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Selected AbstractsQuality of life for patients with a personality disorder , comparison of patients in two settings: an English special hospital and a Dutch TBS clinicCRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR AND MENTAL HEALTH, Issue 3 2001Dr Mark Swinton Consultant Forensic Psychiatrist Introduction There are differing approaches to the management of people with a severe personality disorder in the UK and The Netherlands. Few comparative studies exist. This study describes the use of an adapted version of the Lancashire Quality of life profile as a patient based-outcome measure. Method A cross-sectional sample of 37 patients was interviewed at each site. Result Patients in the Dutch service reported a significantly higher quality of life which could not be explained by better objective circumstances. Discussion The data collected do not explain why the Dutch patients reported a higher quality of life. It is suggested that this finding was related to more extensive therapeutic activity and greater therapeutic optimism in the Dutch service. There is a need for critical scrutiny of the appropriateness of quality of life measures in offender patients before they are accepted for use as an outcome measure. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd. [source] Why that, in that language, right now?INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED LINGUISTICS, Issue 3 2005Code-switching, pedagogical focus Dil de,i,imi; s,n,f içi etkile,im; diyalog çözümlemesi; ,ngilizce'nin yabanc, dil olarak okutuldu,u s,n,flar; ikinci yabanc, dil edinimi The study depicts the relationship between pedagogical focus and language choice in the language teaching/learning environment of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) at a Turkish university. The article presents the organisation of code-switching which is teacher-initiated and ,teacher-induced'. The data were collected from six beginner-level English classrooms. Transcripts of the lessons were examined using the conversation analysis (CA) method of sequential analysis in relation to the pedagogical focus, applying an adapted version of the classic CA question for interaction involving code-switching: "why that, in that language, right now?" The study demonstrates that code-switching in L2 classrooms is orderly and related to the evolution of pedagogical focus and sequence. Through their language choice, learners may display their alignment or misalignment with the teacher's pedagogical focus. Bu akademik çal,,ma, yabanc, dil olarak ,ngilizce eǧitim ve öǧretim veren bir Türk üniversitesi'ndeki eǧitsel (pedagojik) amaç ile dil seçimi aras,ndaki ili,kiyi incelemektedir. Dil deǧi,iminin (ayn, diyalog süresince birden fazla dilin kullan,lmas,) organizasyonunu öǧretmen-giri,imli ve öǧretmen-te,vikli (öǧretmenin bir ,ngilizce kelimenin Türkçe kar,,l,ǧ,n, sormas,) olarak aç,klanm,,t,r. Bu ara,t,rma için veriler s,n,f gözlemi metoduyla toplanm,,t,r. Bu metot 6 adet ba,lang,ç düzeyi ,ngilizce s,n,f,n,n ders kay,tlar,n,n sesli ve görüntülü toplanmas,yla yürütülmüttür. S,n,f içi diyalog döküman, diyalog çözümleme metodunun ard,,,k analiz yöntemine dayanarak diyalog çözümleme metodundaki klasik ,neden böyle?' ve ,neden ,imdi?' sorular,n,n öǧretmen-öǧrenci diyaloǧundaki dil deǧi,imine uyacak ,ekilde ,neden böyle?', ,neden bu dilde?' ve ,neden ,imdi?' olarak deǧi,tirilmi,tir. Bu ara,t,rma yabanc, dil s,n,flar,ndaki dil deǧi,iminin eǧitsel amaçlara baǧl, olarak deǧi,en kurall, bir yap,da olduǧunu ortaya koymaktad,r. Dil seçimleriyle öǧrenciler, öǧretmenin belirlediǧi eǧitsel amaca kat,l,p kat,lmad,klar,n, göstermektedirler. [source] Exploring the nutrition and lifestyle knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of student home economics teachers: baseline findings from a 4-year longitudinal studyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONSUMER STUDIES, Issue 4 2008Mary Isobelle Mullaney Abstract It is widely acknowledged that obesity linked with reduced exercise contributes to health problems, and that, conversely, individuals who embark on weight reducing diets may become deficient in key nutrients. It is often advocated that these problems, which can be grouped together as poor dietary practice, be tackled through education. This study attempts to examine the relationship between nutrition education and lifestyle behaviours in a select group of third level students. The Irish Home Economics curriculum aims to teach secondary school pupils about nutrition and lifestyle practices conducive to health. However, the attitudes and lifestyle practices of those teaching this subject have never been examined in Ireland. The purpose of the present 4-year longitudinal study, whose first year findings are presented here, is to investigate the nutrition and lifestyle knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of a cohort of Irish student home economics teachers over the 4 years of their Bachelor of Education (Home Economics) degree course. The study was designed to explore possible changes in knowledge, attitudes and practices over the course of their professional education. Nutritional knowledge was measured using a 220-question adapted version of the test devised by Parmenter and Wardle. Attitudes were measured using a questionnaire adapted from the Pan-EU Survey on Consumer Attitudes to Physical Activity, Body-weight and Health. Food, alcohol consumption and exercise were measured using a 7-day reported dietary/exercise diary. Nutrient intake data were determined using dietary analysis. Weight, height and waist circumference were measured and body mass index (BMI) calculated. When starting college, student home economics teachers have broadly similar anthropometric, dietary and lifestyle characteristics to those of their contemporaries. Mean BMI was identical [24.4 kg/m2 (SD 4.3)] to that reported in the North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey (NSIFCS) for those aged 18,35 years, although energy intakes were significantly higher in the cohort of student teachers (P = 0.000). Thirty-eight per cent were overweight or obese vs. 33.6% in the NSIFCS. Only 17% (n = 6) of students achieved an intake of 300 µg/day of folate as recommended by the Food Safety Authority of Ireland and only one the recommended intake of non-starch polysaccharides (18 g/day). One in three students in this study smoke (16 of 48) and alcohol consumption was high. Only one student was very active. Students scored a mean of 55% (SD 8%) on the knowledge test, with similar scores attained for specific aspects of nutritional knowledge (i.e. food groups, constituents of foods, current dietary advice, nutrients, lifestyle practices). However, knowledge of nutrition definitions was weaker with a mean score of 31% (SD 8.6%). Students had a positive attitude towards food choice, the link between food and health and control over their own diet. Similar attitudes towards exercise, smoking and alcohol consumption were displayed despite students perceiving themselves as not having a balanced diet, having insufficient exercise and having regretted something done as a result of consuming alcohol. They appear to display optimistic bias in relation to health risks. These findings provide baseline data for the longitudinal study and indicate that those choosing to pursue a career as a home economics teacher in Ireland have similar nutritional and lifestyle characteristics to those of their contemporaries. [source] Minimizing shell-and-tube heat exchanger cost with genetic algorithms and considering maintenanceINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH, Issue 9 2007Philippe Wildi-Tremblay Abstract This paper presents a procedure for minimizing the cost of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger based on genetic algorithms (GA). The global cost includes the operating cost (pumping power) and the initial cost expressed in terms of annuities. Eleven design variables associated with shell-and-tube heat exchanger geometries are considered: tube pitch, tube layout patterns, number of tube passes, baffle spacing at the centre, baffle spacing at the inlet and outlet, baffle cut, tube-to-baffle diametrical clearance, shell-to-baffle diametrical clearance, tube bundle outer diameter, shell diameter, and tube outer diameter. Evaluations of the heat exchangers performances are based on an adapted version of the Bell,Delaware method. Pressure drops constraints are included in the procedure. Reliability and maintenance due to fouling are taken into account by restraining the coefficient of increase of surface into a given interval. Two case studies are presented. Results show that the procedure can properly and rapidly identify the optimal design for a specified heat transfer process. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Optimization of strong and weak coordinatesINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY, Issue 12 2006Marcel Swart Abstract We present a new scheme for the geometry optimization of equilibrium and transition state structures that can be used for both strong and weak coordinates. We use a screening function that depends on atom-pair distances to differentiate strong coordinates from weak coordinates. This differentiation significantly accelerates the optimization of these coordinates, and thus of the overall geometry. An adapted version of the delocalized coordinates setup is used to generate automatically a set of internal coordinates that is shown to perform well for the geometry optimization of systems with weak and strong coordinates. For the Baker test set of 30 molecules, we need only 173 geometry cycles with PW91/TZ2P calculations, which compares well with the best previous attempts reported in literature. For the localization of transition state structures, we generate the initial Hessian matrix, using appropriate force constants from a database. In this way, one avoids the explicit computation of the Hessian matrix. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006 [source] Estimation of variance components due to imprinting effects with DFREML and VCE: results of a simulation studyJOURNAL OF ANIMAL BREEDING AND GENETICS, Issue 1 2002A. ESSL Treating gametes as homozygous diploid individuals, TIER and SÖLKNER (Theor. Appl. Genet. 85: 868,872, 1993) proposed a method which manages the use of available computer programs with a common animal model to estimate variance components caused by imprinting effects. Despite some relevant model restrictions, this approach has already been used in some field data analyses by an adapted version of the widely used DFREML computer program, subsequently indicated by DFREMLa. The main objective of this study was to ascertain the properties of DFREMLa by computer simulation and to examine other alternative estimation approaches. The most important results may be summarized as follows: (1) Treating gametes as homozygous diploid individuals has the consequence that one-half of the actually realized gametic effect is totally abstracted in variance component estimation. Thus, an additional adjustment of the phenotypic variance calculated by DFREMLa is necessary to get correct values of estimated variance component ratios. (2) Adjusted DFREMLa estimates yielded correct results when animals were unselected and only maternal or paternal imprinting (not both simultaneously) occurred. (3) When the model did not adequately account for the additive genetic component within a maternal lineage, significant upward biases for the cytoplasmic component were observed. (4) The use of a simple dam and sire model with appropriate relationship matrices can be recommended when only the difference of maternal and paternal imprinting effects is of primary interest and the covariance between maternal halfsibs is not substantially increased by common environmental effects. (5) An adequate estimation of variance components for all possible imprinting situations requires the use of an animal model augmented by both maternal and paternal gametic effects. Unfortunately, a computer program on the basis of such a model does not yet exist. Schätzung von Varianzkomponenten für Imprintingeffekte mittels DFREML und VCE: Ergebnisse einer Simulationsstudie TIER and SÖLKNER (Theor. Appl. Genet. 85: 868,872, 1993) schlugen eine Methode zur Schätzung von imprintingbedingten Varianzkomponenten vor, die mit einem einfach zu adaptierenden Computerprogramm auf der Basis eines üblichen Tiermodells vorgenommen werden kann, indem sie Gameten wie homozygot diploide Individuen behandelten. Obwohl dieser Ansatz einige praxisrelevante Einschränkungen hat, wurde er bereits bei einigen Felddatenanalysen verwendet. Für diesen Zweck wurde eine entsprechend adaptierte Version des häufig verwendeten Computerprogrammes DFREML eingesetzt, die im folgenden mit DFREMLa bezeichnet wird. Das Ziel der vorliegen Untersuchung lag darin, die Eigenschaften von DFREMLa bei verschiedenen Imprintingsituationen zu überprüfen und weiters die Brauchbarkeit anderer möglicher Schätzansätze zu überprüfen. (1) Werden Gameten wie diploide homozygote Individuen aufgefaßt, dann geht bei der Schätzung von Varianzkomponenten mit DFREMLa eine Hälfte des tatsächlich wirksamen Gameteneffektes völlig verloren. Das heißt, die von DFREMLa ausgewiesenen Ergebnisse müssen nachträglich entsprechend adjustiert werden, um korrekte Schätzergebnisse für alle jene Quotienten von Varianzkomponenten zu erhalten, bei denen die gesamte phänotypische Varianz im Nenner steht. (2) Die adjustierten DFREMLa Schätzwerte lieferten in all jenen Fällen korrekte Ergebnisse, wo keine Selektion der Tiere erfolgte und entweder nur maternales oder paternales Imprinting (nicht beide gleichzeitig) auftrat. (3) Alle Modelle, bei denen die additiv genetische Komponente innerhalb einer Kuhfamilie keine adäquate Berücksichtigung fand, führten zu einer systematischen Überschätzung der zytoplasmatischen Varianzkomponente. (4) Ist nur jene Varianzkomponente von Interesse, die durch unterschiedlich starkes maternales bzw. paternales Imprinting erklärt werden kann, dann kann auch die Verwendung einfacher Vater-bzw. Muttermodelle empfohlen werden. Voraussetzung hierfür ist allerdings, daß die Kovarianz zwischen mütterlichen Halbgeschwistern durch keine gemeinsame Umwelt erhöht ist. (5) Eine für alle Imprintingsituationen problemadäquate Schätzung von Varianzkomponenten verlangt die Anwendung eines Tiermodelles, erweitert um beide imprintingbedingten Gameteneffekte. Leider fehlt gegenwärtig hierfür noch ein entsprechendes Computerprogramm. [source] Using Patterns of Summed Scores in Paper-and-Pencil Tests and Computer-Adaptive Tests to Detect Misfitting Item Score PatternsJOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT, Issue 2 2004Rob R. Meijer Two new methods have been proposed to determine unexpected sum scores on sub-tests (testlets) both for paper-and-pencil tests and computer adaptive tests. A method based on a conservative bound using the hypergeometric distribution, denoted p, was compared with a method where the probability for each score combination was calculated using a highest density region (HDR). Furthermore, these methods were compared with the standardized log-likelihood statistic with and without a correction for the estimated latent trait value (denoted as l*z and lz, respectively). Data were simulated on the basis of the one-parameter logistic model, and both parametric and non-parametric logistic regression was used to obtain estimates of the latent trait. Results showed that it is important to take the trait level into account when comparing subtest scores. In a nonparametric item response theory (IRT) context, on adapted version of the HDR method was a powerful alterative to p. In a parametric IRT context, results showed that l*z had the highest power when the data were simulated conditionally on the estimated latent trait level. [source] Clinician perceptions of personal safety and confidence to manage inpatient aggression in a forensic psychiatric settingJOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC & MENTAL HEALTH NURSING, Issue 1 2006T. MARTIN rpn dn Inpatient mental health clinicians need to feel safe in the workplace. They also require confidence in their ability to work with aggressive patients, allowing the provision of therapeutic care while protecting themselves and other patients from psychological and physical harm. The authors initiated this study with the predetermined belief that a comprehensive and integrated organizational approach to inpatient aggression was required to support clinicians and that this approach increased confidence and staff perceptions of personal safety. To assess perceptions of personal safety and confidence, clinicians in a forensic psychiatric hospital were surveyed using an adapted version of the Confidence in Coping With Patient Aggression Instrument. In this study clinicians reported the hospital as safe. They reported confidence in their work with aggressive patients. The factors that most impacted on clinicians' confidence to manage aggression were colleagues' knowledge, experience and skill, management of aggression training, use of prevention and intervention strategies, teamwork and the staff profile. These results are considered with reference to an expanding literature on inpatient aggression. It is concluded that organizational resources, policies and frameworks support clinician perceptions of safety and confidence to manage inpatient aggression. However, how these are valued by clinicians and translated into practice at unit level needs ongoing attention. [source] Predicting physical activity and outcome expectations in cancer survivors: an application of Self-Determination TheoryPSYCHO-ONCOLOGY, Issue 7 2006Philip M. Wilson Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the contributions of autonomous and controlled motives drawn from Self-Determination Theory (SDT; Intrinsic Motivation and Self-determination in Human Behavior. Plenum Press: New York, 1985; Handbook of Self-determination Research. University of Rochester Press: New York, 2002) towards predicting physical activity behaviours and outcome expectations in adult cancer survivors. Participants were cancer-survivors (N=220) and a non-cancer comparison cohort (N=220) who completed an adapted version of the Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire modified for physical activity behaviour (TSRQ-PA), an assessment of the number of minutes engaged in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) weekly, and the anticipated outcomes expected from regular physical activity (OE). Simultaneous multiple regression analyses indicated that autonomous motives was the dominant predictor of OEs across both cancer and non-cancer cohorts (R2adj=0.29,0.43), while MVPA was predicted by autonomous (,'s ranged from 0.21 to 0.34) and controlled (,'s ranged from ,0.04 to ,0.23) motives after controlling for demographic considerations. Cancer status (cancer versus no cancer) did not moderate the motivation,physical activity relationship. Collectively, these findings suggest that the distinction between autonomous and controlled motives is useful and compliments a growing body of evidence supporting SDT as a framework for understanding motivational processes in physical activity contexts with cancer survivors. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Employment Status, Depressive Symptoms, and the Mediating/Moderating Effects of Single Mothers' Coping RepertoirePUBLIC HEALTH NURSING, Issue 6 2007Joan Samuels-Dennis ABSTRACT Objective: Single mothers, especially those on social assistance, report significantly more depressive symptoms than the general public. This article examines the relationships among employment status, stressful life events, and depressive symptoms among single mothers, with a special focus on the potential mediating and moderating roles of coping repertoire. Design: Cross-sectional survey design. Sample: Ninety-six single mothers (48 employed and 48 single mothers on social assistance) who were the primary caregiver for at least 1 child 4,18 years old. Measurements: Mailed questionnaires that included an adapted version of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale, the Coping Strategy Inventory, and the Beck Depression Inventory, 2nd ed. were completed by study participants. Results: Coping repertoire did not mediate the relationship between either employment status or stress exposure and depressive symptoms. Coping had an antagonistic and differential moderating effect on the association between employment status and depressive symptoms for employed single mothers and mothers receiving social assistance. Conclusion: Effective strategies aimed at promoting single mothers' mental health need to address both the severity of depressive symptoms found among single mothers, and the social-system factors that threaten single mothers' psychological well-being. The implications for practice and policy are discussed. [source] Early vocabulary development in deaf native signers: a British Sign Language adaptation of the communicative development inventoriesTHE JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES, Issue 3 2010Tyron Woolfe Background:, There is a dearth of assessments of sign language development in young deaf children. This study gathered age-related scores from a sample of deaf native signing children using an adapted version of the MacArthur-Bates CDI (Fenson et al., 1994). Method:, Parental reports on children's receptive and expressive signing were collected longitudinally on 29 deaf native British Sign Language (BSL) users, aged 8,36 months, yielding 146 datasets. Results:, A smooth upward growth curve was obtained for early vocabulary development and percentile scores were derived. In the main, receptive scores were in advance of expressive scores. No gender bias was observed. Correlational analysis identified factors associated with vocabulary development, including parental education and mothers' training in BSL. Individual children's profiles showed a range of development and some evidence of a growth spurt. Clinical and research issues relating to the measure are discussed. Conclusions:, The study has developed a valid, reliable measure of vocabulary development in BSL. Further research is needed to investigate the relationship between vocabulary acquisition in native and non-native signers. [source] Perceiving communion in the dyadic relationship of othersASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 2 2006Sylvia Xiaohua Chen The present research took an ecological approach to explore a relational issue in social perception , are the perceived personality characteristics of dyad members and their perceived behavioural exchanges related to perceptions of that dyad's perceived level of friendship? To this end, observers reported on a dyad they knew well using an indigenous measure of personality perception and the Dyadic Behavioural Exchange Scale, combined with an adapted version of Hays' Friendship Observation Checklist. Perceived similarity of personality on the dimensions of application, emotional stability (negative) and helpfulness (negative) along with the perceived level of dyadic behaviour exchange were found to be additive predictors of perceived communion or friendship strength. This interplay of personal and interpersonal processes has demonstrated the application of methodological relationalism in the social domain, and broadened the ambit of social cognition to include knowledge of relationship units of which the observer is not a member, but which plays a part in his or her social world. [source] Systematic review of early intervention programmes for children from birth to nine years who have a physical disabilityAUSTRALIAN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY JOURNAL, Issue 4 2010Jenny Ziviani Aim:, To systematically review the literature on the effectiveness of early intervention programmes for children with physical disabilities. Methods:, Twelve electronic databases were searched for articles published between 1990 and April 2008. The quality of articles was appraised using an adapted version of the Checklist for the Evaluation of Research Articles and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Results:, Ten studies were included in the review. Cross-sectional and interrupted time-series studies were of moderate methodological quality, whereas the non-randomised control trial was of moderate-to-high methodological quality. Studies differed considerably with respect to participants, types of intervention and outcomes measured. Conclusions:, Positive outcomes for both children and families have resulted from early intervention. However, methodological limitations hamper a more rigorous analysis of findings across studies. [source] Family caregivers' perceptions of hospital-based allied health services post-stroke: Use of the Measure of Processes of Care to investigate processes of careAUSTRALIAN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY JOURNAL, Issue 3 2010Annette Lovat Aim:,To investigate family caregiver perceptions of allied health professional processes of care and support in hospital following stroke, and to test an adapted version of the Measure of Processes of Care (MPOC) for its suitability of use in the stroke care setting. Methods:,The first stage involved the adaptation and refinement of the MPOC, designed to measure caregiver perceptions of processes of professional care and support across five care dimensions. The second stage involved mailing out of questionnaires to primary caregivers of stroke survivors. A total of 107 completed questionnaires were included in the analysis. The reliability of the adapted questionnaire was assessed and summary statistics were computed. Results:,The reliability of the adapted MPOC was found to be high, with good internal consistency of items within each subscale. Mean scores indicated that caregivers were most likely to report negative perceptions of the way allied health professionals engaged with and supported them, particularly in the area of information provision. Conclusion:,The number of families being affected by stroke is predicted to rise substantially in the near future. Allied health professionals have a significant role to play in supporting family caregivers. Results highlight caregiver-identified areas of weakness in current clinical practice. [source] Self-concept and attributions about other women in women with a history of childhood sexual abuseCLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY (AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORY & PRACTICE), Issue 3 2010Susan J. McAlpine Abstract Self-concept literature and literature on childhood sexual abuse (CSA) suggests that women with a history of CSA may have particular ways of perceiving themselves, which, as well as impacting upon relationships within their everyday lives, may also have implications for therapy; whether this is on an individual basis or within a group. This research investigated self-concept and attributions about other women using an adapted version of the self-concept sorting task. Three groups of women were compared: women with a history of CSA, women experiencing depressed mood but without a history of CSA and a healthy non-clinical comparison group of hospital staff. To some extent the current findings supported previous studies indicating that women attempting to cope with the consequences of a history of CSA have a negative self-concept. However, there was evidence to suggest that certain self-aspects are protective or protected. Similarly, there is some support for previous evidence of difficult relationships with mothers. Possible explanations for these findings were discussed and areas for future research suggested.,Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Key Practitioner Massage: , Although women with a history of CSA and depression have a negative view of themselves in comparison to a non-clinical group, there is no qualitative difference between these two groups. , Nor do women with a history of CSA have a more negative view of other women in general than women who are depressed. , Therefore, being aware of the likelihood that an individual may preceive herself, but not other women negatively, a therapist may use therapy to actively increase awareness and address this issue. [source] | |||||||||||||