Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Coronal Sections (coronal + section)
Selected AbstractsBrain damage in pigs produced by impact with a nonpenetrating captive bolt pistolAUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 3 2003JW FINNIE Objective To assess the effect of impact with a nonpene-trating captive bolt pistol in pigs by studying the resulting traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to compare the pathological changes with those found previously in the brains of sheep using a similar experimental paradigm. Procedure The unrestrained heads of six, anaesthetised, 7- to 8-week-old, Large White pigs were impacted in the temporal region with a nonpenetrating captive bolt pistol. Four hours postimpact, brains were perfusion-fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde. Coronal sections from six levels along the brain were cut and stained with haematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemically for amyloid precursor protein, a sensitive marker of axonal injury (AI) in the brain after trauma. Results TBI in pigs was characterised only by very mild AI, whereas AI in sheep after captive bolt impact to the same head region was much more severe and widely distributed and often associated with vascular damage such as contusions, subarachnoid and intraparenchymal haemorrhage. Conclusions TBI in pigs was much less severe than in sheep after non-penetrating mechanical impact of similar magnitude, confirming the importance of interspecies differences in determining an appropriate physical method of euthanasia. [source] In vivo diffusion tensor imaging of the human optic nerve: Pilot study in normal controlsMAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE, Issue 2 2006C.A.M. Wheeler-Kingshott Abstract Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the optic nerve (ON) was acquired in normal controls using zonally oblique multislice (ZOOM) DTI, which excites a small field of view (FOV) using a fast sequence with a shortened EPI echo train. This combines the benefit of low sensitivity to motion (due to the single-shot acquisition used), with the additional advantage of reduced sensitivity to magnetic field susceptibility artifacts. Reducing the bright signal from the fat and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) surrounding the nerve are key requirements for the success of the presented method. Measurements of mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) indices were made in a coronal section of the middle portion of the optic nerve (ON) in the right (rON) and left (lON) ONs. The average values across 10 healthy volunteers were FArON = 0.64 ± 0.09 and FAlON = 0.57 ± 0.10, and MDrON = (1173 ± 227) × 10,6 mm2 s,1 and MDlON = (1266 ± 170) × 10,6 mm2 s,1. Measurements of the principal eigenvalue of the DT and its orthogonal component were also in agreement with those expected from a highly directional structural organization. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Two Temporal Bone Computed Tomography Measurements Increase Recognition of Malformations and Predict Sensorineural Hearing Loss,THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 8 2006Derk D. Purcell MD Abstract Objectives/Hypothesis: The objectives of this prospective study were to assess the reproducibility of the measurements of the cochlea and lateral semicircular canal (LSCC) and to determine if abnormal measurements predict sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Methods: Two readers independently measured the cochlear height on coronal section and the LSCC bony island width on axial section on 109 temporal bone computed tomography scans; audiologic data on these patients were collected independently from medical records. Inter- and intrareader variability was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) based on a random-effects model. The positive and negative predictive values of abnormal measurement for hearing loss were determined. Results: There was excellent inter- and intraobserver agreement for both measurements (ICC >80%). The average cochlear height was 5.1 mm (normal range, 4.4,5.9 mm) and average LSCC bony island width was 3.7 mm (normal range, 2.6,4.8 mm). Review of the original radiology reports demonstrated that both cochlear hypoplasia and LSSC dysplasia were overlooked in >50% of patients with both abnormal measurements and SNHL. Cochlear hypoplasia (<4.4 mm) had a positive predictive value of 100% for SNHL, whereas cochlear hyperplasia and bony island dysplasia were less predictive. Conclusion: The measurements of coronal cochlear height and axial LSCC bony width have excellent reproducibility and identify bony labyrinth abnormalities missed by visual inspection alone. In addition, cochlear hypoplasia is highly predictive of SNHL. To reliably identify inner ear malformations, measurement of the cochlear height and LSCC bony island width, in addition to the vestibular aqueduct, should be routinely performed on all temporal bone studies. [source] A scanning electron microscopic study of debris and smear layer remaining following use of GT rotary instrumentsINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 5 2002G. Gambarini Abstract Aim The aim of the present study was to assess debris and smear layer remaining following canal preparation with GT rotary instruments. Methodology Sixteen freshly extracted single-rooted premolar teeth were instrumented with GTÔ rotary instruments using a crown-down preparation technique. All specimens were flushed with 2 mL of 5% NaOCl between each rotary instrument. At the end of instrumentation the following final irrigation sequence was repeated two times: 2 mL of EDTA + Cetrimide for 1 min (Largal Ultra, Septodont, France) and 2 mL of 5% NaOCl for 5 min. A final flush with saline solution was made to halt any chemical activity. Two other uninstrumented teeth that were not irrigated served as controls. All teeth were split longitudinally and prepared for SEM evaluation. The presence of debris and smear layer was evaluated from photomicrographs at ×200 and ×1000 magnification taken in the apical, middle and coronal thirds of the canals. Blind evaluation was performed by two trained observers and scores were compiled separately. A five category scoring system for debris and smear layer was used. Values obtained were tabulated and statistical analysis was carried out using a parametric chi-squared test. Results Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the three regions of the root canals (P > 0.05) for debris. Comparison of the removal of the smear layer between the three regions showed that there was a statistically significant difference between all parts, especially between the coronal and apical thirds (P < 0.001). Overall, the coronal sections were cleaner than the middle and apical sections. The uninstrumented canals showed walls completely covered with tissue, confirming that specimen preparation alone did not remove tissue. Conclusions Under the conditions of the present study GTÔ rotary instruments removed debris effectively, but left root canal walls covered with smear layer, particularly in the apical third. [source] Identification of proteins directly from tissue: in situ tryptic digestions coupled with imaging mass spectrometryJOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (INCORP BIOLOGICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY), Issue 2 2007M. Reid Groseclose Abstract A novel method for on-tissue identification of proteins in spatially discrete regions is described using tryptic digestion followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) with MS/MS analysis. IMS is first used to reveal the protein and peptide spatial distribution in a tissue section and then a serial section is robotically spotted with small volumes of trypsin solution to carry out in situ protease digestion. After hydrolysis, 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) matrix solution is applied to the digested spots, with subsequent analysis by IMS to reveal the spatial distribution of the various tryptic fragments. Sequence determination of the tryptic fragments is performed using on-tissue MALDI MS/MS analysis directly from the individual digest spots. This protocol enables protein identification directly from tissue while preserving the spatial integrity of the tissue sample. The procedure is demonstrated with the identification of several proteins in the coronal sections of a rat brain. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Measuring and interpreting age-related loss of vertebral bone mineral density in a medieval populationAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 2 2009Sabrina C. Agarwal Abstract This study investigates the age- and sex-related patterns in vertebral bone mineral density (BMD) and the relationship between BMD and vertebral osteophytosis (VO), using a specialized peripheral densitometer in a skeletal sample excavated from the British medieval village Wharram Percy. A total of 58 individuals were divided by sex into three broad age categories (18,29, 30,49, 50+ years.). Each fourth intact vertebral centra was scored for VO and 5-mm thick coronal sections scanned in a specialized peripheral densitometer (GE Lunar Piximus DXA). Changes in BMD associated with age, sex, and VO severity were examined in the whole vertebral section, a strictly trabecular region, and a primarily cortical region of bone separately. Significant change in vertebral BMD was found to occur by middle age with little or no statistical change in BMD between middle and old age. Females appear to suffer greater bone loss at an earlier age with no change in BMD between middle and old age, whereas males show a more steady loss of BMD across the age groups. The bone mineral content and BMD of the cortical region is higher in individuals with pronounced/severe osteophytosis. The unusual age- and sex-related patterns of change in vertebral BMD at Wharram Percy are compared with the patterns of age-related change from recent longitudinal population-based studies. The results emphasize the different pattern of bone loss in young adulthood seen in trabecular regions of the skeleton and highlight the importance of consideration of degenerative joint disease in BMD studies. The influence of lifestyle factors on vertebral BMD in this medieval population is also discussed. Am J Phys Anthropol 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Time course and nature of brain atrophy in the MRL mouse model of central nervous system lupusARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 6 2009John G. Sled Objective Similar to patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmune MRL/lpr mice spontaneously develop behavioral deficits and pathologic changes in the brain. Given that the disease-associated brain atrophy in this model is not well understood, the present study was undertaken to determine the time course of morphometric changes in major brain structures of autoimmune MRL/lpr mice. Methods Computerized planimetry and high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to compare the areas and volumes of brain structures in cohorts of mice that differ in severity of lupus-like disease. Results A thinner cerebral cortex and smaller cerebellum were observed in the MRL/lpr substrain, even before severe autoimmunity developed. With progression of the disease, the brain area of coronal sections became smaller and the growth of the hippocampus was retarded, which likely contributed to the increase in the ventricle area:brain area ratio. MRI revealed reduced volume across different brain regions, with the structures in the vicinity of the ventricular system particularly affected. The superior colliculus, periaqueductal gray matter, pons, and midbrain were among the regions most affected, whereas the volumes of the parietal-temporal lobe, parts of the cerebellum, and lateral ventricles in autoimmune MRL/lpr mice were comparable with values in congenic controls. Conclusion These results suggest that morphologic alterations in the brains of MRL/lpr mice are a consequence of several factors, including spontaneous development of lupus-like disease. A periventricular pattern of parenchymal damage is consistent with the cerebrospinal fluid neurotoxicity, limbic system pathologic features, and deficits in emotional reactivity previously documented in this model. [source] CT evaluation of the vidian canal localizationCLINICAL ANATOMY, Issue 7 2007Fatih Yazar Abstract The primary purpose of our work is to show that the vidian canal can be determined on CT imaging. The secondary goal is to establish the position and configuration of the vidian canal visualization. The CT imaging of vidian canals of 150 patients were examined in axial and coronal sections in 3 mm thickness made at 3 mm intervals. The varying course of the canal inside the bone, bone structure and diameter of the canal were investigated. In all cases, the canal was seen, and in 4 of the cases (1.3%) the canal was separated into two parts by a septum on its initial portion. In 36% of the cases it was embedded in the sphenoid corpus, partially protruded in 54% of the cases, and was connected to the bone with a stalk inside the sinus in 10% of the cases. The bony structure of the canal showed continuation in 68%, with 32% showing dehisans. The incidence of dehisans was 77% in the stalked cases and 45% in the protruded cases. It was determined that it is possible to evaluate the position and configuration of the vidian canal with CT imaging. This may be useful for diagnosing vidian nerve pathology and performing surgical intervention such as vidian neuroectomy and sinus surgery. Clin. Anat. 20:751,754, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | |||||||||||||