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Conventional Radiography (conventional + radiography)
Selected AbstractsA comparison between clearing and radiographic techniques in the study of the root-canal anatomy of maxillary first and second molarsINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 5 2004O. E. Omer Abstract Aim, To compare a clearing technique with conventional radiography in studying certain features of the root-canal system of maxillary right first and second molars. A secondary aim was to assess interexaminer agreement for these features using radiographs. Methodology, Eighty-three recently extracted permanent maxillary right first molars and 40 recently extracted maxillary right second molars from an Irish population were included. Standard periapical radiographs were taken from a buccolingual and mesiodistal direction. The specimens were then decoronated, demineralized in 10% hydrochloric acid for 8 days and then cleared using methyl salicylate. The cleared teeth were examined using a dissecting microscope (×20), and data relating to number of roots, canal type following Vertucci's classification, presence of lateral canals, presence of transverse anastomoses and position/number of apical foramina were collected. The radiographs were examined by two independent trained endodontists using an X-ray viewer and a magnifying lens (×2) in a dark room for the same features studied using the clearing technique. Results, The Kappa values for the agreement between the radiographic examiners A and B and the clearing technique and between the two examiners for the number of roots were 0.60, 0.64 and 0.53; for the root-canal type, 0.37, 0.41 and 0.42; for the number of roots with lateral canals, 0.21, 0.18 and 0.14; and for the transverse anastomoses, 0.29 for radiographic Examiner A. Radiographic Examiner B did not feel capable of accurately recognizing transverse anastomoses from the radiographs. For the position/number of apical foramina, the Kappa values were 0.33 and 0.24, respectively. In general, the Kappa values were low to modest for all comparisons. Conclusions, It is concluded that the agreement between the two radiographic examiners and the agreement between either radiographic examiner and the clearing technique were poor to moderate, indicating the limited value of radiographs alone when studying certain aspects of the root-canal system. [source] Radiographic detection and assessment of the periodontal endosseous defectsJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 4 2000Eudoxie A. Pepelassi Abstract Aims: The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of conventional radiography in detecting and accurately imaging periodontal endosseous (or osseous) defects when compared to surgical measurements. A further objective of the study was the selection of the most successful radiographic method for the assessment of endosseous defects. Method: Surgical measurements, during periodontal flap surgery, and radiographic measurements, from periapical and panoramic radiographs, were obtained from 5072 proximal surfaces of 100 patients presenting with periodontitis. Results: Statistical evaluation of the surgical and radiographic measurements revealed the following. (1) The ability of the radiographs to detect periodontal osseous defects was relatively low. (2) For periapical radiography, it depended, in descending order, on the depth and buccolingual width of the defect, the number of osseous walls and the jaw location. For panoramic radiography, it depended only on buccolingual width. (3) Osseous defects of small depth and/or small buccolingual width were the most difficult to detect radiographically. (4) Periapical radiography was more successful than panoramic in detecting osseous defects, and more accurate in assessing the defect dimensions (depth, mesiodistal width). (5) The difference in the defect detection ability between the 2 radiographic methods, the accuracy of the radiographic defect dimensions assessment as well as the degree of agreement between periapical and panoramic assessment depended on defect location and dimensions. Conclusions: Periapical radiography is superior to panoramic in detecting and accurately imaging periodontal osseous destruction. [source] Cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx) in urine as a predictor of periprosthetic osteolysisJOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, Issue 7 2006Thord von Schewelov Abstract Periprosthetic osteolysis is often nonsymptomatic and hard to visualize by conventional radiography. Cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx), a marker of osteoclast mediated bone resorption, has been suggested to evaluate local particulate-induced osteolysis in patients operated on with a total hip prosthesis. Urine specimens were sampled after hip joint replacement in 160 patients. NTx was analyzed by a commercially available ELISA kit. Osteolysis was identified in the acetabulum and confirmed at operation. Using analysis of covariance to correct for differences in age, gender, and time after operation, NTx (mean SD) was 36,±,12 BCE/nM creatinine in patients with osteolysis (n,=,33) and 27,±,13 BCE/nM creatinine in patients without osteolysis (n,=,127) (p,=,0.003). Eighteen hips of 38 (47%), demonstrating an annual wear of more than 0.2 mm and an NTx value above 29 BCE/nM creatinine, had been revised due to osteolysis. The osteolysis prevalence in this group was increased 10 times (CI 4-23, p,<,0.05). Indeed, NTx release and annual wear were both associated with increased prevalence of osteolysis, however, independently of each other. NTx seems a feasible marker of periprosthetic osteolysis. A preoperative baseline NTx level is likely needed for its use as a predictor of periprosthetic osteolysis in individual cases. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 24:1342,1348, 2006 [source] Contrast-enhanced dental MRI for visualization of the teeth and jawMAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE, Issue 1 2004Silvia Olt Abstract A technique for contrast-enhanced dental MRI is described that enables 3D visualization of the oral cavity, including the jaw and teeth. Since teeth are MR-invisible, the basic principle of this technique is that the teeth and jaw can be observed indirectly through contrast with a surrounding MR-visible medium. For this purpose, the oral cavity is filled with a nontoxic substance, such as water or MR contrast media, that gives a high MR signal. A 3D data set covering the entire buccal space is acquired, and the image intensities are inverted. Since isosurface reconstructions of the teeth and jaw, as well as panoramic views analogous to orthopantomography, can be extracted from these data, contrast-enhanced dental MRI may be useful as a flexible tool for dentistry and orthodontics. Moreover, contrast-enhanced dental MRI works without radiation exposure, and therefore it is an interesting alternative to X-ray-based imaging modalities such as conventional radiography and dental CT. In this article, some preliminary results obtained with contrast-enhanced dental MRI are shown in order to demonstrate the feasibility and performance of this new approach. Magn Reson Med 52:174,176, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Jaccoud's arthropathy in systemic lupus erythematosus: Differentiation of deforming and erosive patterns by magnetic resonance imagingARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 1 2003Benedikt Ostendorf Objective To evaluate alterations of the soft tissues, tendons, and bones as detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE),associated arthritis of the finger joints. Methods Both hands of 14 patients with SLE of various activities and durations and with arthritis and/or deformities of the finger joints were examined by MRI and conventional radiography. Coronal T1-weighted spin-echo (with and without gadolinium contrast), axial T2-weighted turbo spin-echo, coronal fat-suppressed short tau inversion recovery, and 3-dimensional double-echo steady-state sequences were acquired and analyzed, and the findings were compared with those from conventional radiographs. Results MRI detected periarticular capsular swelling in all 14 patients, joint effusion in 7, edematous tenosynovitis in 6, proliferative tenosynovitis (flexor and/or extensor tendons) in 4, and intraarticular signs of synovial membrane hypertrophy in 10 patients, 9 of whom showed enhancement after administration of contrast medium. Bony erosions were identified in 8 patients by MRI; conventional radiography missed these erosions in 2 of the 8 patients. Four of the 14 patients were designated as Jaccoud's arthropathy index,positive, and all 4 showed severe edematous tenosynovitis and capsular swelling, but no signs of bony erosions despite longstanding disease (mean 21.5 years). Four of the 10 patients with mild deformity exhibited prominent soft tissue pathology, with minimal destruction of bone; the other 6 patients had bony alterations that resembled rheumatoid arthritis. Conclusion In SLE patients with arthritis of the finger joints, MRI detects characteristic signs of soft tissue pathology (e.g., capsular swelling, edematous and proliferative tenosynovitis, synovial hypertrophy) and bony alterations (e.g., erosions, some of which are missed by conventional radiography). MRI thus helps to distinguish different types of lupus arthritis/Jaccoud's arthropathy, which allows more differentiated treatment strategies and monitoring. [source] Marginal Bone Level around Implants Assessed in Digital and Film Radiographs: In Vivo Study in the DogCLINICAL IMPLANT DENTISTRY AND RELATED RESEARCH, Issue 1 2000Eva Borg DDS ABSTRACT Background: One of the objectives of postoperative radiographic examinations of implants is to evaluate the marginal bone height and its changes over time. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of digital image processing on measurements of the marginal bone level around implants. Material and Methods: Implants in beagle dogs, used to study the development of peri-implantitis and subsequent healing following treatment, were monitored with conventional radiography and a digital image plate system. Five observers measured the distance between a reference point and the bone level. Measurements in conventional radiographs were made with the use of an x-ray viewer (2X) and a magnifying lens (7X). For the digital images, the system's built-in measuring function was used together with five image processing techniques: edge enhancement (matrixes set on 5 and 25), inverted grey scale, single color highlight, and color intensity mapping together with the brightness and contrast control. From the time of maximum breakdown and the end of the experiment, histologic values were available. Results: Differences between techniques and observers increased toward the end of the healing period. Measurements made at maximum breakdown did not differ significantly from the histologic value. Measurements made after healing all methods, except that using edge enhancement and a 25 × 25 kernel, differed significantly from the histologic value by underestimating the bone level. Conclusions: Measurements of bone level around implants from digital radiographs are as accurate and precise as those from film images. In particular cases, the use of specific image processing algorithms may improve both accuracy and precision. After healing, the histologic specimens showed an incomplete bone fill in the crater with a remaining thin layer of connective tissue in contact with the fixture, and in such situations, the morphology of the bone will give a more complicated diagnostic task. [source] | ||||||||||