Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Control Situation (control + situation)
Selected AbstractsLowered albumin extravasation rate in heart but not in other organs in ,3-integrin-deficient miceACTA PHYSIOLOGICA, Issue 4 2009Ř. S. Svendsen Abstract Aim:, The vascular protein permeability is dependent on the integrity of the vascular wall. The heart capillaries in male mice lacking ,3 integrins have an immature phenotype. Previously, we have demonstrated a role for ,v,3 integrins in control of interstitial fluid pressure (Pif) and thereby in the fluid flux during inflammation. We wanted to explore a possible role for ,v,3 integrins in controlling capillary protein permeability during control situation and inflammation. Methods:, We performed double-tracer and microdialysis experiments on ,3-integrin-deficient mice and wild type control mice. We also measured blood pressure and heart rate in the two mice strains. Results:, We found reduced albumin extravasation (during 25 min) in the heart capillaries (0.053 ± 0.003 vs. 0.087 ± 0.009 mL g,1 dw, P < 0.05), and an increased cardiac mass/body weight (5.3 × 10,3 ± 0.3 × 10,3 vs. 3.8 × 10,3 ± 0.1 × 10,3, P < 0.01) in the ,3-integrin-deficient mice (n = 6) compared with the controls (n = 6). Heart rate and blood pressure were the same in mice with and without ,3-integrins. No difference in permeability was found in other tissues studied, or under local inflammation. Conclusion:, These results show a function for the ,v,3 integrin in the regulation of protein permeability, selective for the heart capillaries. [source] Interpretation of teasing during early adolescenceJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 1 2007Allison Kanter Agliata Research has suggested that teasing, especially about physical appearance, is a common experience with negative consequences for adolescents. This study aimed to examine the cognitive processes of adolescents exposed to teasing. Students from two middle schools were assigned randomly to view videotaped vignettes of appearance-related teasing, competency teasing, or a control situation and completed questionnaires to assess their cognitive reactions and memories of the teasing. Results indicated that adolescent girls recalled appearance-related teasing more readily than competency teasing, adolescent girls with high body dissatisfaction recalled fewer positive appearance words, and participants exposed to competency teasing were more likely to recall competency words. The findings indicated that cognitive processes may be important in the study of adolescents' interpretation of teasing and for clinical treatment of adolescents who are teased. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 63: 23,30, 2007. [source] Interpretation of radial pulse contour during fentanyl/nitrous oxide anesthesia and mechanical ventilationACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 7 2002S. Söderström Background: Peripheral arterial blood pressure is not a reliable substitute for proximal aortic pressure. Recognition of this phenomenon is important for correct appreciation of cardiac afterload. Our aim was to evaluate the utility of the radial pulse wave to better understand ventriculo-vascular coupling during anesthesia. Methods: We observed the differences between aortic systolic pressure (AoSAP, tipmanometry) and radial systolic pressure in 15 patients, (including two women) aged 53,78 years, before coronary artery bypass surgery. We studied the induction of anesthesia with fentanyl (20 µg kg,1), moderate volume loading, and thereafter the addition of 70% nitrous oxide. The circulatory effects of mechanical ventilation were studied by doubling the tidal volumes. Pulse wave contours were assessed by calculation of radical and aortic augmentation indices (AI), which measure the second systolic pressure peak. Results: Radial systolic pressure was higher than AoSAP in the control situation (8±2 mmHg), and this SAP gradient increased further with fentanyl (12±2 mmHg). The gradient persisted throughout the study, but was partially reduced by volume loading and nitrous oxide, respectively. Radial augmentation index was the only parameter remaining in a stepwise multivariate model to explain the variance in the SAP gradient (r2=0.48). Radial augmentation index also correlated with aortic pulse pressure (r2=0.71). Mechanical ventilation had significant and similar effects on pulse wave augmentation both in the aorta and in the radial artery, and did not affect the radial to aortic SAP gradient. Conclusion: These elderly coronary patients had stiff vasculature (high aortic AI) and considerable pulse wave reflection, which was beneficially delayed by fentanyl. Changes in the radial pulse wave augmentation during mechanical ventilation were mainly a result of cyclic changes in the stroke volume, and were seldom associated with an increased systolic pressure gradient from the aorta to the radial artery. [source] Detection of hazardous reaction products during a thermal runawayPROCESS SAFETY PROGRESS, Issue 2 2003Ronald J. A. Kersten The control of major accident hazards linked with the storage and processing of dangerous substances in chemical and petrochemical installations is regulated in the European Union by the so-called "Seveso II Directive." One of the requirements in this Directive is the declaration of not only the hazardous substances as present onsite, but also any hazardous products that could form during a loss of control situation. This study focused on the development of an experimental technique to determine the substances that might be formed during an uncontrolled chemical reaction or runaway reaction. The decomposition reaction of a diazo compound was studied with the technique to assess its applicability. The results show that, apart from its applicability in relation to the Seveso II Directive, the same technique can be used to obtain data for the design of gas treatment systems or to study the mechanism behind runway reactions. Understanding this mechanism, in turn, helps to identify conditions that might favor the occurrence of, or might temper the course of, the runaway reaction. [source] Long term anoxia in rainbow trout investigated by 2-DE and MS/MSPROTEINS: STRUCTURE, FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS, Issue 5 2008Tune Wulff Abstract Twenty-four hours of N2 induced anoxia induced global perturbations on protein expression in rainbow trout hypodermal fibroblasts cell line. Anoxia was obtained by depleting the medium of O2 by flushing with N2, and protein changes were studied by 2-DE coupled with MS providing quantitative measurements of a large number of proteins in one single study. The anoxic insult changed the level of 33 protein spots: 22 of these were up-regulated compared to the control situation and 11 were down-regulated. Using MS/MS sequencing 19 of the 33 protein spots that changed were identified, corresponding to a success rate of more than 50%. The identified proteins included two proteins involved in energy metabolism namely phosphoglycerate mutase and isocitrate dehydrogenase. In addition we observed the up-regulation of a cluster of proteins that contribute to cytoskeleton function. These are calpain, EB1, and Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI). The up-regulation of Rho GDI was shown to develop in a time dependent manner with no significant increase for up to 8,h of anoxia. In conclusion, this study provides a thorough investigation of the effect of anoxia in a cell line from rainbow trout. [source] Control charts: a cost-optimization approach for processes with random shiftsAPPLIED STOCHASTIC MODELS IN BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY, Issue 3 2004András Zempléni Abstract In this paper we describe an approach for establishing control limits and sampling times which derives from economic performance criteria and a model for random shifts. The total cost related to both production and control is calculated, based on cost estimates for false alarms, for not identifying a true out of control situation, and for obtaining a data record through sampling. We describe the complete process for applying the method and compare with conventional procedures to real data from a Portuguese pulp and paper industrial plant. It turns out that substantial cost-reductions may be obtained. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Reproductive investment in relation to survival risk in a livebearing fishJOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY, Issue 2003K. Lindström Animals are expected to change their allocation of resources into offspring depending on their future survival probabilities. Under environmental conditions where survival probabilities are low, we expect to see an increased investment in current reproduction. Fish show an exceptionally wide range of reproductive modes, including systems where parents can be expected to have extensive control of investment in their offspring. In the least killifish, Heterandria formosa, a small livebearing fish, fertilization is internal and females extensively provision developing embryos. Hence females are likely to have control over parturition time and size of their offspring. Our expectation was that under predator threat females should produce offspring at a higher rate than in control situations. Females were given visual and chemical exposure to mosquito fish and sunfish predators. The time until the birth of the first brood was longer in the presence of predators than in the control. However, subsequent birth intervals showed the opposite pattern. In the presence of predators ensuing brood intervals were shorter than in the control treatment. The effect of mosquito fish and sunfish was similar. Despite the decrease in pregnancy interval, newborn offspring were still larger in the presence of sunfish. Our results suggest that the initial response of refraining from reproduction later changes to an increased reproductive output. This increase, however, did not manifest itself as a quality vs. number trade-off as offspring were also bigger in the sunfish treatment. This suggests that reproductive investment increases in the presence of predators and this may represent terminal investment. [source] | ||||||||||