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Contemporary Debates (contemporary + debate)
Selected AbstractsNation and Nationalism: Historical Antecedents to Contemporary DebatesINTERNATIONAL STUDIES REVIEW, Issue 1 2002Adeed Dawisha [source] Gender, Violence and Global Politics: Contemporary Debates in Feminist Security StudiesPOLITICAL STUDIES REVIEW, Issue 2 2009Laura J. Shepherd In this essay I develop a critique of the war/peace dichotomy that is foundational to conventional approaches to IR through a review of three recent publications in the field of feminist security studies. These texts are Cynthia Enloe's (2007) Globalization and Militarism, David Roberts' (2008) Human Insecurity, and Mothers, Monsters, Whores: Women's Violence in Global Politics by Laura Sjoberg and Caron Gentry (2008). Drawing on the insights of these books, I ask first how violence is understood in global politics, with specific reference to the gendered disciplinary blindnesses that frequently characterise mainstream approaches. Second, I demonstrate how a focus on war and peace can neglect to take into account the politics of everyday violence: the violences of the in-between times that international politics recognises neither as ,war' nor ,peace' and the violences inherent to times of peace that are overlooked in the study of war. Finally, I argue that feminist security studies offers an important corrective to the foundational assumptions of IR, which themselves can perpetuate the very instances of violence that they seek to redress. If we accept the core insights of feminist security studies , the centrality of the human subject; the importance of particular configurations of masculinity and femininity; and the gendered conceptual framework that underpins the discipline of IR , we are encouraged to envisage a rather different politics of the global. [source] Contemporary Debates in Epistemology , Matthias Steup and Ernest Sosa (eds)THE PHILOSOPHICAL QUARTERLY, Issue 227 2007Alessandra Tanesini First page of article [source] Contemporary debates in cognitive scienceACTA NEUROPSYCHIATRICA, Issue 1 2009Matthew P. Hyett No abstract is available for this article. [source] A Question of Rites?HISTORY COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 5 2006Perspectives on the Colonial Encounter with Sati Although a rare occurrence, sati has become a highly controversial issue in modern India. In the wake of the now notorious burning of Roop Kanwar in 1987, sati and its glorification became a terrain on which wider issues about religion, identity, modernity and tradition were contested. In this debate both supporters and opponents of sati invoked the rhetoric of ,rights'. It is generally agreed that such terms in the contemporary debate have their roots in the colonial period; some supporters of sati go as far as to argue that those who condemn sati as a violation of women's rights are adopting a ,Western' perspective without appreciating sati's ,true' social, religious and cultural significance. In doing so, however, they assume a homogenous and consistent colonial condemnation of sati. New perspectives suggest, however, that the British response to sati was more multifaceted than this allows and the link between colonial discourses and modern protagonists more complex. [source] Divine Action and the Trinity: A Brief Exploration of the Grounds of Trinitarian Speech about God in the Theology of Adolf SchlatterINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY, Issue 3 2002Andreas Loos This article explores Schlatter's doctrine of the Trinity in the light of the contemporary debate, focusing on the relation of the economic and the ontological Trinity. It is shown that Schlatter relates God's triune being and God's trinitarian action through the notion of love , where God's love ad extra as well as ad intra is oriented toward the particular in such a way as to enable true otherness. It will be argued, moreover, that Schlatter's contribution to the contemporary trinitarian debate lies in propounding an applied trinitarian theology which is faithful to its object. When God in himself and in relation to creation is oriented toward and actively seeks the other, then theology cannot talk about God's being apart from the actuality of his actions in this world. [source] ,Instrument of the union of hearts': The Theology of Personhood and the BishopINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY, Issue 3 2002A. N. Williams This article explores Schlatter's doctrine of the Trinity in the light of the contemporary debate, focusing on the relation of the economic and the ontological Trinity. It is shown that Schlatter relates God's triune being and God's trinitarian action through the notion of love , where God's love ad extra as well as ad intra is oriented toward the particular in such a way as to enable true otherness. It will be argued, moreover, that Schlatter's contribution to the contemporary trinitarian debate lies in propounding an applied trinitarian theology which is faithful to its object. When God in himself and in relation to creation is oriented toward and actively seeks the other, then theology cannot talk about God's being apart from the actuality of his actions in this world. [source] Catholic, Calvinist, and Lutheran Doctrines of Eucharistic Presence: A Brief Note towards a RapprochementINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY, Issue 3 2002Richard Cross This article explores Schlatter's doctrine of the Trinity in the light of the contemporary debate, focusing on the relation of the economic and the ontological Trinity. It is shown that Schlatter relates God's triune being and God's trinitarian action through the notion of love , where God's love ad extra as well as ad intra is oriented toward the particular in such a way as to enable true otherness. It will be argued, moreover, that Schlatter's contribution to the contemporary trinitarian debate lies in propounding an applied trinitarian theology which is faithful to its object. When God in himself and in relation to creation is oriented toward and actively seeks the other, then theology cannot talk about God's being apart from the actuality of his actions in this world. [source] What is Genetic Information, and why is it Significant?JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHILOSOPHY, Issue 1 2006A Contextual, Approach, Contrastive abstract Is genetic information of special ethical significance? Does it require special regulation? There is considerable contemporary debate about this question (the ,genetic exceptionalism' debate). ,Genetic information' is an ambiguous term and, as an aid to avoiding conflation in the genetic exceptionalism debate, a detailed account is given of just how and why ,genetic information' is ambiguous. Whilst ambiguity is a ubiquitous problem of communication, it is suggested that ,genetic information' is ambiguous in a particular way, one that gives rise to the problem of ,significance creep' (i.e., where claims about the significance of certain kinds of genetic information in one context influence our thinking about the significance of other kinds of genetic information in other contexts). A contextual and contrastive methodology is proposed: evaluating the significance of genetic information requires us to be sensitive to the polysemy of ,genetic information' across contexts and then examine the contrast in significance (if any) of genetic, as opposed to nongenetic, information within contexts. This, in turn, suggests that a proper solution to the regulatory question requires us to pay more attention to how and why information, and its acquisition, possession and use, come to be of ethical significance. [source] CONTESTING THE WORLD AND THE DIVINE: BALTHASAR'S TRINITARIAN "RESPONSE" TO GIANNI VATTIMO'S SECULAR CHRISTIANITYMODERN THEOLOGY, Issue 4 2007ANTHONY C. SCIGLITANO This essay joins the contemporary debate over the proper theological and philosophical hermeneutic for interpreting the phenomenon of secularism. The first part offers a sustained Balthasar-influenced critique of Gianni Vattimo's secular translation of Christianity. I argue that Vattimo's Heideggerian-Hegelian influenced reading of secularism as Christianity's proper telos is both philosophically and theologically problematic. Part Two of this article reads Balthasar's work as a response to the philosophical and theological underpinnings of Vattimo's thought. Balthasar would argue that it is in a more traditional, yet remarkably daring account of the Trinitarian relations that the "secular" finds both its ground and dignity. [source] Not Giving the Skeptic a Hearing: Pragmatism and Radical DoubtPHILOSOPHY AND PHENOMENOLOGICAL RESEARCH, Issue 1 2005ERIK J. OLSSON Pragmatist responses to radical skepticism do not receive much attention in contemporary analytic epistemology. This observation is my motivation for undertaking a search for a coherent pragmatist reply to radical doubt, one that can compete, in terms of clarity and sophistication, with the currently most popular approaches, such as contextualism and relevant alternatives theory. As my point of departure I take the texts of C. S. Peirce and William James. The Jamesian response is seen to consist in the application of a wager argument to the skeptical issue in analogy with Pascal's wager. The Peircean strategy, on the other hand, is to attempt a direct rejection of one of the skeptic's main premises: that we do not know we are not deceived. I argue that while the Jamesian attempt is ultimately incoherent, Peirce's argument contains the core of a detailed and characteristically "pragmatic" rebuttal of skepticism, one that deserves to be taken seriously in the contemporary debate. [source] Tribal development in India: the contemporary debate , Edited by Govinda Chandra RathTHE JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL ANTHROPOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, Issue 4 2008Mark Turin [source] Invisible Fences: Egalitarianism, Nationalism and RacismTHE JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL ANTHROPOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, Issue 1 2002Marianne Gullestad With its specific combination of a bureaucratic welfare state and an open, globalized capitalist economy, Norway, along with the other Nordic countries, provides a particularly interesting context for the examination of the relationship between egalitarianism, nationalism, and racism in Europe. A racialization of difference takes place, as immigration emerges as a site for racial and racist discourse, and as a site of conjuncture between the welfare state and its citizens. By presenting an analysis of the contemporary debate on immigration in Norway, this article demonstrates how equality conceived as sameness (,imagined sameness') underpins a growing ethnification of national identity. Widely different utterances and points of view refer to metaphors of home and family life, a close link between territory and generalized kinship, and the renewed importance of Lutheran Christianity in contrast to Islam. A model of group identity and relationship is therefore suggested, in which organizational boundaries and cultural substance inflect one another, rather than being the bases of different or even opposed approaches. It is also argued that anthropologists need to take a more serious interest in the European majority populations. [source] THE STRUCTURE OF SCEPTICAL ARGUMENTSTHE PHILOSOPHICAL QUARTERLY, Issue 218 2005Duncan Pritchard It is nowadays taken for granted that the core radical sceptical arguments all pivot upon the principle that the epistemic operator in question is ,closed' under known entailments. Accordingly, the standard anti-sceptical project now involves either denying closure or retaining closure by amending how one understands other elements of the sceptical argument. However, there are epistemic principles available to the sceptic which are logically weaker than closure but achieve the same result. Accordingly the contemporary debate fails to engage with the sceptical problem in its strongest form. [source] Model policies for land use and the environment: towards a critical typology?ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND GOVERNANCE, Issue 6 2006D. Peel Abstract This article considers contemporary debates in Scotland that are concerned with the design and implementation of land use development plan ,policies that work'. The interest in developing a resource bank of model policy texts is illustrative of the wider agenda to modernize the public sector and to secure efficiency gains in public policy making. On the one hand, this is presented as strengthening policy makers' ability to achieve stated policy outcomes, and to enforce particular policy objectives in the public interest. On the other hand, it is argued that a more uniform and consistent policy context across Scotland would offer a more certain operating environment for developers and users of the planning service. The discussion considers the diversity of land use planning topics identified as potentially appropriate for formulation as a model policy, and proposes a typology for critically interrogating their suitability in practice. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [source] Performativity and helping professions: social theory, power and practiceINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WELFARE, Issue 3 2007Jason L. Powell Drawing on Judith Butler's conception of ,performativity', we would argue that the notion has important implications for contemporary debates in international social welfare over agency, subjection and ,resistance'. Professional social workers embedded in discursive institutions function according to particular expectations around performativity. In addition, this organisational context is complex with multiple demands. In light of technologies of surveillance and control in contemporary social work, performativity offers a response to the pressing need to expand notions of worker opposition beyond traditional forms of organised dissent towards the production of subjective space. [source] Assimilation and Otherness: the Theological Significance of NégritudeINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY, Issue 3 2009A.N. WILLIAMS This article argues that otherness is a root concept in Christian theology, functioning as such in Christology and the doctrines of the Trinity, creation, sanctification and consummation. Recent philosophical and theological treatments of otherness or alterity have, however, focused on its problematic aspects, its link to ills such as racism, sexism and genocide. The thought of the Senegalese statesman and poet Léopold Sédar Senghor (1906,2001) is proposed as an aid in mediating between the tradition's conceptions of otherness and contemporary debates and contexts, illuminating root concepts which have not been recognized as such, their systematic interconnectedness and their enduring relevance. [source] Re-reading Castells: Indifference or Irrelevance Twenty Years On?INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF URBAN AND REGIONAL RESEARCH, Issue 1 2006LYNN A. STAEHELI This essay considers the relevance of The City and the Grassroots to contemporary debates within critical urban analysis. It argues that the book addresses many of the same empirical topics as more recent scholarship, but that shifts in the kinds of questions asked about those topics may make the book seem less relevant to contemporary debates. In particular, Castells' attempt to abstract from local experience to understand the process of political and social change in something specifically ,urban' may be at odds with the goals of contemporary research and of researchers outside Europe, many of whom attempt to provide a differentiated analysis attuned to context and the positionality of agents within social movements. So, while the book makes important contributions to theoretical and empirical arguments because of its deep and rich comparative analysis, intellectual debates and approaches over the past 20 years may have shifted focus. [source] BEFORE THE ORIGINAL POSITION: The Neo-Orthodox Theology of the Young John RawlsJOURNAL OF RELIGIOUS ETHICS, Issue 2 2007Eric Gregory ABSTRACT This paper examines a remarkable document that has escaped critical attention within the vast literature on John Rawls, religion, and liberalism: Rawls's undergraduate thesis, "A Brief Inquiry into the Meaning of Sin and Faith: An Interpretation Based on the Concept of Community" (1942). The thesis shows the extent to which a once regnant version of Protestant theology has retreated into seminaries and divinity schools where it now also meets resistance. Ironically, the young Rawls rejected social contract liberalism for reasons that anticipate many of the claims later made against him by secular and religious critics. The thesis and Rawls's late unpublished remarks on religion and World War II offer a new dimension to his intellectual biography. They show the significance of his humanist response to the moral impossibility of political theology. Moreover, they also reveal a kind of Rawlsian piety marginalized by contemporary debates over religion and liberalism. [source] PHILOSOPHY IN FRAGMENTS: CULTIVATING PHILOSOPHIC THINKING WITH THE PRESOCRATICSMETAPHILOSOPHY, Issue 5 2009DANIEL SILVERMINTZ Abstract: This article presents a strategy for introducing Presocratic thought to students in a manner that is both engaging and relevant. The first section addresses students' reactions to the claim that the Presocratics were the first philosophers. The second section considers how the fragmentary state of Presocratic thought does not hinder its comprehension. The third section proposes a classroom exercise for testing the scientific merits of each of the Presocratic theories. The final section proposes the use of a mock trial as a means of applying the materialist approach introduced by the Presocratics to contemporary debates about free will and determinism. [source] Who is My Neighbor?: The Good Samaritan as a Source for Theological AnthropologyMODERN THEOLOGY, Issue 1 2001Ian A. Mcfarland As the title of this essay suggests, the author's aim is to offer a reading of Jesus' parable of the Good Samaritan in the context of contemporary debates over the nature of personhood. The essay argues that our identity as persons is bound up with our relationship with Jesus in whose life is disclosed both the identity of the three divine persons of the Trinity and the form of human personhood they make possible. To know what it means to be a person, one needs to look to Jesus who provides, through the parable of the Good Samaritan, both the model and the source of our own personhood. [Editors] [source] The Nature of Stability in the Augustan AgePARLIAMENTARY HISTORY, Issue 1 2009RICHARD CONNORS This article seeks to synthesise aspects of recent research on the Augustan age and consider the longevity of the interpretations of the period provided in the late 1960s by Geoffrey Holmes and Jack Plumb. More particularly, it reconsiders the nature of political and social instability in the late 17th and early 18th centuries and examines the arguments historians now offer to account for the diminution of the strife and discord that characterised the rage of party under Queen Anne and the difference between that late Stuart polity and the seemingly more stable and politically placid Georgian period. Furthermore, it considers the broader social and economic conditions of the Augustan age and seeks to show the importance contemporary debates over moral reform, poverty and poor relief had for social stability in the decades after the Glorious Revolution. [source] The Rise of the Non-Metaphysical HegelPHILOSOPHY COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2008Simon Lumsden There has been a resurgence of interest in Hegel's thought by Anglo-American philosophers in the last 25 years. That expansion of interest was initiated with the publication of Charles Taylor's Hegel (1975). That work stills stands as one of7 the important branches of Hegel interpretation. However the dominance of the strongly metaphysical interpretation of Hegel, which dominated the understanding of Hegel until the 1980s, and of which Taylor's work represents the culmination, has now, at least among the major interpreters of Hegel, given way to what has come to be known as the non-metaphysical reading of Hegel. This article charts the emergence and development of the non-metaphysical Hegel, which takes his thought to be a continuation of the Kantian project of critically examining the presuppositions of any normative claim. This article provides an overview of the latest developments in Hegel research, primarily focusing on the English-language literature. Recent research has placed Hegel's concerns at the centre of contemporary debates in analytic philosophy, particularly concerning the status of norms, the ,space of reasons' and the ,myth of the given'. This research has in turn been influential on the two most important figures in English-language Hegel scholarship (Robert Pippin and Terry Pinkard). The article will position this new wave of Hegel scholarship and its influence in relation to the metaphysical interpretation of Hegel and will also provide a brief overview of Hegel's reception in French post-structuralism, which has largely accepted and promoted a view of Hegel as a metaphysician. [source] Our Chief Magistrate and His Powers: A Reconsideration of William Howard Taft's "Whig" Theory of Presidential LeadershipPRESIDENTIAL STUDIES QUARTERLY, Issue 2 2003MICHAEL J. KORZI This article discusses William Howard Taft's theory of presidential leadership. Often seen as embodying a passive or weak conception of the presidency and dismissed as anachronistic, the author argues that Taft's theory merits a second look. First, through analysis of Taft's presidential actions and academic writings, the author shows that his theory is far more nuanced and substantial than traditional accounts allow. Taft's theory is best characterized as a "party agency" Whig theory of the presidency because of its simultaneous concern with popular democracy (via political parties) and presidential moderation. Second, the author argues that Taft's theory of the presidency is rooted in nineteenth-century Whig and Republican ideas of presidential leadership, which, appropriately understood, embody most of the same principles and values. Thus was Taft in many ways a conservator of a nineteenth-century notion of presidential leadership. Finally, the author concludes that Taft's Whiggish theory of the presidency (as well as the nineteenth-century Whig/Republican theory of the presidency) has much to contribute to contemporary debates on presidential leadership. [source] Memory in the Construction of ConstitutionsRATIO JURIS, Issue 4 2002Michael Schäfer In connection with the contemporary debates in political philosophy between liberal, republican and proceduralist,deliberative views of democratic politics, I deal with the question of how the different concepts in these debates can be related to the particular national history, memories and expectations of a polity. I shall concentrate on one German example of the relationship between constitutionalism and democracy, in order to show that political philosophy must pay more attention to the different shared practices and understandings within each liberal society. [source] The unsympathetic exemplar in Vasari's Life of PontormoRENAISSANCE STUDIES, Issue 1 2009Sharon Gregory In his biography of Jacopo Pontormo, Vasari was highly critical of two contrasting stylistic phases in the painter's career. Recent scholarship, concentrating on the (destroyed) frescoes in the choir of San Lorenzo, has concluded that Vasari was acting out of professional jealousy, or that he was attempting to obscure the frescoes' heretical content. This article compares his criticism of the San Lorenzo frescoes with that of Pontormo's earlier Passion cycle at the Certosa del Galluzzo, showing that these parallel passages must be understood in light of contemporary debates about literary and artistic imitation and ideal exemplars , debates whose themes pervade the 1568 edition of Vasari's Lives. Vasari's purpose in Pontormo's biography is to present an object lesson in the danger of an artist's slavish imitation of other artists whose style is not sympathetic with his own. [source] The afterlife of an early medieval chapel: Giovanni Battista Ricci and perceptions of the Christian past in post-Tridentine RomeRENAISSANCE STUDIES, Issue 5 2005Ann Van Dijk This paper treats the afterlife of an early medieval chapel, the Oratory of Pope John VII (705,707) in Old St Peter's, in a painting by Giovanni Battista Ricci (1537/45,1625) remarkable for its inaccuracy. The oratory's original appearance can be reconstructed with some certainty based on the surviving fragments and other documentation, both written and visual. Ricci's painting, by contrast, clearly rearranges the chapel's furnishings and alters the arrangement, style, and iconography of its pictorial decoration. It is evident that the artist's aim was something other than simple documentation. When viewed in conjunction with Giacomo Grimaldi's writings on the oratory and contemporary debates about religious images, it becomes clear that Ricci's painting is a recreation that pictorially rewrites the oratory's biography in order that it might serve as a defence of images, most particularly of the Sudarium of Veronica, the miraculous holy image the chapel once housed. (pp. 686,698) [source] Overseeing organizations: configuring action and its environmentTHE BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY, Issue 2 2002Christian Heath ABSTRACT Despite the widespread deployment of CCTV through most major cities and towns in great Britain, and the importance of surveillance to contemporary debates within the social sciences, there remains relatively little detailed research concerned with the practical use of these technologies in the workplace. In this paper, we examine how personnel in the operation rooms in London Underground use CCTV and related equipment to identify problems and events and to develop a co-ordinated response. In particular, we consider how personnel configure scenes to make sense of and interpret the conduct of the travelling public in organizationally relevant ways, and how they shape the ways in which both passengers and staff see and respond to each others' actions. In addressing how personnel constitute the sense and significance of CCTV images, we reflect on the development of information processing systems which are designed to automatically detect conduct and events. [source] The Marketization of Education: Public Schools for Private EndsANTHROPOLOGY & EDUCATION QUARTERLY, Issue 1 2002Assistant Professor Lesley Bartlett This article argues that the neoliberal renaissance of the 1980s marketized education, with distinctly negative social consequences. We examine the emergence and promotion of a national-level discourse that positioned schools in the service of the economy. Based on ethnographic research conducted in North Carolina, we then show how local growth elite utilized this discourse to further their own race and class interests to the exclusion and detriment of poorer, African American parents and students. We suggest that ethnographic studies of policy formation help to socially and historically contextualize contemporary debates and denaturalize unwarranted assumptions about the public good. [source] The Spaces of Parking: Mapping the Politics of Mobility in San FranciscoANTIPODE, Issue 1 2009Jason Henderson Abstract:, Recently a "mobility turn" has entered critical geographic discourse. This mobility turn recognizes that mobility is at once physical movement and contains social meanings that are manifested in a politics of mobility. In this paper I contribute to this emerging line of inquiry by exploring how the politics of mobility is manifested in localized urban processes. Mobility, as with the broader localized urban process, is political and ideological, and this is particularly true with contemporary debates about automobiles and parking in cities. I explore parking as an example of the broader contestation of urban space, using a case study of San Francisco, California. There are three broad factions in San Francisco's parking debates,progressives that advocate for less parking, neoliberals that advocate that market-based pricing determine the amount of parking, and neoconservatives that advocate for more parking. Throughout the paper, I provide thoughts on the relationship between parking, space, ideology, and the broader urban process. [source] | |||||||||||||