thiocyanat-Dissoziation wurde für die Bestimmung der Serumantikörperaktivitart genutzt. Ergebnisse: SRP erbrachte eine gute klinische Verbesserung. Auf der Basis der Person gab es eine geringe signifikante Veränderung der Mikroflora. Jedoch gab es auf der Basis der Fläche eine signifikante Reduktion von P. intermedia, B. forsythus und T. denticola. Geringe Veränderungen in den systemischen und lokalen Antikörpertitern in der Folge von SRP waren zu beobachten, obwohl eine signifkante Reduktion der Antikörperaktivität zu P. gingivalis und P. intermedia vorhanden war. Schlußfolgerung: Die posttherapeutischen klinischen Verbesserungen waren mit einer Reduktion der bakteriellen Prävalenz verbunden, die statistische Signifikanz wurde aber nur auf der Basis der Fläche erreicht, und diese mikrobielle Reduktion war nicht signifikant für alle Organismen. Keine signifikanten posttherapeutischen Effekte auf die menschliche Immunantwort wurden außer einer reduzierten Antikörperaktivität zu P. gingivalis und P. intermedia beobachtet. Der Mangel in einem klaren Muster in der menschlichen Immunantwort könnte einen Fehler in der Wirtsantwort zur Produktion adäquater Level von biologisch funktionellen Antikörpern und komplexen Interaktionen zwischen der subgingivalen Flora und der Wirtsantwort reflektieren. Résumé But: L'objectif de cette étude est de rechercher les effets du détartrage et du surfaçage radiculaire (SRP) sur la microflore et la réponse immunitaire humorale chez des patients atteints de parodontite de l'adulte. Méthodes: Les mesures cliniques, les échantillons de plaque sous-gingivale, le fluide gingivale et le serum ont été prélevés sur 4 sites chez 28 patients atteints de parodontite de l'adulte avant et après SRP. La réaction de polymérase en chaine a été utilisé pour déterminer la présence de Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bacteroides forsythus, Prevotella intermedia et Treponema denticola. Le test ELISA a été utilisé pour rechercher les titres d'anticorps locaux et systèmiques vis à vis de ces organismes, et la dissociation au thiocyanate a été utilisée pour la détermination de l'avidité des anticorps sériques. Résultats: SRP entrainait une bonne amélioration clinique. Individuellement par patient, il y avait peu de modifications de la microflore. Cependant, en ce qui concerne les sites, il y avait des réductions significatives de Prevotella intermedia, Bacteroides forsythus et Treponema denticola. Il y avait peu de changements pour les titres d'anticorps systèmiques et locaux suite au SRP, bien que l'on observait une réduction significative de l'avidité des anticorps envers Porphyromonas gingivalis et Prevotella intermedia. Conclusions: L'amélioration clinique consécutive au traitement était associée avec une réduction de la prévalence bactérienne, mais une signification statistique n'était obtenue que pour les sites, et cette réduction microbienne n'était pas significative pour tous les organismes. Suite au traitement, aucun effet significatif sur la réponse immunitaire humorale n'était mis en évidence, en dehors de la diminution de l'avidité des anticorps vis à vis de Porphyromonas gingivalis et Prevotella intermedia. L'absence de caractéristiques nettes de la réponse immunitaire humorale pourrait reflèter l'échec de la réponse de l'hôte à produire des niveaux suffisants d'anticorps biologiquement fonctionnels, et également les interactions complexes entre la flore sous-gingivale et cette réponse de l'hôte. [source]

    The effect of periodontal treatment on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

    JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 4 2001
    James E. Stewart
    Abstract Background, aims: This study was designed to explore the effect of periodontal therapy on glycemic control in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: 36 patients with type 2 DM (treatment group) received therapy for adult periodontitis during an 18-month period. A 36-person control group was randomly selected from the same population of persons with type 2 DM who did not receive periodontal treatment. Results: These groups were well matched for most of the parameters investigated. During the nine-month observation period, there was a 6.7% improvement in glycemic control in the control group when compared to a 17.1% improvement in the treatment group, a statistically significant difference. Several parameters that could confound or moderate this glycemic control were explored. These included the treatment of non-dental infections, weight and medication changes. No moderating effect was associated with any of these variables. However, there were too few subjects in the study to have the statistical power necessary to assess these possible moderators of glycemic control. Conclusions: We interpret the data in the study to suggest that periodontal therapy was associated with improved glycemic control in persons with type 2 DM. Zusammenfassung Zielsetzung: Untersuchung der Wirkung parodontaler Therapie auf die Blutzuckerkontrolle bei Patienten mit Typ-2-Diabetes mellitus (DM2). Material und Methoden: 260 Patienten, die am Veteranenhospital in Los Angeles ambulant wegen Diabetes mellitus betreut wurden, wurde eine zahnmedizinische Behandlung empfohlen und angeboten. Von den 92 DM2-Patienten, die dieses Angebot wahrnahmen, wurden 36 Patienten, die an Erwachsenenparodontitis litten, parodontal behandelt: Wurzelglättung, subgingivale Kürettage, Extraktionen (Testgruppe). Von den DM2-Patienten, die keine Parodontalbehandlung durchführen ließen, wurde eine Kontrollgruppe mit 36 Personen gebildet. Die Blutzuckerkontrolle wurde in der Testgruppe vor Therapie und 10 Monate später über den arameter Hämoglobin A1C (HbA1C) bestimmt. In der Kontrollgruppe lagen 8,10 Monate zwischen den HbA1C -Untersuchungszeitpunkten. Ergebnisse: Beide Gruppen entsprachen einander sehr gut für die meisten untersuchten Parameter. Während der Beobachtungszeit von 9 Monaten verbesserte sich die Blutzuckerkontrolle in der Kontrolgruppe um 6.7% und in der Testgruppe um 17.1% (p=0.02). Verschiedene Parameter, die die Kontrolle des Blutzuckerspiegels beeinflussen könnten, wurden untersucht (z.B. nicht-dentale Infektionen, Veränderungen des Körpergewichtes oder der Medikation). Es konnte kein Einfluß dieser Faktoren gefunden werden. Allerdings ist die Stichprobe zu klein, um diese Aussage mit genügender Teststärke treffen zu können. Schlußfolgerungen: Parodontale Therapie der Erwachsenenparodontitis ist mit einer verbesserten Blutzuckerkontrolle bei DM2-Patienten assoziiert. Résumé Cette étude a été réalisée pour examiner les effets du traitement parodontal chez des personnes atteintes de diabète mellitus type 2 (DM). 36 patients atteints de DM type 2 (groupe traitement) furent traités pour une partodontite de l'adulte pendant une période de 18 mois. Un groupe contrôle de 36 personnes fut sélectionnê au hasard à partir de la même population (DM) mais sans recevoir de traitement parodontal. Ces groupes furent comparés entre eux pour la plupart des paramètres examinés. Pendant la période d'observation de 9 mois, il y avait une amélioration de 6.7% du controle de la glycémie dans le groupe contrôle comparéà une amélioration de 17.1% pour le groupe traité, cette différence étant statistiquement significative. Plusieurs paramètres comme le traitement d'infections non dentaires et les changements de poids et de prescription, qui auraient pu moduler le controle de la glycémie ont été explorés. Aucun effect de modulation ne put être associé avec aucune de ces variables. Cependant, il y avait trop peu de sujets inclus dans l'étude pour permettre un pouvoir statistique nécessaire pour préciser ces possibles modulateurs du contróle de la glycémie. Nous interprétons les données de l'étude pour suggérer que le traitement paradontal est associéà une amélioration de la glycémie chez les personnes atteintes de diabéte mellitus type 2. [source]

    Pocket elimination surgery with simultaneous connective tissue graft.

    JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 4 2001
    A case report with 3-year follow-up
    Abstract Background, aims: The purpose of the present case report was to present 2 ways of treating recession in a periodontal patient combined with regular pocket elimination surgery. The techniques used enabled the operator to reduce the number of surgical sessions and clinically evaluate the 3-year coverage of gingival recessions using a subpedicle connective tissue graft. Methods: Surgery consisted of pocket elimination procedures to treat adult periodontitis as a way to harvest connective tissue to be placed in the areas of recession. The grafted tissue was covered by the primary flap or left uncovered in a pouch, according to 2 different techniques described in the literature. Results: In this case, we observed that, with this approach, we were successful in reducing the number of surgical session as well as achieving objective and subjective goals of therapy in treated areas. Zusammenfassung Mit der Präsentation dieses Fallberichtes sollen 2 Methoden zur Rezessionsdeckung bei Parodontitispatienten in Kombination mit chirurgischer Taschenelimination vorgestellt werden. Die Anwendung dieser Methoden machte es möglich, die Zahl der operativen Eingriffe zu reduzieren. Die klinische Rezessionsdeckung durch subepitheliale Bindegewebstransplantate wurde über 3 jahre nachverfolgt. Die parodontalchirurgische Therapie bestand aus einem Verfahren zur Taschenelimination (distale Keilexzion, apikaler Verschiebelappen bei Mobilisation eines Spaltlappens) bei der Behandlung von Erwachsenenparodontitis. Dabei wurden Bindegewebstransplantate gewonnen, die zur Rezessionsdeckung genutzt werden konnten. Die Transplantate wurden entweder mit einem Lappen gedeckt (nach Harris modifizierte Langer-Technik) oder ungedeckt in einer Tasche ("Envelope"-Technik) belassen. In dem präsentierten Fall konnten die Zahl der operativen Eingriffe gesenkt und dabei objektive und subjektive Therapieziele erreicht werden. Résumé L'intérèt de ce rapport de cas est de présenter 2 façons de traiter des récessions chez un patient atteint de maladie parodontale en association avec une chirurgie normale d'élimination des poches. Les techniques utilisées permettent à l'opérateur de réduire le nombre de temps opératoires et nous évaluons cliniquement le recouvrement sur 3 ans des récessions gingivales en utilisant une greffe de tissus conjonctif sous pédiculée. La chirurgie consiste à utiliser les procédures d'élimination des poches, pour traiter la parodontite de l'adulte, comme moyens de prélever du tissus conjonctif qui sera placé sur les zones de récessions. Le tissus greffé est recouvert par le lambeau primaire ou laisséà découvert dans une enveloppe, selon 2 differentes techniques décrites dans la litterature. Dans ce cas, nous avons observé que, avec cette approche, nous réduisions avec succés le nombre de temps opératoires et que nos objectifs de traitement objectifs et subjectifs étaient atteints dans les zones traitées. [source]

    Some local and systemic immunological features of prepubertal periodontitis

    JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 2 2001
    T. Berglundh
    Abstract Objectives: The aim of the present investigation was to study local (gingival) and systemic host defense characteristics in a sample of children exhibiting local prepubertal periodontitis (LPP). Material and methods: 2 groups of subjects were included in the present study. One group consisted of 11 children (9.5±2.0 years) with signs of periodontal disease (LPP group). A 2nd group comprised 21 adults (48.1±5.8 years) with advanced periodontal disease: adult periodontitis (AP) group. Gingival biopsies and a sample of peripheral blood were obtained in each individual of the AP group and in 7 out of the 11 subjects in the LPP group. The biopsies were prepared for morphometrical and immunohistochemical analysis and the blood samples prepared for immunohistochemical analysis. Results: The cellular infiltrates in the biopsies of the LPP group contained a larger proportion of lymphocytes and, in particular B cells, than was the case in the AP group. The TCR V,/V, gene expression in the lesions in the AP group was dominated by V, 17 and in the LPP group by V, 2. The content in peripheral blood of various lymphocyte sub-populations and TCR V,/V, gene expression in the 2 groups was almost similar. Conclusion: It is suggested that (i) the systemic host response in children with prepubertal periodontitis has many features in common with that seen in adult patients but that (ii) local defense mechanisms in the periodontitis lesion of LPP differ from those in adult periodontitis. [source]

    Microbial composition of supra- and subgingival plaque in subjects with adult periodontitis

    JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 10 2000
    Laurie Ann Ximénez-Fyvie
    Abstract Background, aims: The purpose of the present study was to compare and relate the microbial composition of supra and subgingival plaque in 23 adult periodontitis subjects (mean age 51±14 years). Methods: A total of 1,170 samples of supra and subgingival plaque were collected from the mesial aspect of every tooth (up to 28 supra and 28 subgingival samples) from each subject and evaluated for the presence and levels of 40 bacterial taxa using whole genomic DNA probes and checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Clinical assessments including dichotomous measures of gingival redness, bleeding on probing, plaque accumulation and suppuration, as well as duplicate measures of pocket depth and attachment level, were made at 6 sites per tooth. The counts (levels), % DNA probe count (proportion) and % of sites colonized (prevalence) of each species in supra and separately in subgingival plaque were computed for each subject. Significance of differences between supra and subgingival plaque for each species was sought using the Wilcoxon signed ranks test and adjusted for multiple comparisons. Results: All 40 taxa were detected in both supra and subgingival plaque. Actinomyces species were the most prevalent taxa in both habitats. 75 to 100% of supra and 62 to 100% of subgingival sites were colonized by at least one of the 5 Actinomyces species. Supragingival samples exhibited significantly higher counts of Actinomyces naeslundii genospecies 1, Actinomyces israelii, Actinomyces odontolyticus, Neisseria mucosa, Streptococcus gordonii, Capnocytophaga ochracea and Capnocytophaga sputigena when compared with mean counts in subgingival samples taken from the same tooth surfaces. Subgingival plaque samples presented significantly higher counts of Prevotella nigrescens, Prevotella intermedia, Bacteroides forsythus and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Subgingival samples exhibited a significantly higher proportion of "red" and "orange complex" species, while supragingival plaque exhibited higher proportions of "green" and "purple" complex species as well as Actinomyces species. Suspected periodontal pathogens could be detected in supragingival plaque from sites where subgingival samples were negative for the same species. Conclusions: The data indicate that supragingival plaque can harbor putative periodontal pathogens, suggesting a possible rôle of this environment as a reservoir of such species for the spread or reinfection of subgingival sites. [source]

    Antimicrobial resistance in the subgingival microflora in patients with adult periodontitis

    JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 2 2000
    A comparison between The Netherlands, Spain
    Abstract Background: The widespread use of antibiotics for prophylaxis and treatment of bacterial infections has lead to the emergence of resistant human pathogens. Great differences have been documented between European countries in the use of systemic antibiotics. In parallel, significant differences in levels of resistant pathogens have been documented. Aim: To investigate whether differences in antibiotic use influence the level of antimicrobial resistance of the subgingival microflora of untreated patients with adult periodontitis in The Netherlands and Spain. Method: Blood agar plates containing breakpoint concentrations of penicillin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin and clavunalate, metronidazole, erythromycin, azithromycin, clindamycin and tetracycline were used to determine the proportion of bacteria from the subgingival plaque that was resistant to these antibiotics. In the Spanish patients, statistically significant higher mean levels of resistance were found for penicillin, amoxicillin, metronidazole, clindamycin and tetracycline. The mean number of different bacterial species growing on the selective plates was higher in the Spanish patients, as was the % of resistant strains of most periodontal pathogens. A striking difference was observed in the frequency of occurrence of tetracycline-resistant periodontal pathogens. In Spain, 5 patients had 3 tetracycline resistant periodontal pathogens, whereas this was not observed in any of the Dutch patients. Conclusions: The widespread use of antibiotics in Spain is reflected in the level of resistance of the subgingival microflora of adult patients with periodontitis. [source]

    Selective inhibition of Porphyromonas gingivalis growth by a factor Xa inhibitor, DX-9065a

    JOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 3 2006
    Kenji Matsushita
    Background:,Porphyromonas gingivalis is a causative bacterium of adult periodontitis. However, there is no drug specific for P. gingivalis and for its virulence factor. Objectives:, The objective of this study was to examine the effects of a new selective inhibitor of activated factor X, DX-9065a, on growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis and other periodontopathic bacteria. Methods:, We incubated P. gingivalis and other periodontopathic bacteria in the presence or absence of DX-9065a and examined the effect of DX-9065a on bacterial growth and trypsin-like activity in its cultures. We also examined the effects of DX9065a on amidolytic activity of purified trypsin-like proteinases (gingipains RgpA and RgpB), from P. gingivalis and on trypsin-like activity in gingival crevicular fluids from patients with adult periodontitis. Results:, DX-9065a selectively inhibited the growth of P. gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia, and its effect on P. gingivalis was bactericidal. Trypsin-like proteinase activity was detected in P. gingivalis, and the activity was strongly inhibited by DX-9065a. DX-9065a even inhibited amidolytic activity of RgpA and RgpB from P. gingivalis. Furthermore, trypsin-like proteinase activity in gingival crevicular fluids was strongly inhibited by DX-9065a. Conclusions:, DX-9065a inhibits P. gingivalis growth in part through to its ability to inhibit the trypsin-like proteinase activity in P. gingivalis and may be useful for a new drug for treatment of adult periodontitis. [source]

    Effects of sub-antimicrobial dose doxycycline therapy on crevicular fluid MMP-8, and gingival tissue MMP-9, TIMP-1 and IL-6 levels in chronic periodontitis

    JOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 1 2004
    Dong-Hoon Choi
    Objective:, To investigate whether sub-antimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD) therapy for 120 d in chronic adult periodontitis patients had significant effects on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) levels, and on gingival tissue MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. Background:, Tetracycline can significantly inhibit MMP activity in GCF and in gingival tissue, even in much lower dosage then a traditional antimicrobial dosage used in conventional therapy. Sub-antimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD) therapy has been shown to reduce periodontal disease activity to control MMP and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Methods:, A total of 32 patients with incipient to moderate (probing pocket depth ,,4,7 mm) chronic adult periodontitis were included in the study. Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups. After scaling and root planning (SRP), the SRP + SDD group received SDD, 20 mg bid, whereas the SRP + placebo group received placebo, 20 mg bid. In the follow-up, efficacy measures included the change in probing pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP) and gingival crevicular fluid MMP-8 levels, gingival tissue MMP-9, TIMP-1 and IL-6 levels from baseline to 120 d. Results:, After 120 d, PD and CAL improved significantly in the SRP + SDD group. Initial MMP-8 levels for the SRP + SDD group and the SRP + placebo group were 407.13 ± 114.45 ng/ml and 378.71 ± 189.39 ng/ml, respectively, with no statistical difference between the two groups. MMP-8 levels for the SRP + SDD group and the SRP + placebo group were: 235.35 ± 134.58 ng/ml and 364.04 ± 219.27 ng/ml at 30 d; 157.50 ± 95.95 ng/ml and 236.60 ± 186.16 ng/ml at 60 d; 102.70 ± 67.64 ng/ml and 208.56 ± 124.54 ng/ml at 90 d; and 63.77 ± 53.33 ng/ml and 229.13 ± 168.09 ng/ml at 120 d, respectively. The amount of decrease in MMP-8 levels for the SRP + SDD group was statistically significant compared to that for the SRP + placebo group, especially apparent at 120 d (p < 0.05). TIMP-1 levels in both groups increased from the baseline to 120 d with statistical significance (p -value < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups. Changes in MMP-9 and IL-6 levels were not statistically significant. Conclusion:, Adjunctive SDD therapy can improve the clinical parameters and this clinical improvement is reflected by controlled level of MMP-8 in chronic adult periodontitis after the therapy. [source]

    Immunohistochemical analysis of Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles and androgen receptor expression in the pathogenesis of nifedipine-induced gingival overgrowth

    JOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 4 2003
    W-T. Huang
    Background:, Numerous studies have demonstrated that gingival overgrowth may be associated with androgen and cytokine expression in tissues. Objectives:, The aim of this study was to compare the expression of androgen receptor-presenting cells (AR+ cells) and Th1/Th2 cytokine [Th1: interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-, (IFN-,); Th2: IL-4, IL-10, IL-13] expression cells in tissue sections of patients with gingival overgrowth. Materials and methods:, Tissue samples were collected from patients with healthy periodontium (H group), adult periodontitis (P group), surgically extracted teeth (S group), and nifedipine-induced gingival overgrowth (NIGO group). The clinical periodontal parameters of pocket depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and plaque control record (PCR) were measured around selected sample teeth. Gingival biopsies were further processed by immunohistochemical staining method. The expressions of cells positive for AR, IL-2, IFN-,, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 were counted by predetermined semiquantitative methods. Results:, Our results indicated that AR, IL-2, IFN-,, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 were intensively expressed in the nuclei of inflammatory cells and fibroblasts of gingival connective tissue. Stronger expressions of AR, IL-2, and IFN-, were found in the NIGO group. The AR+ cells/0.01 mm2 in gingival fibroblasts were significantly higher in the NIGO group (80.2 ± 10.7) than those of the periodontitis group (52.5 ± 11.8) and control group (37.4 ± 11.3) (P < 0.05). The cytokine expression of the NIGO group showed a trend towards Th1-type expression (IL-2; P = 0.0001). In the surgically extracted tooth group, a stronger expression of Th2-type cytokine (IL-4, Il-10, IL-13; P < 0.05) was found in inflammatory cells. In a comparison of the IL-2/IL-4-labeled cell ratio of the four groups, a descending sequence was discovered as NIGO group (0.92 ± 0.97) > H group (0.81 ± 0.61) > P group (0.77 ± 0.82) > S group (0.58 ± 1.77). Conclusions:, Our data support the following: (i) taking nifedipine may elevate the expression of AR in susceptible oral tissue, e.g. gingiva; (ii) the cytokine profile of T-cells in NIGO tissue indicates a trend preferentially towards Th1 activity; and (iii) elevation of AR expression cells and prominent Th1 cytokine-labeled cells are two significant factors in the pathogenesis of NIGO. [source]

    Prostaglandin E2 secretion from gingival fibroblasts treated with interleukin-1,: effects of lipid extracts from Porphyromonas gingivalis or calculus

    JOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 3 2001
    Frank C. Nichols
    Complex lipids of Porphyromonas gingivalis have been identified in lipid extracts from calculus-contaminated root surfaces and in diseased gingival tissues. However, little is known about the biological effects of these complex lipids on host cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of P. gingivalis or calculus lipids on prostaglandin secretion from gingival fibroblasts. Lipids were extracted from paired subgingival plaque and teeth samples, and calculus-contaminated root surfaces before and after scaling and root planing, in order to determine the relevant levels of lipid extracts for the treatment of gingival fibroblasts in culture. Primary cultures of gingival fibroblasts were exposed to lipid extracts from either P. gingivalis or calculus/teeth for a period of 7 days. Control and lipid-treated cultures were exposed to human recombinant interleukin-1, for 48 h and prostaglandin secretion from interleukin-1,-treated fibroblasts was compared with control and lipid-treated fibroblasts without interleukin-1, treatment. These experiments demonstrated that P. gingivalis lipids or calculus-tooth lipids potentiate interleukin-1,-mediated prostaglandin secretory responses from gingival fibroblasts. Additionally, P. gingivalis or calculus-tooth lipid extracts were readily taken up by gingival fibroblasts as measured by bacterial fatty acid recovery in lipid extracts of cultured fibroblasts. These results indicate that bacterial lipid penetration into gingival tissues in combination with a chronic inflammatory response may substantially potentiate prostaglandin secretion from gingival fibroblasts, thereby promoting tissue destructive processes associated with adult periodontitis. [source]

    The RprY response regulator of Porphyromonas gingivalis

    MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 4 2007
    Ana E. Duran-Pinedo
    Summary Porphyromonas gingivalis is a Gram-negative oral anaerobe associated with chronic adult periodontitis. Its ecological niche is the gingival crevice, where the organism adapts to the challenges of the infectious process such as host defence and bacterial products. Bacterial responses to environmental changes are partly regulated by two-component signal transduction systems. Several intact systems were annotated in the genome of P. gingivalis, as well as an orphan regulator encoding a homologue of RprY, a response regulator from Bacteroides fragilis. With the goal of defining the environmental cues that activate RprY in P. gingivalis, we used several strategies to identify its regulon. Results from gene expression and DNA,protein binding assays identified target genes that were either involved in transport functions or associated with oxidative stress, and indicated that RprY can act as an activator and a repressor. RprY positively activated the primary sodium pump, NADH : ubiquinone oxidoreductase (NQR), and RprY protein also interacted with the promoter regions of nqrA genes from B. fragilis and Vibrio cholerae. Given that gingival bleeding and infiltration of host defence cells are symptoms of periodontal infection, iron products released from blood and reactive oxygen species from polymorphonuclear leucocytes may be potential inducers of the RprY regulon. [source]

    Tannerella forsythia infection-induced calvarial bone and soft tissue transcriptional profiles

    MOLECULAR ORAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 5 2010
    V. Bakthavatchalu
    Summary Tannerella forsythia is associated with subgingival biofilms in adult periodontitis, although the molecular mechanisms contributing to chronic inflammation and loss of periodontal bone remain unclear. We examined changes in the host transcriptional profiles during a T. forsythia infection using a murine calvarial model of inflammation and bone resorption. Tannerella forsythia was injected into the subcutaneous soft tissue over calvariae of BALB/c mice for 3 days, after which the soft tissues and calvarial bones were excised. RNA was isolated and Murine GeneChip® (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA) array analysis of transcript profiles showed that 3226 genes were differentially expressed in the infected soft tissues (P < 0.05) and 2586 genes were differentially transcribed in calvarial bones after infection. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of transcription levels of selected genes corresponded well with the microarray results. Biological pathways significantly impacted by T. forsythia infection in calvarial bone and soft tissue included leukocyte transendothelial migration, cell adhesion molecules (immune system), extracellular matrix,receptor interaction, adherens junction, and antigen processing and presentation. Histologic examination revealed intense inflammation and increased osteoclasts in calvariae compared with controls. In conclusion, localized T. forsythia infection differentially induces transcription of a broad array of host genes, and the profiles differ between inflamed soft tissues and calvarial bone. [source]

    Molecular characterization of Treponema denticola infection-induced bone and soft tissue transcriptional profiles

    MOLECULAR ORAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 4 2010
    V. Bakthavatchalu
    Summary Treponema denticola is associated with subgingival biofilms in adult periodontitis and with acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. However, the molecular mechanisms by which T. denticola impacts periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone resorption remain unclear. Here, we examined changes in the host transcriptional profiles during a T. denticola infection using a murine calvarial model of inflammation and bone resorption. T. denticola was injected into the subcutaneous soft tissue over the calvaria of BALB/c mice for 3 days, after which the soft tissues and the calvarial bones were excised. RNA was isolated and analysed for transcript profiling using Murine GeneChip® arrays. Following T. denticola infection, 2905 and 1234 genes in the infected calvarial bones and soft tissues, respectively, were differentially expressed (P , 0.05). Biological pathways significantly impacted by T. denticola infection in calvarial bone and calvarial tissue included leukocyte transendothelial migration, cell adhesion (immune system) molecules, cell cycle, extracellular matrix,receptor interaction, focal adhesion, B-cell receptor signaling and transforming growth factor-, signaling pathways resulting in proinflammatory, chemotactic effects, and T-cell stimulation. In conclusion, localized T. denticola infection differentially induces transcription of a broad array of host genes, the profiles of which differed between inflamed calvarial bone and soft tissues. [source]

    Omega-3 fatty acid regulates inflammatory cytokine/mediator messenger RNA expression in Porphyromonas gingivalis -induced experimental periodontal disease

    MOLECULAR ORAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 4 2007
    L. Kesavalu
    Introduction:,Porphyromonas gingivalis is strongly implicated in the etiology of adult periodontitis by inducing inflammatory cytokines, resulting in gingival and periodontal tissue inflammation and alveolar bone resorption. This study tested the hypothesis that supplementing the diet with omega-3 fatty acid (,-3 FA; i.e. fish oil) would exert anti-inflammatory effects in the gingival tissues of P. gingivalis -infected rats. Methods:, Rats were fed either fish oil or corn oil diets ad libitum for 22 weeks and infected with P. gingivalis strain 381 or strain A7A1-28. After sacrifice, rat gingival tissues were excised and the RNA was isolated and analyzed for proinflammatory mediators [interleukin-1, (IL-1,), tumor necrosis factor-, (TNF-,), IL-6], T helper type 1 and type 2 cytokines [interferon-, (IFN-,), IL-4, IL-10), antioxidant enzymes [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD)], and genes critical for eicosanoid mediator production [cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO)] by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using rat-specific primers. Results:, Rats on the ,-3 FA diet exhibited decreased proinflammatory cytokine gene expression (IL-1,, TNF-,) and enhanced IFN-,, CAT and SOD messenger RNA expression compared to rats fed a corn oil diet, supporting a diet-induced modulation of host inflammatory reactions. Analyses of alveolar bone resorption in the rats related to gene expression profiles demonstrated significant positive correlations with IL-1,, IL-6 and COX-2 and negative correlations with CAT and SOD. Conclusion:, These findings suggest that diets enriched for ,-3 FA modulate the local gingival inflammatory milieu of the host following oral P. gingivalis infection, which impacts on alveolar bone resorption in rats. [source]

    Comparison of inflammatory changes caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis with distinct fimA genotypes in a mouse abscess model

    MOLECULAR ORAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 3 2004
    K. Nakano
    The fimA gene of Porphyromonas gingivalis, encoding fimbrillin (a subunit protein of fimbriae) has been classified into six genotypes (types I,V and Ib). The genotypic variation was previously suggested to be related to the severity of adult periodontitis in the general population. In this study, we compared inflammatory changes caused by bacterial infection to study pathogenic heterogeneity among the different fimA strains in a mouse abscess model. Bacterial suspensions of 13 P. gingivalis strains representing the six fimA types were subcutaneously injected into female BALB/c mice, and serum sialic acid concentrations were assayed as a quantitative host inflammatory parameter. Type II fimA organisms caused the most significant induction of serum sialic acid, as well as other infectious symptoms, followed by types Ib, IV and V. In contrast, types I and III caused weak inflammatory changes. In addition, fimA mutants of type II strains clearly lost their infectious ability. These findings suggest that fimA genotypic variation affects expression of P. gingivalis virulence. [source]

    Characterization of two outer membrane protein antigens of Porphyromonas gingivalis that are protective in a murine lesion model

    MOLECULAR ORAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 1 2004
    B. C. Ross
    Porphyromonas gingivalis is a key periodontal pathogen that has been implicated in the aetiology of chronic adult periodontitis. The aim of this study was to characterize two potential vaccine candidates (PG32 and PG33) identified from a previous genomic sequence analysis. Gene knockout studies suggested that these proteins play an important role in bacterial growth and are transcriptionally linked. Analysis of 14 laboratory and clinical isolates of P. gingivalis found that in all strains, both genes were present with a high level of conservation and that the two proteins were also expressed in vitro. Truncated recombinant PG32 and PG33 proteins were produced in Escherichia coli in an attempt to increase the solubility of the proteins while retaining their native conformation. While most of the truncated proteins remained insoluble, two truncated proteins showed good solubility and high levels of protection in the P. gingivalis murine lesion model and may be considered as potential vaccine candidates for further testing in models of human periodontal disease. [source]

    Acquisition of iron from human transferrin by Porphyromonas gingivalis: a role for Arg- and Lys-gingipain activities

    MOLECULAR ORAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 2 2001
    V. Brochu
    Porphyromonas gingivalis, a key causative agent of adult periodontitis, is known to produce a variety of virulence factors including proteases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the participation of Arg- and Lys-gingipain activities of P. gingivalis in the acquisition of iron from human transferrin and its subsequent utilization in growth. Iron-saturated transferrin was found to support the long-term growth of P. gingivalis. Our results indicated that P. gingivalis does not produce siderophore and does not possess ferric reductase and transferrin-binding activities. Incubating transferrin with P. gingivalis resulted in degradation of the protein, a step that may be critical for the acquisition of iron from transferrin. Spontaneous and site-directed mutants of P. gingivalis deficient in one or several proteases were used to demonstrate the key role of specific enzymes in degradation of transferrin and subsequent utilization for growth. The lack of both Arg- and Lys-gingipain activities (mutants M1 and KDP128) was associated with an absence of degradation of transferrin and the incapacity of bacteria to grow in the presence of transferrin as the sole source of iron. It was also found that the Lys-gingipain activity is more critical than the Arg-gingipain activity since the mutant KDP112 (deficient in Arg-gingipain A and B) could grow whereas the mutant KDP129 (deficient in Lys-gingipain) could not. The fact that growth of mutant KDP112 was associated with a lower final optical density and a generation time much longer compared with the parent strain suggests that the Arg-gingipain activity also participates in the acquisition of iron from transferrin. Selected inhibitors of cysteine proteases (TLCK, leupeptin and cathepsin B inhibitor II) were tested for their capacity to reduce or inhibit the growth of P. gingivalis under different iron conditions. All three inhibitors were found to completely inhibit growth of strain ATCC 33277 in a medium supplemented with transferrin as the source of iron. The inhibitors had no effects when the bacteria were grown in a medium containing hemin instead of transferrin. The ability of P. gingivalis to cleave transferrin may be an important mechanism for the acquisition of iron from this protein during periodontitis. [source]

    Lipid peroxidation caused by oxygen radicals from Fusobacterium -stimulated neutrophils as a possible model for the emergence of periodontitis

    ORAL DISEASES, Issue 1 2001
    M Sheikhi
    OBJECTIVE: The possible contribution of bacteria and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) to the disease process of periodontitis was evaluated. DESIGN: Fusobacterium nucleatum has been associated with chronic adult periodontitis. Intracellular production and extracellular release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by PMN stimulated by fusobacteria were evaluated. To estimate the potential extracellular damage that might be caused by the ROS, the lipid peroxidation (LPO) of an exogenous phospholipid, Intralipid, was assayed. METHODS: The ROS production of PMN was studied by the nitroblue tetrazolium and chemiluminescence tests. The levels of malonaldehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxyalkenals were used to indicate LPO. RESULTS: Fusobacterium nucleatum strains stimulated neutrophils to produce a large amount of ROS, independently of plasma complement factors. The two strains tested induced considerable intracellular, but no extracellular chemiluminescence responses during the first hour, indicating that ROS were released into phagosomes. However an incubation period of 4 h, in the presence of the extracellular lipid resulted in a high degree of LPO, presumably caused by ROS release from the Fusobacterium -stimulated PMN. ROS production and lipid peroxidation could be counteracted by vitamin E. CONCLUSION: In periodontitis local bacteria might stimulate PMN to release ROS, which cause inflammation and destruction. [source]