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Adaptive Learning Process (adaptive + learning_process)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	50%

Selected Abstracts

Risk-learning process in forming willingness-to-pay for egg safety

AGRIBUSINESS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, Issue 2 2004
Atsushi Maruyama
Using data obtained from a mail survey on consumers' willingness-to-pay (WTP) and risk beliefs for reducing the risk of salmonella contamination of eggs, we have examined the risk-learning process through which individuals form their WTP. The results of estimation of the WTP function support the hypothesis that respondents follow an adaptive learning process, in which they establish their posterior risk belief in a rational manner by adapting their prior risk belief as they are supplied with new risk information. We find that the weight of the prior risk belief is slightly smaller than that of new risk information in forming the posterior risk belief for three out of four estimation models. Knowledge of how consumers form their risk beliefs and who evaluates egg safety enables us to clearly specify targets for effective campaigns to enhance public awareness at a household level about health and food safety issues. [EconLit citations: D120, Q260.] © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Agribusiness 20: 167,179, 2004. [source]

Adaptation and Organizational Connectedness in Corporate Radical Innovation Programs,

THE JOURNAL OF PRODUCT INNOVATION MANAGEMENT, Issue 5 2009
Donna Kelley
This research examines how established companies organize programs for fostering technology-based radical innovation. It addresses conflicts revealed in the innovation literature concerning the appropriate design of the strategic, structural, and process components of these programs. In developing innovation strategies, managers must balance the desire for strategic clarity with the need to allow for creativity and exploration. They must structure programs that ensure innovations benefit from the organization's resources while minimizing the numerous constraints that can impede these unconventional activities. Additionally, though they may favor management processes that provide accountability and effective resource allocation, managers must also ensure these do not restrict the flexibility required for successful innovation. The study is a longitudinal, comparative case analysis of interviews with managers involved in innovation programs in 12 industry-leading multinational corporations. Site visits at each company were followed by biannual interviews with key managers in each company. A total of 81 follow-up interviews were conducted over a three-year period. These interviews were aimed at identifying the changes and progress in the programs over time and internal and external impacts on the organization's innovation activity. The analysis reveals (1) distinct but evolving objectives that maintain a logical strategic connection, (2) adaptive structures that shift and transform but preserve relationships with the broader organization, and (3) flexible processes that are understandable beyond the innovation program and are modifiable, both for the context and in response to learning over time. This suggests that programs introducing high uncertainty and risk into mature corporate environments are highly flexible systems that maintain organizational connectedness as they evolve. For academics, this implies a need to understand the evolution of innovation programs as an adaptive learning process that, regardless of form and purpose, preserves its connection to the traditional organization. For practitioners, it highlights the importance of considering the process, strategic, and structural connections to the broader organization when designing innovation programs and suggests the need for feedback mechanisms to help adapt these elements over time. [source]

Strategies for the capture and transport of bonefish, Albula vulpes, from tidal creeks to a marine research laboratory for long-term holding

AQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 13 2009
Karen J Murchie
Abstract Throughout their circumtropical distribution, bonefish (Albula spp.) play a vital role in local economies as a highly prized sport fish. Recent interest in stock enhancement to sustain bonefish fisheries has led to the recognition that there currently are no data on how to live capture large numbers of adults (potential broodstock), transport them to captive facilities and how to handle them to ensure high survival. The objective of this study was to develop strategies for the capture and relocation of wild bonefish to a marine research holding facility to enable basic research and explore the potential for culturing bonefish for stock enhancement. Bonefish Albula vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758) were captured as they entered or left tidal creeks on Eleuthera, The Bahamas using seine nets and then transported by boat or truck to the laboratory. The relocation process evoked secondary stress responses at the metabolic, osmoregulatory and haematological levels as indicated by changes in blood glucose, lactate, haematocrit and ion values, relative to control fish. Physical and behavioural disturbances were also observed in bonefish that were unable to acclimate to laboratory conditions. Successful laboratory acclimation and long-term holding of wild bonefish was achieved through an adaptive learning process, whereby we identified a series of strategies and handling techniques to facilitate the acclimation of wild adult bonefish to captivity. This knowledge will enable future laboratory research on bonefish and is a prerequisite to the culture of this highly prized sport fish, and other sub-tropical and tropical marine species. [source]

Learning to Cooperate: Learning Networks and the Problem of Altruism

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE, Issue 3 2009
John T. Scholz
We explore how two populations learn to cooperate with each other in the absence of institutional support. Individuals play iterated prisoner's dilemmas with the other population, but learn about successful strategies from their own population. Our agent-based evolutionary models reconfirm that cooperation can emerge rapidly as long as payoffs provide a selective advantage for nice, retaliatory strategies like tit-for-tat, although attainable levels of cooperation are limited by the persistence of nonretaliatory altruists. Learning processes that adopt the current best response strategy do well only when initial conditions are very favorable to cooperation, while more adaptive learning processes can achieve high levels of cooperation under a wider range of initial conditions. When combined with adaptive learning, populations having larger, better connected learning relationships outperform populations with smaller, less connected ones. Clustered relationships can also enhance cooperation, particularly in these smaller, less connected populations. [source]