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Adjustment Speeds (adjustment + speed)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting100%

Selected Abstracts

Further Evidence on PPP Adjustment Speeds: the Case of Effective Real Exchange Rates and the EMS,

OXFORD BULLETIN OF ECONOMICS & STATISTICS, Issue 4 2003
Ivan Paya
Abstract Two different approaches intend to resolve the ,puzzling' slow convergence to purchasing power parity (PPP) reported in the literature [see Rogoff (1996), Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 34.] On the one hand, there are models that consider a non-linear adjustment of real exchange rate to PPP induced by transaction costs. Such costs imply the presence of a certain transaction band where adjustment is too costly to be undertaken. On the other hand, there are models that relax the ,classical' PPP assumption of constant equilibrium real exchange rates. A prominent theory put together by Balassa (1964, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 72) and Samuelson (1964 Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 46), the BS effect, suggests that a non-constant real exchange rate equilibrium is induced by different productivity growth rates between countries. This paper reconciles those two approaches by considering an exponential smooth transition-in-deviation non-linear adjustment mechanism towards non-constant equilibrium real exchange rates within the EMS (European Monetary System) and effective rates. The equilibrium is proxied, in a theoretically appealing manner, using deterministic trends and the relative price of non-tradables to proxy for BS effects. The empirical results provide further support for the hypothesis that real exchange rates are well described by symmetric, nonlinear processes. Furthermore, the half-life of shocks in such models is found to be dramatically shorter than that obtained in linear models. [source]

Purchasing Power Parity Adjustment Speeds in High Frequency Data when the Equilibrium Real Exchange Rate is Proxied by a Deterministic Trend

THE MANCHESTER SCHOOL, Issue 2003
Ivan Paya
Rogoff suggested in 1996 that the dollar,yen real exchange rate represented a ,canonical' case of a trend in the equilibrium real exchange rate. The implied speed of adjustment of the dollar,yen real exchange rate is found to be substantially faster, with half-life shocks of less than 2 years, from estimates of a non-linear model which incorporates a deterministic trend proxying the equilibrium level. We also examine the power of unit root tests against smooth transition non-linear models which incorporate a deterministic trend and the robustness of such non-linear estimations using Monte Carlo and bootstrap simulations. [source]

Smooth Transition Models and Arbitrage Consistency

ECONOMICA, Issue 287 2005
David A. Peel
Slow adjustment of real exchange rate towards equilibrium in linear models has long puzzled researchers, stimulating the adoption of nonlinear models. The exponential smooth transition model has been particularly successful, providing faster adjustment speeds. This paper discusses some of its theoretical limitations, for example that expectations are adaptive. We propose a new nonlinear model conceptually superior to the ESTAR model since it is consistent with rational expectations. One of its advantages is that it can be solved and estimated by nonlinear least squares. Using monthly post-1973 real exchange rate data, we show that the model implies even faster speeds of adjustment. [source]

Is Price in Hong Kong That Flexible?

ASIAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, Issue 2 2002
Evidence from the Export Sector
Using the Johansen procedure, this paper estimates and compares the adjustment speeds of Hong Kong's export volume and export price. Result of this will have profound implications on the debate of the appropriateness of Hong Kong's current exchange-rate system. Two cointegrating vectors were found in our system, with one postulating the export volume equation and another postulating the export price equation. It was found that export volume will adjust relatively fast to shocks in the export volume equation, and that export price will adjust relatively slow to shocks in the export volume equation. On the other hand, export volume will be insensitive, and export price will adjust at moderate speed, to disequilibrium in the export price equation. Based on the estimated model, we also conducted simulation exercises to highlight the impacts of the appreciation of the US Dollar and the reduction in world demand on Hong Kong's export volume during the crisis and post-crisis periods. [source]