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Adequate Evaluation (adequate + evaluation)
Selected AbstractsROCK-SURFACE TEMPERATURES OF BASALT IN THE DRAKENSBERG ALPINE ENVIRONMENT, LESOTHOGEOGRAFISKA ANNALER SERIES A: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, Issue 3 2007STEFAN GRAB ABSTRACT. Rock temperature data are presented for a variety of topographic localities at a high Drakensberg site. The objective is to investigate the spatiotemporal variations of surface rock temperatures in high Drakensberg basalt. The temperature results are then used to discuss possible implications for thermal stress fatigue and frost-induced weathering. TinytalkÔ data loggers and probes were used for rock-surface temperature recording. Long-term measurements were recorded over 12 months from May 2002 to April 2003, at a 1-hour logging interval and rock depth of 1 cm for a highaltitude (3300 m a.s.l.) interfluve and fracture site. Whilst the north-facing rock surface experiences negligible hours below ,3°C, the south-facing rock surface and interfluve sites are subjected to considerable periods below ,3°C, which falls within the ,frost cracking window'. It is concluded that the substantial contrasts of recorded rock thermal parameters over small spatial scales between various topographic settings, highlight that site-specific measurements across the broader scale are required for an adequate evaluation of regional weathering and its associated landform development. [source] Development of Doctrine, or Denial?INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY, Issue 2 2009Balthasar's Holy Saturday, Newman's Essay Edward Oakes generalized Newman's seven tests for doctrinal development as ,internal logic' and ,developmental consistency'. Using this reduction, he claimed Newman's support for Balthasar's theology of Christ's descent into hell. In fairness to Newman and for a more adequate evaluation of Balthasar, I let Newman speak for himself. His norms are applied to both the traditional doctrine and Balthasar's. Since Balthasar's lacks all seven, it follows it is not a development of doctrine, but a corruption. Oakes' other arguments insufficiently counterbalance this deduction, while the traditional doctrine offers insights into the questions of pluralism and the salvation of the non-baptized. [source] Childhood obesity: political developments in Europe and related perspectives for future action on preventionOBESITY REVIEWS, Issue 1 2008D. Fussenegger Summary The dramatically increasing prevalence of obesity, especially among children, has become a major public health problem in Europe. In reaction to this alarming trend, a series of initiatives and actions has been launched in recent years. As the potential impact of these activities is widely unknown so far, we underline the need for adequate evaluation of these measures. The aim of this paper is to report the latest developments in the fight against obesity at different political levels across Europe, with special attention to the major results of the recent World Health Organization European Ministerial Conference on Counteracting Obesity. In accordance with the main principles of the European Charter on Counteracting Obesity adopted at the meeting, immediate action should be taken now by implementing the few available schemes with proven effectiveness. Finally, given the lack of appropriate evaluation, we consider it particularly important to establish national research centres to collect country-specific data that are to be evaluated together by a central European administration department. Based on the results of such a comprehensive data pool, concrete strategies could be developed for future policy building. [source] A prospective evaluation of occult disorders in obstructed defecation using the ,iceberg diagram'COLORECTAL DISEASE, Issue 9 2006M. Pescatori Abstract Objective, Surgical treatment of constipation and obstructed defecation (OD) carries frequent recurrences, as OD is an ,iceberg syndrome' characterized by ,underwater rocks' or occult diseases which may affect the outcome of surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate occult disorders in order to alert the clinician of these and minimize failures. Method, One hundred consecutive constipated patients with OD symptoms, 81 female patients, median age 52 years, underwent perineal examination, proctoscopy, anorectal manometry, and anal/vaginal ultrasound. Anorectal physiology and imaging tests were also carried out when indicated, as well as psychological and urogynaecological consultation. Symptoms were graded using a modified 1,20 constipation score. Both evident (e.g. rectocele) and occult (e.g. anismus) diseases were prospectively evaluated using a novel ,iceberg diagram'. The type of treatment, whether conservative or surgical, was also recorded. Results, Fifty-four (54%) patients had both mucosal prolapse and rectocele. All patients had at least two occult OD-related diseases, 66 patients had at least three: anxiety-depression, anismus and rectal hyposensation were the most frequent (66%, 44% and 33% respectively). The median constipation score was 11 (range 2,20), the median number of ,occult disorders' was 5 (range 2,8). Conservative treatment was carried out in most patients. Surgery was carried out in 14 (14%) patients. Conclusion, The novel ,iceberg diagram' allowed the adequate evaluation of OD-related occult diseases and better selection of patients for treatment. Most were managed conservatively, and only a minority were treated by surgery. [source] | |||||||||||||