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Coordination Mechanism (coordination + mechanism)
Selected AbstractsA model of sequential effects in common pool resource dilemmasJOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DECISION MAKING, Issue 1 2002David V. Budescu Abstract Experimental games are often used as models of social dilemmas in which small groups of players have unrestricted access to, and share, a common and finite resource of desirable goods in the absence of any binding coordination mechanism. Examples are fishing, hunting, and use of computational facilities. Experimental studies of social dilemmas employ different protocols of play that differ from each other in terms of the information available to the players when they register their requests from the common resource. In this study we focus on the sequential protocol, where each participant has complete information about his or her position and the total requests of the previous movers, and the positional protocol, where each player only knows his or her position, but has no information about the other's requests. Previous research has found a robust position effect: individual requests are inversely related to the players' positions in the sequence with the first mover requesting most, and the last mover requesting the least. In an attempt to characterize the nature and intensity of the position effect, we developed and tested a descriptive model with one free (individual specific) parameter. The parameter is estimated from the players' requests under the positional protocol (i.e. in the absence of any information about the other's requests) and, as such, quantifies the social norm of ,advantage of the early mover'. In a range of cases examined, including different group sizes, resource pool sizes, and positions, the model predicted very accurately individuals' requests in the sequential protocol (with full information about position and others' requests). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Copolymerization of norbornene and styrene catalyzed by a novel anilido,imino nickel complex/methylaluminoxane systemJOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE (IN TWO SECTIONS), Issue 18 2006Haiyang Gao Abstract Copolymerizations of norbornene with styrene were carried out with a catalytic system of anilido,imino nickel complex (ArNCHC6H4NAr)NiBr (Ar = 2,6-dimethylphenyl) and methylaluminoxane in toluene. The influence of the comonomer feed content and polymerization temperature on the conversion and composition of the copolymers with (ArNCHC6H4NAr)NiBr/methylaluminoxane was investigated. An increase in the initial styrene feed content led to an increase in the incorporated styrene content of the resulting copolymer. The determination of the reactivity ratios showed a much high reactivity for norbornene (reactivity ratio for styrene = 0.26, reactivity ratio for norbornene = 20.78), which was consistent with a coordination mechanism. NMR analysis of the end groups further confirmed that the chain was initiated through a styrene secondary insertion or a norbornene insertion into NiH and terminated through ,-H elimination from an inserted styrene unit. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 5237,5246, 2006 [source] The effectiveness of nonprofit lead-organization networks for social service deliveryNONPROFIT MANAGEMENT & LEADERSHIP, Issue 4 2010Bin Chen Public agencies increasingly contract with nonprofit organizations to lead community-based networks for social service delivery. We explore the role that partnership characteristics play in the effectiveness of these networks. Using data on children and family services in Los Angeles County, we consider the impact of both the motivations for forming partnerships and the nature of the resulting partnerships on perceived outcomes for clients, interorganizational relationships, and organizational learning. We find that client outcomes and interorganizational relationships are enhanced when partnerships are formed to meet certain programmatic and organizational goals. Organizational learning, however, is affected only when partnerships are formed to enhance organizational legitimacy. Partners selected because they share common vision increase effectiveness, while those selected because there are few alternative partners decrease effectiveness. Finally, when partnerships use an interorganizational coordination mechanism, client outcomes are improved. The managerial implications of these impacts for the nonprofit sector are developed. The results lend considerable support to the role of partnership motivation and partner selection in the effectiveness of nonprofit lead-organization networks, and specificity about the nature of that role. [source] A shift to ambulatory medical education in IsraelTHE CLINICAL TEACHER, Issue 2 2010Khaled Karkabi Summary Background:, The Council for Higher Education in Israel published an extensive report in 2007, calling for a significant increase of undergraduate medical education in Israel in ambulatory care settings. The objective of this article is to propose an action plan aimed at shifting undergraduate medical education in Israel towards ambulatory education. Context:, The main barriers to increasing ambulatory education in Israel are lack of academic recognition for teaching and excellence, conflict between patient care, income and teaching, lack of an adequate educational infrastructure and faculty in ambulatory care, and insufficient support and involvement of the health organisations. However, there is great potential for developing ambulatory education in Israel based on existing resources: Israel has a well-established primary care network, has chronic disease management programmes, community-based preventive medicine and health promotion activities, and an emerging structure for home, palliative and terminal care in the community. Innovation:, The proposed action plan presents a framework for enhancing ambulatory education in undergraduate medical education in Israel, and allows site-specific adjustments according to the preferences, resources and capabilities of each of the four medical schools. Implications:, A national shift to ambulatory education in Israel can be implemented through the existing coordination mechanism of the four medical schools. A government funding policy that encourages the collaboration between four medical schools will be beneficial both in terms of resource utilisation and the engagement of other stakeholders. The recognition of community services and educational excellence can be advanced by establishing academies of teaching scholars. [source] Product specification and agribusiness chain coordination: introducing the coordination differential conceptAGRIBUSINESS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, Issue 1 2009Altair Dias de Moura As customers increasingly demand more specific products, firms are adopting new business approaches to satisfy customers and cope with competition. Efforts to satisfy ever more demanding markets appear to be associated with increased chain coordination, yet the relationship between these two factors is unclear. This research addresses the factors that affect chain coordination, focusing on the management of business processes to meet product specifications for customers. Five fresh meat New Zealand chains were the focus of multiple case study research. Results suggest that chains use different strategies and coordination mechanisms to deliver desired product specifications. More important, while product specifications are related to chain coordination as expected, the relationship is mediated by the coordination differential,the type and amount of effort that firms employ in their business processes to achieve the desired specifications. The nature and implication of the coordination differential concept are discussed. [L140, L150, L170]. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Rural market imperfections and the role of institutions in collective action to improve markets for the poorNATURAL RESOURCES FORUM, Issue 1 2008Bekele Shiferaw Abstract Many countries in sub-Saharan Africa have liberalized markets to improve efficiency and enhance market linkages for smallholder farmers. The expected positive response by the private sector in areas with limited market infrastructure has however been very limited. The functioning of markets is constrained by high transaction costs and coordination problems along the production-to-consumption value chain. New kinds of institutional arrangements are needed to reduce these costs and fill the vacuum left when governments withdrew from markets in the era of structural adjustments. One of these institutional innovations has been the strengthening of producer organizations and formation of collective marketing groups as instruments to remedy pervasive market failures in rural economies. The analysis presented here with a case study from eastern Kenya has shown that marketing groups pay 20,25% higher prices than other buyers to farmers while participation was also positively correlated with adoption of improved dryland legume varieties, crops not targeted by the formal extension system. However the effectiveness of marketing groups is undermined by external shocks and structural constraints that limit the volume of trade and access to capital and information, and require investments in complementary institutions and coordination mechanisms to exploit scale economies. Successful groups have shown high levels of collective action in the form of increased participatory decision making, member contributions and initial start-up capital. Failure to pay on delivery, resulting from lack of capital credit, is a major constraint that stifles competitiveness of marketing groups relative to other buyers. These findings call for interventions that improve governance and participation; mechanisms for improving access to operating capital; and effective strategies for risk management and enhancing the business skills of farmer marketing groups. [source] | ||||||||||