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Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	60%
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	20%

Selected Abstracts

A Review of Feral Cat Eradication on Islands

CONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Issue 2 2004
MANUEL NOGALES
efecto de depredación; erradicación; Felis catus; gato asilvestrado; islas Abstract:,Feral cats are directly responsible for a large percentage of global extinctions, particularly on islands. We reviewed feral cat eradication programs with the intent of providing information for future island conservation actions. Most insular cat introductions date from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, whereas successful eradication programs have been carried out in the last 30 years, most in the last decade. Globally, feral cats have been removed from at least 48 islands: 16 in Baja California (Mexico), 10 in New Zealand, 5 in Australia, 4 in the Pacific Ocean, 4 in Seychelles, 3 in the sub-Antarctic, 3 in Macaronesia (Atlantic Ocean), 2 in Mauritius, and 1 in the Caribbean. The majority of these islands (75%; n= 36) are small (,5 km2). The largest successful eradication campaign took place on Marion Island (290 km2), but cats have been successfully removed from only 10 islands (21%) of ,10 km2. On Cousine Island (Seychelles) cat density reached 243 cats/km2, but on most islands densities did not exceed 79.2 cats/km2 (n= 22; 81%). The most common methods in successful eradication programs were trapping and hunting (often with dogs; 91% from a total of 43 islands). Frequently, these methods were used together. Other methods included poisoning (1080; monofluoracetate in fish baits; n= 13; 31%), secondary poisoning from poisoned rats (n= 4; 10%), and introduction of viral disease (feline panleucopaenia; n= 2; 5%). Impacts from cat predation and, more recently, the benefits of cat eradications have been increasingly documented. These impacts and benefits, combined with the continued success of eradication campaigns on larger islands, show the value and role of feral cat eradications in biodiversity conservation. However, new and more efficient techniques used in combination with current techniques will likely be needed for success on larger islands. Resumen:,Los gatos asilvestrados han sido responsables directos de un gran número de extinciones, particularmente en islas. En este estudio, se revisan los programas de erradicación de este felino con el fin de ofrecer información de utilidad en futuras acciones de conservación en islas. La mayor parte de las introducciones datan de los siglos diecinueve y veinte, mientras que las erradicaciones han sido realizadas básicamente durante los últimos 30 años, y sobre todo en la última década. Los gatos asilvestrados han sido erradicados de al menos 48 islas: 16 de ellas en Baja California (México), 10 en Nueva Zelanda, 5 en Australia, 4 en el Océano Pacífico, 4 en Seychelles, 3 en la Región Subantártica, 3 en Macaronesia (Océano Atlántico), 2 en Mauricio, y una en el Caribe. La mayoría de éstas (75%; n= 36) son de reducidas dimensiones (,5 km2), mientras que la más extensa es Marion Island (290 km2). En tan sólo 10 islas (21%) , 10 km2 se ha podido erradicar este depredador. En Cousine Island (Seychelles) la densidad de gatos alcanzó 243 individuos/km2; sin embargo, en la mayoría de las islas, las densidades no excedieron los 79,2 individuos/km2 (n= 22; 81%). Los métodos más comúnmente empleados fueron el trampeo y la caza, a menudo con perros (91% de un total de 43 islas). Con frecuencia dichas prácticas fueron empleadas conjuntamente. Otros métodos incluyeron venenos (1080, monofluoracetato de sodio en cebos de pescado: n= 13; 31%), envenenamiento secundario con ratas envenenadas (n= 4; 10%) y el virus de la leucemia felina (n= 2; 5%). La información sobre el efecto negativo de los gatos en islas y, más recientemente, el beneficio de su erradicación, se ha ido dando a conocer paulatinamente, poniendo de manifiesto su importancia en la conservación de la biodiversidad insular. No obstante, la combinación de técnicas nuevas y más eficientes junto con las habituales, será necesaria para el éxito de la erradicación de los gatos en islas de grandes dimensiones. [source]

Dynamic pharyngeal collapse in racehorses

EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue S36 2006
A. G. BOYLE
Summary Reason for performing study: Dynamic pharyngeal collapse (PC) is a condition seen in racehorses that can be career-ending. Objectives: To characterise and grade PC and describe the effects of PC on athletic performance. Methods: Medical records were reviewed for 828 horses, of which 49 (6%) records were identified as horses with a primary diagnosis of PC. Tapes of video-endoscopy of the pharynx during exercise were reviewed. Each video recording was assigned a grade (0,4) reflecting the degree of PC and a classification for severity of upper airway obstruction. Earnings per race prior to diagnosis of PC were compared to earnings per race after diagnosis of PC for all horses, as well as performance index (PI). Available exercising arterial blood gases were reviewed for horses with PC. Results: There were 35 (80%) Thoroughbreds (TB), and 9 (20%) Standardbreds (STD). 32 (73%) had a history of making an upper respiratory noise. 4 (9%) grade 1 PC, 8 (18%) grade 2 PC, 26 (59%) grade 3 PC, and 6 (14%) grade 4 PC. Seven (16%) horses were classified as mild PC, 18 (41%) as low-moderate PC, 14 (32%) as high-moderate PC, and 5 (11%) as severe PC. Of 30 horses 11 had abnormally decreased PaO2 and 8 horses had abnormally elevated PaCO2. A significant decrease was found in earnings per race prediagnosis when compared to post diagnosis earnings per race in horses ?4 years of age (P = 0.003). A significant decrease was also observed for earnings per race prediagnosis when compared to post diagnosis earnings per race in horses with grade 3 PC (P = 0.03) No significant differences were observed in PI before or after diagnosis of PC. Conclusions: There was a trend for PC to be observed in more TB than STD, and more males than females compared to the general hospital population. Horses with PC significant had decreases in arterial oxygenation. Racing records after a diagnosis of PC in all horses ?4 years of age suggesting that older horses have a guarded prognosis for continued success. Potential relevance: This study provides a classification system for dynamic pharyngeal collapse and suggests that older racehorses (?4 years of age) diagnosed with PC and all horses with grade 3 PC have a poor prognosis for return to previous level of performance. [source]

Simulating Globalization: Oil in Chad

INTERNATIONAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVES, Issue 3 2004
Heidi H. Hobbs
The conflicting interests that underlie globalization can be difficult to grasp in a traditional classroom setting. The simulation presented here challenges students to examine the many different actors operating in the international system today. The focus is the Chad,Cameroon oil pipeline,a landmark example of cooperation and conflict between international institutions, non-governmental organizations and business interests. Given a scenario, students assume these roles and negotiate for the continued success of the pipeline. All the materials to run this exercise are included and if utilized, can provide a positive active learning experience. [source]

A quality assurance audit: Phase III trial of maximal androgen deprivation in prostate cancer (TROG 96.01)

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL IMAGING AND RADIATION ONCOLOGY, Issue 1 2000
A Steigler
SUMMARY In 1997 the Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group (TROG) performed a quality assurance (QA) audit of its phase III randomized clinical trial investigating the effectiveness of different durations of maximal androgen deprivation prior to and during definitive radiation therapy for locally advanced carcinoma of the prostate (TROG 96.01). The audit reviewed a total of 60 cases from 15 centres across Australia and New Zealand. In addition to verification of technical adherence to the protocol, the audit also incorporated a survey of centre planning techniques and a QA time/cost analysis. The present report builds on TROG's first technical audit conducted in 1996 for the phase III accelerated head and neck trial (TROG 91.01) and highlights the significant progress TROG has made in the interim period. The audit provides a strong validation of the results of the 96.01 trial, as well as valuable budgeting and treatment planning information for future trials. Overall improvements were detected in data quality and quantity, and in protocol compliance, with a reduction in the rate of unacceptable protocol violations from 10 to 4%. Audit design, staff education and increased data management resources were identified as the main contributing factors to these improvements. In addition, a budget estimate of $100 per patient has been proposed for conducting similar technical audits. The next major QA project to be undertaken by TROG during the period 1998,1999 is an intercentre dosimetry study. Trial funding and staff education have been targeted as the key major issues essential to the continued success and expansion of TROG's QA programme. [source]

Brokering knowledge in organizational networks: The SPN approach

KNOWLEDGE AND PROCESS MANAGEMENT: THE JOURNAL OF CORPORATE TRANSFORMATION, Issue 1 2002
S. Burnett
Over the last three years (at the time of writing this paper) the upstream oil and gas industry has experienced substantial changes at a structural level due a variety of factors including the low cost of oil, depleting reserves, maturing regions, strong competition, and the high costs for development projects. The growing pressure on organizations to operate more economically has led to the recent spate of cost-reduction initiatives including acquisitions, strategic alliances, joint ventures and consortia agreements. Senior management are realizing that it is their intangible assets, in the form of knowledge, which provide the key to their continued success and their company policies are seeking to identify and manage their knowledge base more effectively by implementing a range of initiatives addressing behavioural, process and technological issues. This paper illustrates how, through the use of a knowledge broker, a major project was handled to realize the knowledge potential of the individuals and the team. Main outcomes from the ongoing project include the establishment of understanding and buy-in amongst all the alliance partners to the use of shared measures to align objectives, the development of a management structure to support the performance management system and the maintenance of pace and focus through the provision of dedicated resources. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

The contribution of a satellite market to price discovery: Evidence from the Singapore exchange

THE JOURNAL OF FUTURES MARKETS, Issue 10 2004
Vicentiu Covrig
The Singapore Exchange (SGX), a small satellite market, successfully competes with a large home market, the Osaka Securities Exchange (OSE), in trading the Nikkei 225 futures index. In this paper, we investigate the contribution of the SGX to price discovery and shed light on the reasons for its continued success. Evidence is provided from information revelation and price discovery of three competing but informationally linked markets of the Nikkei 225 index,domestic spot (Tokyo Stock Exchange), domestic futures (OSE), and foreign futures (SGX), which represents the satellite market. Overall, the futures market contributes 77% to price discovery, with the satellite market contributing 42% of the futures and 33% of the total price discovery. These figures, surprisingly, far exceed the satellite market's share of trading volume. Support is provided for the extended trading hours on the SGX for three of the four non-overlapping trading sub-periods. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 24:981,1004, 2004 [source]

Hypothesis: Research in Otolaryngology Is Essential for Continued Improvement in Health Care,

THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 6 2002
Robert H. Mathog MD
Abstract The present report, in the form of a research proposal, is based on the hypothesis that research in otolaryngology is essential for continued improvement in health care. Examples of advances in otolaryngology as a result of research are noted, but for continued success, otolaryngology must maintain and find better ways to train clinically directed researchers. Traditional methods of training such as hands-on experience, courses in the basic principles of research, protected time, and mentoring are discussed and evaluated. Barriers to success such as age, time, and debt are noted. Potential solutions are presented with an emphasis on integration of the research and clinical training. Success of faculty will continue to depend on laboratory and financial support, technical assistance, protected time, salary equivalent to other faculty, and accessibility of research funds. For research to gain support and enthusiasm and to keep it strong and productive, cost-effectiveness and value must be recognized. [source]

Thanks to Reviewers, 2008

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 6 2009
Article first published online: 1 JUN 200
With great appreciation for their enthusiasm, dedication, and support, we acknowledge our colleagues who performed peer review for Academic Emergency Medicine in 2008. Without their hard work, AEM would not be able to present our readers with excellent original research and academic contributions. Their talent, thoughtfulness and responsiveness have assisted in maintaining the quality of the medical literature presented in AEM. We sincerely thank the more than 400 reviewers who have contributed to our continued success. Among these numbers are some who deserve special recognition because of their consistently excellent performance. These outstanding reviewers have provided at least five peer reviews judged by three or more decision editors to be within the top 15% in terms of quality, had a mean review score of >85% across at least three decision editors, accepted at least two-thirds of all review requests, and submitted no more than one review late. They have demonstrated exceptional commitment to the journal and its peer review process. The outstanding reviewers of 2008 are designated with an * in the list below. [source]

Thanks to Reviewers, 2007

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 6 2008
Article first published online: 9 JUN 200
With great appreciation for their enthusiasm, dedication, and support, we acknowledge our colleagues who performed peer review for Academic Emergency Medicine (AEM) in 2007. Without their hard work, AEM would not be able to present our readers with excellent original research and academic contributions. Their talent, thoughtfulness and responsiveness have assisted in maintaining the quality of the medical literature presented in AEM. We sincerely thank the more than 300 reviewers who have contributed to our continued success. Among these numbers are some who deserve special recognition because of their consistently excellent performance. These outstanding reviewers have provided at least five peer reviews judged by three or more decision editors to be within the top 15% in terms of quality, have done so in a timely fashion, and have demonstrated exceptional commitment to the journal and its peer review process. The outstanding reviewers of 2007 are designated with an * in the list below. [source]

17 Our Patients, Our Residents, Their Case-Based Evidence: Development of an Intradepartmental Medical Education Journal

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 2008
Christopher Miller
As clinical educators, we place a premium on teaching at the bedside. This academic medicine hallmark has many competitors in today's challenging emergency department environment. We therefore sought to complement bedside teaching with the creation of a monthly, case-based, best-evidence-practice, intra-departmental medical education journal. Residents were encouraged to annotate interesting cases during their shifts in a written log found in the emergency department. Monthly, a senior EM resident reviewed the cases and earmarked a select few for detailed review based on their potential educational merit. Comprehensive, evidence-based teaching summaries were presented in a case-report format (see attached examples). The completed manuscript was distributed electronically to staff and residents as a monthly medical education journal. Survey methodology performed at the conclusion of the publication's first year assessed its educational impact and estimated resources required for publication. 90% of residents reported reading the journal monthly, and 80% felt it was of high educational value. The mean preparation time was 16 hours per month. To assess reproducible and lasting didactic benefit, the journal was introduced at a second EM academic institution. To date, 19 issues at the primary site and 7 issues at the second have been published. Multi-institutional validation of its educational impact is ongoing, but interim analysis suggests continued success at both sites. [source]